Browsing by Author "A. Agarwal"

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Abdomino-scrotal hydrocele in 35 years old: A case report
(Kathmandu University, 2007) S.K. Tiwary; S. Kumar; A. Agarwal; R. Khanna; A.K. Khanna
Abdomino-scrotal hydrocele is a condition usually affecting children. It is unusual to find an abdomino-scrotal hydrocele in middle aged adult. Most of the patients are asymptomatic except cystic abdominal mass and discomfort occasionally. We hereby report an unusual presentation of abdomino-scrotal hydrocele at age of 35 years and presenting as large cystic abdominal mass extending into scrotum.
Antistress properties of an indigenous compound and its significance in the management of psychosomatic disorders
(1984) G.P. Dubey; A. Agarwal; S. Agarwal
[No abstract available]
Birth Weight Patterns in Rural Undernourished Pregnant Women
(2002) S. Agarwal; A. Agarwal; A.K. Bansal; D.K. Agarwal; K.N. Agarwal
Objective: To study the birth weight pattern in chronic as well as currently undernourished pregnant women. Design: Prospective study of rural pregnant women by following eligible women. Setting: Two adjoining blocks of rural Varanasi. Methods: 3700 pregnant women from rural areas of Varanasi for whom data for anthropometry, hemoglobin, dietary intake, birth weight, fundal height and abdominal girth at 16±2, 28±2 and 36±2 weeks of gestation were recorded. Outcome measure was birth weight pattern of newborns. Results: Of the births, 7.2% were <2250 g and 27.4% <2500 g. The weekly birth weight increments in gestation 36-42 weeks were 5-53 g, only. The fundal height did not increase during 35-39 weeks of gestation (lower by 5 cm as compared to normal). Nutrition supplement in the third trimester significantly increased fundal height and abdominal girth. Fundal height below 24.5 cm at 28 weeks of gestation (1368 women) was associated with higher low birth weight deliveries. Conclusions: Birth weight and fundal height increments during later pregnancy are low in undernourished pregnant women. Fundal height <24.5 cm at 28 weeks of gestation identified women with higher risk for lowbirth weight infants. The prevalence of low birth weight was 27.4% and of prematurity was 6.6%.
Conformational and vibrational spectroscopic investigation of N-n‑butyl, S-2-nitro-1-(p-tolyl)ethyl dithiocarbamate – a bio-relevant sulfur molecule
(Elsevier B.V., 2021) T. Yadav; G. Brahmachari; I. Karmakar; P. Yadav; A.K. Prasad; A. Pathak; A. Agarwal; R. Kumar; V. Mukherjee; G.N. Pandey; R.R.F. Bento; N.P. Yadav
This work describes the synthesis, conformational, thermodynamics and vibrational spectroscopic studies of N-n‑butyl, S-2-nitro-1-(p-tolyl)ethyl dithiocarbamate, a bio-relevant sulfur molecule. A total of seven low lying energy structures of N-n‑butyl, S-2-nitro-1-(p-tolyl)ethyl dithiocarbamate are theoretically predicted. The quantum chemical calculations were performed using Gaussian09 with the 6–31++G(d,p) basis set. This basis set has been shown to reproduce the experimental structural and vibrational properties of N-n‑butyl, S-2-nitro-1-(p-tolyl)ethyl dithiocarbamate. The infrared spectrum was recorded from sample in Kbr pellet in the range 400 to 4000cm−1 with a spectral resolution of 4cm−1and this correlates well with the theoretical spectra of the most stable conformer. The potential energy distribution of the most stable conformer was calculated by employing the normal coordinate analysis method. The natural bond orbital analysis (NBO) of the most stable conformer was done to study the donor-acceptor interactions and stability of the electronic structure. The different thermodynamical parameters, viz, entropy, specific heat, free and thermal energy are also estimated and discussed. The frontier bond orbital analysis has been studied to explore the transition profile of the molecule. Moreover, the structure-property relationship and molecular docking study with methyltransferase group of enzymes have been performed. © 2021 Elsevier B.V.
Effect of alpha-chlorohydrin on the epididymis of the Indian palm squirrel (Funambulus pennanti)
(1986) A. Agarwal; C.J. Dominic
The effects of α-chlorohydrin administration on the epididymis of the Indian palm squirrel were investigated. The drug induced dose- and duration related regressive histological changes in the three epididymal segments. In spite of the regressive changes in the epididymis, spermatogenesis continued uninterruptedly in α-chlorohydrin-treated animals. Treatment with the drug also induced alterations in the levels of epididymal nucleic acids, protein, sialic acid and glycogen. The alterations in the histology and chemical constituents of the epididymis in drug treated animals were completely reversible. Within 21 days after drug withdrawal, epididymal histology and constituents returned to the pre-treatment state.
Effect of cyproterone acetate on the epididymis of the Indian palm squirrel, Funambulus pennanti Wroughton
(1984) A. Agarwal; C.J. Dominic
[No abstract available]
Erratum: Global, regional, and national levels of maternal mortality, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 (The Lancet (2016) 388(10053) (1775–1812)(S0140673616314702)(10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31470-2))
(Elsevier B.V., 2017) N.J. Kassebaum; R.M. Barber; L. Dandona; S.I. Hay; H.J. Larson; S.S. Lim; A.D. Lopez; A.H. Mokdad; M. Naghavi; C. Pinho; C. Steiner; T. Vos; H. Wang; T. Achoki; G.M. Anderson; M. Arora; S. Biryukov; J.D. Blore; A. Carter; D.C. Casey; M.M. Coates; M. Coggeshall; D.J. Dicker; E. Dossou; T. Fleming; M.S. Fraser; J. Friedman; N. Fullman; N. Graetz; J. Hancock; C. Huynh; M. Iannarone; L. Kemmer; X.R. Kulikoff; M.J. Kutz; P.Y. Liu; N. Marquez; A. Misganaw; M.D. Mooney; M. Moradi-Lakeh; M. Ng; G. Nguyen; A. Pain; K.A. Shackelford; N. Silpakit; A. Sligar; J.M. Smith; R.J.D. Sorensen; S.E. Vollset; J.A. Wagner; T. Wolock; Y. Zhao; M. Zhou; C.J.L. Murray; B.E. Ebel; N.D. Futran; K.M. Harun; Z.A. Bhutta; M.I. Nisar; N. Akseer; P. Jeemon; R. Dandona; S. Goenka; G.A. Kumar; P.W. Gething; D. Bisanzio; A. Deribew; C. Cooper; R. Ali; D.A. Bennett; V. Jha; K. Rahimi; Y. Kinfu; G.V.S. Murthy; Y. Li; S. Liu; L. Wang; X. Liang; S. Yu; P. Azzopardi; K.B. Gibney; A. Meretoja; C.E.I. Szoeke; K. Alam; S.M. Colquhoun; R.G. Weintraub; T. Wijeratne; R. Lozano; I.R. Campos-Nonato; J.C. Campuzano; H. Gomez-Dantes; H. Lamadrid-Figueroa; F. Mejia-Rodriguez; J.C. Montañez Hernandez; P. Montero; G.A. Mensah; J.A. Salomon; A.L. Thorne-Lyman; O.N. Ajala; T. Bärnighausen; E.L. Ding; M.S. Farvid; J.R.A. Fitchett; A.A. Abajobir; L.D. Knibbs; R. Lalloo; N.K.M. Alam; Y. Guo; K.H. Abate; T.T. Gebrehiwot; A.T. Gebremedhin; K.M. Abbas; F. Abd-Allah; M.A. Abdallat; A.M. Abdulle; S.F. Abera; Y.A. Melaku; F.H. Tesfay; A.F. Aregay; T.A. Bayou; B.D. Betsu; M. Gebremedhin; A.A. Gebru; G.B. Hailu; T. Tekle; A.Z. Yalew; H.G. Yebyo; V. Aboyans; I. Abubakar; R.W. Aldridge; A. Banerjee; N.M. Aburmeileh; A.O. Adebiyi; A.L. Adelekan; F.A. Ojelabi; I.A. Adedeji; A.K. Adou; K.A. Afanvi; A. Badawi; A. Agarwal; A. Agarwal; A Ahmad Kiadaliri; T.F. Akinyemiju; D.C. Schwebel; J.A. Singh; Z. Al-Aly; K. Alam; A.H. Kemp; J. Leigh; A.B. Mekonnen; D. Alasfoor; S.F. Aldhahri; A.S. Terkawi; S. Alhabib; A. Alkerwi; F. Alla; R. Al-Raddadi; U. Alsharif; E Alvarez Martin; N. Alvis-Guzman; A.T. Amare; L.G. Ciobanu; G.A. Tessema; T. Setegn; A. Amberbir; A.K. Amegah; A.A. Kudom; W. Ammar; H.L. Harb; S.M. Amrock; H.H. Andersen; R.M. Antoine; C.A.T. Antonio; E.J.A. Faraon; J. Ärnlöv; A. Larsson; V.S. Arsic Arsenijevic; A. Barac; A. Artaman; H. Asayesh; S. Atique; E.F.G.A. Avokpaho; A. Awasthi; B.P. Ayala Quintanilla; U. Bacha; M.C. Bahit; K. Balakrishnan; S.L. Barker-Collo; S. Mohammed; S. Basu; Y.T. Bayou; S. Bazargan-Hejazi; J. Beardsley; N. Bedi; T. Bekele; M.L. Bell; B.J. Biroscak; J.J. Huang; I.S. Santos; I.M. Bensenor; P.A. Lotufo; A. Berhane; C.D. Wolfe; E. Bernabé; A.S. Beyene; S. Biadgilign; B. Bikbov; A.A. Bin Abdulhak; E. Bjertness; A.S. Htet; M. Brainin; A. Brazinova; M. Majdan; J. Shen; N.J.K. Breitborde; T.S. Brugha; Z.A. Butt; R. Cárdenas; S. Fereshtehnejad; M. Kivipelto; E. Weiderpass; R. Havmoeller; S. Sindi; C.A. Castañeda-Orjuela; C.A. Castañedaorjuela; R.E. Castro; F. Catalá-López; F. Cavalleri; V. Colistro; H. Chang; J. Chang; L. Chavan; C.E. Chibueze; V.H. Chisumpa; C.C. Mapoma; F. Masiye; J.J. Choi; R. Chowdhury; D.J. Christopher; M. Cirillo; L.T. Cooper; T. Dahiru; A. Damasceno; H. Danawi; A.H. Refaat; J Das Neves; D. De Leo; R.P. Dellavalle; K. Deribe; A.D. Hailu; W. Tefera; A.Z. Giref; T. Jibat; G Temam Shifa; D.C. Des Jarlais; S.D. Dharmaratne; M. Dubey; M.H.U. Rahman; U. Ram; A. Singh; A.K. Yadav; C.L. Ellingsen; M. Savic; V. Skirbekk; I. Elyazar; S.P. Ermakov; S. Soshnikov; B. Eshrati; F. Farzadfar; A. Kasaeian; F. Pishgar; A. Esteghamati; N. Hafezi-Nejad; S. Sheikhbahaei; A. Khosravi; R. Malekzadeh; G. Roshandel; S.G. Sepanlou; V. Rahimi-Movaghar; T.A. Farid; A.R. Khan; C.S.E.S. Farinha; A. Faro; J.C. Fernandes; F. Fischer; N. Foigt; E.B. Franca; R.C. Franklin; T. Fürst; A. Majeed; K. Gambashidze; K. Kazanjan; M. Kereselidze; I. Khonelidze; M. Shakh-Nazarova; L. Sturua; A. Gamkrelidze; T. Gebre; J.M. Geleijnse; M. Giroud; M.D. Gishu; A.K. Tura; E. Glaser; P. Gona; A. Goodridge; S.V. Gopalani; A. Goto; H.C. Gugnani; R. Gupta; V. Gupta; O.F. Norheim; R.R. Hamadeh; S. Hamidi; A.J. Handal; G.J. Hankey; S. Harikrishnan; H.W. Hoek; M. Horino; N. Horita; H.D. Hosgood; D.G. Hoy; G. Hu; H. Huang; I. Huybrechts; K.M. Iburg; B.T. Idrisov; V.J. Iyer; K.H. Jacobsen; N. Jahanmehr; M.B. Jakovljevic; M. Javanbakht; A.U. Jayatilleke; S.H. Jee; D.K. Lal; S. Zodpey; G. Jiang; Y. Jiang; J.B. Jonas; Z. Kabir; R. Kamal; C.N. Kesavachandran; J. She; H. Kan; A. Karch; D. Karletsos; A. Kaul; N. Kawakami; K. Shibuya; J.F. Kayibanda; D.S. Kazi; P.N. Keiyoro; A.P. Kengne; C.S. Wiysonge; K. Sliwa; A. Keren; Y.S. Khader; E.A. Khan; Y.H. Khang; S. Won; J. Khubchandani; Y.J. Kim; Y. Kokubo; S. Kosen; P.A. Koul; A. Koyanagi; S. Krishnaswami; B Kuate Defo; B Kucuk Bicer; H. Lam; Q. Lan; D.O. Laryea; R. Leung; S.E. Lipshultz; J.D. Wilkinson; E.P. Simard; Y. Liu; M.R. Phillips; Q. Xiao; B.K. Lloyd; R. Lunevicius; D. Pope; S. Ma; H Magdy Abd El Razek; W. Marcenes; P.A. Meaney; D.J. Margolis; M.B. Marzan; A.J. Mason-Jones; T.T. Mazorodze; A. Mehari; M.M. Mehndiratta; S.M. Woldeyohannes; B.A. Tedla; Z.A. Memish; W. Mendoza; T.J. Meretoja; F.A. Mhimbira; T.R. Miller; E.J. Mills; N. Mohamed Ibrahim; K.A. Mohammad; A. Mohammadi; G.L.D. Mola; L. Monasta; M. Montico; L. Ronfani; J.D. Monis; A.R. Moore; M. Moradilakeh; L. Morawska; R.E. Norman; R. Mori; A. Werdecker; U.O. Mueller; R. Westerman; S. Murthy; F. Pourmalek; J.B. Nachega; A.J. Paternina Caicedo; S. Seedat; B.X. Tran; A. Naheed; L. Naldi; G. Remuzzi; D. Nand; V. Nangia; D. Nash; S. Neupane; J.N. Newton; F.N. Ngalesoni; P. Nguhiu; Q.L. Nguyen; M. Nomura; L. Nyakarahuka; C.M. Obermeyer; F.A. Ogbo; I. Oh; P.R. Olivares; B.O. Olusanya; J.O. Olusanya; J.N. Opio; E. Oren; E. Ota; A.S. Oyekale; P.A. Mahesh; N. Papantoniou; V. Stathopoulou; E. Park; H. Park; S.B. Patten; V.K. Paul; A. Roy; R. Sagar; M. Satpathy; D.M. Pereira; M. Cortinovis; N. Perico; K. Pesudovs; M. Petzold; J.D. Pillay; S. Polinder; M. Qorbani; A. Rafay; S.U. Rahman; R.K. Rai; C.L. Ranabhat; T. Rangaswamy; P.V. Rao; S. Resnikoff; D. Rojas-Rueda; G.M. Ruhago; B.F. Sunguya; M.M. Saleh; J.R. Sanabria; M.D. Sanchez-Niño; R. Sarmiento-Suarez; B. Sartorius; M. Sawhney; M.I. Saylan; I.J.C. Schneider; D.A.S. Silva; E.E. Servan-Mori; M.A. Shaikh; R. Sharma; M. Shin; S. Yoon; R. Shiri; K. Shishani; I. Shiue; I.D. Sigfusdottir; D.G.A. Silveira; J.I. Silverberg; Y. Yano; O.P. Singh; P.K. Singh; V. Singh; S. Soneji; J.B. Soriano; L.A. Sposato; C.T. Sreeramareddy; K. Stroumpoulis; S. Swaminathan; B.L. Sykes; R. Tabarés-Seisdedos; K.M. Tabb; R.T. Talongwa; M. Tavakkoli; B. Taye; A.Y. Endries; G. Temam Shifa; A.J. Thomson; R. Tobe-Gai; R. Topor-Madry; J.A. Towbin; Z. Tsala Dimbuene; S. Tyrovolas; K.N. Ukwaja; O.A. Uthman; T. Vasankari; N. Venketasubramanian; F.S. Violante; S.K. Vladimirov; V.V. Vlassov; S. Weichenthal; M. Wubshet; G. Xu; B. Yakob; P. Yip; N. Yonemoto; M.Z. Younis; C. Yu; Z. Zaidi; M.E. Zaki; H. Zeeb; L.J. Zuhlke
GBD 2015 Maternal Mortality Collaborators. Global, regional, and national levels of maternal mortality, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. Lancet 2016; 388: 1775–812—In this Article, an extra affiliation has been added for Simon I Hay. The affiliation for Monica Cortinovis has been edited. The funding statement for Simon I Hay has been added. These corrections have been made to the online version as of Jan 5, 2017. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd
Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015
(Elsevier B.V., 2016) T. Vos; C. Allen; M. Arora; R.M. Barber; A. Brown; A. Carter; D.C. Casey; F.J. Charlson; A.Z. Chen; M. Coggeshall; L. Cornaby; L. Dandona; D.J. Dicker; T. Dilegge; H.E. Erskine; A.J. Ferrari; C. Fitzmaurice; T. Fleming; M.H. Forouzanfar; N. Fullman; E.M. Goldberg; N. Graetz; J.A. Haagsma; S.I. Hay; C.O. Johnson; N.J. Kassebaum; T. Kawashima; L. Kemmer; I.A. Khalil; H.H. Kyu; J. Leung; S.S. Lim; A.D. Lopez; L. Marczak; A.H. Mokdad; M. Naghavi; G. Nguyen; E. Nsoesie; H. Olsen; D.M. Pigott; C. Pinho; Z. Rankin; N. Reinig; L. Sandar; A. Smith; J. Stanaway; C. Steiner; S. Teeple; B.A. Thomas; C. Troeger; J.A. Wagner; H. Wang; V. Wanga; H.A. Whiteford; L. Zoeckler; L.T. Alexander; G.M. Anderson; B. Bell; K. Bienhoff; S. Biryukov; J. Blore; J. Brown; M.M. Coates; F. Daoud; K. Estep; K. Foreman; J. Fox; J. Friedman; J. Frostad; W.W. Godwin; J. Hancock; C. Huynh; M. Iannarone; P. Kim; M. Kutz; F. Masiye; A. Millear; M. Mirarefin; M.D. Mooney; M. Moradi-Lakeh; E. Mullany; J.E. Mumford; M. Ng; P. Rao; M.B. Reitsma; A. Reynolds; G.A. Roth; K.A. Shackelford; A. Sivonda; A. Sligar; R.J.D. Sorensen; P. Sur; S.E. Vollset; R. Woodbrook; M. Zhou; C.J.L. Murray; R.G. Ellenbogen; G.A. Kotsakis; C.N. Mock; B.O. Anderson; N.D. Futran; P.N. Jensen; D.A. Watkins; Z.A. Bhutta; M.I. Nisar; N. Akseer; A.A. Abajobir; L.D. Knibbs; R. Lalloo; J.G. Scott; N.K.M. Alam; H.N. Gouda; Y. Guo; J.J. McGrath; P. Jeemon; R. Dandona; G.A. Kumar; P.W. Gething; D. Bisanzio; A. Deribew; R. Ali; D.A. Bennett; K. Rahimi; Y. Kinfu; L. Duan; Y. Li; S. Liu; Y. Jin; L. Wang; P. Ye; X. Liang; P. Azzopardi; K.B. Gibney; A. Meretoja; K. Alam; R. Borschmann; S.M. Colquhoun; G.C. Patton; R.G. Weintraub; C.E.I. Szoeke; Z. Ademi; H.R. Taylor; R. Lozano; I.R. Campos-Nonato; J.C. Campuzano; H. Gomez-Dantes; I.B. Heredia-Pi; F. Mejia-Rodriguez; J.C. Montañez Hernandez; M.J. Rios Blancas; E.E. Servan-Mori; G.A. Mensah; J.A. Salomon; A.L. Thorne-Lyman; O.N. Ajala; T. Bärnighausen; E.L. Ding; M.S. Farvid; G.R. Wagner; M. Osman; M.G. Shrime; J.R.A. Fitchett; K.H. Abate; T.T. Gebrehiwot; A.T. Gebremedhin; C. Abbafati; K.M. Abbas; F. Abd-Allah; B. Abraham; I. Abubakar; A. Banerjee; H. Benzian; L.J. Abu-Raddad; N.M. Abu-Rmeileh; I.N. Ackerman; R. Buchbinder; B. Gabbe; A.G. Thrift; A.O. Adebiyi; R.O. Akinyemi; T. Fürst; A.K. Adou; K.A. Afanvi; E.E. Agardh; A. Badawi; S. Popova; A. Agarwal; A. Ahmad Kiadaliri; B. Norrving; H. Ahmadieh; M. Yaseri; N. Jahanmehr; Z. Al-Aly; T.R. Driscoll; A.H. Kemp; J. Leigh; A.B. Mekonnen; S.F. Aldhahri; K.A. Altirkawi; M.A. Alegretti; Z.A. Alemu; S. Alhabib; A. Alkerwi; F. Alla; F. Guillemin; P. Allebeck; R.H.S. Rabiee; J.J. Carrero; S.M. Fereshtehnejad; E. Weiderpass; R. Havmoeller; R. Al-Raddadi; U. Alsharif; N. Alvis-Guzman; A.T. Amare; Y.A. Melaku; L.G. Ciobanu; A. Amberbir; H. Amini; C.K. Karema; W. Ammar; H.L. Harb; S.M. Amrock; H.H. Andersen; C.A.T. Antonio; A.F. Aregay; B.D. Betsu; G.B. Hailu; H.G. Yebyo; J. Ärnlöv; A. Larsson; A. Artaman; H. Asayesh; R. Assadi; S. Atique; E.F.G.A. Avokpaho; A. Awasthi; B.P. Ayala Quintanilla; U. Bacha; K. Balakrishnan; A. Barac; S.L. Barker-Collo; S. Mohammed; L. Barregard; M. Petzold; L.H. Barrero; A. Basu; S. Bazargan-Hejazi; E. Beghi; K.N. Sheth; M.L. Bell; J.J. Huang; I.S. Santos; I.M. Bensenor; P.A. Lotufo; A. Berhane; C.D. Wolfe; E. Bernabé; R.J. Hay; H.S. Roba; A.S. Beyene; N. Bhala; T. Fürst; F.B. Piel; T.J. Steiner; S. Bhatt; F. Greaves; A. Majeed; M. Soljak; S. Biadgilign; B. Bikbov; E. Bjertness; A.S. Htet; S. Boufous; L. Degenhardt; S. Resnikoff; B. Calabria; P.B. Mitchell; M. Brainin; A. Brazinova; M. Majdan; W.D. Lo; J. Shen; N.J.K. Breitborde; G.C. Buckle; Z.A. Butt; A. Lal; H. Carabin; R. Cárdenas; D.O. Carpenter; C.A. Castañeda-Orjuela; J. Castillo Rivas; F. Catalá-López; J. Chang; P.P. Chiang; C.E. Chibueze; V.H. Chisumpa; J.J. Choi; R. Chowdhury; H. Christensen; D.J. Christopher; M. Cirillo; C. Cooper; M.D. Cortinovis Biotech; G. Giussani Biol; D.N. Perico; G. Remuzzi; J.A. Crump; S. Derrett; R.G. Poulton; S.A. Damtew; K. Deribe; A.D. Hailu; A.Z. Giref; D. Haile; T. Jibat; B. Taye; P.I. Dargan; J. das Neves; J. Massano; J.V. Santos; G. Davey; A.C. Davis; J.N. Newton; N. Steel; D. De Leo; L.C. Del Gobbo; R.P. Dellavalle; D.C. Des Jarlais; S.D. Dharmaratne; P.K. Dhillon; P. Ganguly; S. Zodpey; C. Diaz-Torné; M. Dubey; M.H.U. Rahman; U. Ram; A. Singh; R.K. Verma; A.K. Yadav; B.B. Duncan; C. Kieling; M.I. Schmidt; H. Ebrahimi; F. Pishgar; F. Farzadfar; A. Kasaeian; M. Parsaeian; P. Heydarpour; R. Malekzadeh; G. Roshandel; S.G. Sepanlou; V. Rahimi-Movaghar; I. Elyazar; M. Endres; A.Y. Endries; S.P. Ermakov; B. Eshrati; T.A. Farid; A.R. Khan; C.S.E.S. Farinha; A. Faro; V.L. Feigin; B.J. Te Ao; G.F. Kwan; D.T. Felson; J.G. Fernandes; J.C. Fernandes; F. Fischer; I. Shiue; F.G.R. Fowkes; R.C. Franklin; T. Fürst; V.J. Iyer; F.G. Gankpé; T. Gebre; J.M. Geleijnse; B.D. Gessner; I.A. Ginawi; M. Giroud; M.D. Gishu; A.K. Tura; E. Glaser; Y.A. Halasa; D.S. Shepard; E.A. Undurraga; P. Gona; A. Goodridge; S.V. Gopalani; C.C. Gotay; N. Kissoon; J.A. Kopec; F. Pourmalek; A. Goto; M. Inoue; R. Grainger; R. Gupta; R. Gupta; V. Gupta; R.A. Gutiérrez; A.K. Knudsen; O.F. Norheim; R.R. Hamadeh; S. Hamidi; M. Hammami; A.J. Handal; G.J. Hankey; Y. Hao; S. Harikrishnan; J.M. Haro; H.W. Hoek; V. Skirbekk; M. Horino; N. Horita; H.D. Hosgood; D.G. Hoy; H. Huang; K.M. Iburg; K. Innos; N. Kawakami; K. Shibuya; K.H. Jacobsen; M.B. Jakovljevic; M. Javanbakht; S.P. Jayaraman; A.U. Jayatilleke; S.H. Jee; D. Prabhakaran; Y. Jiang; A. Jimenez-Corona; J.B. Jonas; Z. Kabir; Y. Kalkonde; R. Kamal; C.N. Kesavachandran; H. Kan; A. Karch; C. Karimkhani; A. Kaul; P.N. Keiyoro; R.A. Lyons; A. Keren; Y.S. Khader; E.A. Khan; Y.H. Khang; S. Won; S. Khera; M. Tavakkoli; T.A.M. Khoja; J. Khubchandani; C. Kim; D. Kim; Y.J. Kim; J.C. Skogen; M. Savic; Y. Kokubo; D. Kolte; S.T. McGarvey; S. Kosen; P.A. Koul; A. Koyanagi; M. Kravchenko; Y.Y. Varakin; B. Kuate Defo; B. Kucuk Bicer; A.A. Kudom; S. Polinder; E.J. Kuipers; T. Lallukka; R. Shiri; T.J. Meretoja; H. Lam; J.O. Lam; J.B. Nachega; B.X. Tran; S.M. Langan; M. McKee; P.M. Lavados; J.L. Leasher; R. Leung; M. Levi; Y. Li; J. Liang; Y. Liu; M.R. Phillips; B.K. Lloyd; G. Logroscino; K.J. Looker; R. Lunevicius; M.T. Mackay; M. Magdy Abd El Razek; M. Mahdavi; W. Marcenes; P.A. Meaney; D.J. Margolis; J. Martinez-Raga; B.J. McMahon; A. Mehari; B.A. Tedla; P. Memiah; Z.A. Memish; W. Mendoza; F.A. Mhimbira; T.R. Miller; E.J. Mills; A. Mohammadi; L. Monasta; M. Montico; L. Ronfani; L. Morawska; R.E. Norman; A. Werdecker; U.O. Mueller; R. Westerman; A.J. Paternina Caicedo; M.E. Murdoch; S. Seedat; C.S. Wiysonge; G. Nagel; D. Rothenbacher; A. Naheed; L. Naldi; V. Nangia; F.N. Ngalesoni; Q.L. Nguyen; P.M. Nkamedjie Pete; J.M. Nolla; B.P. Nunes; F.A. Ogbo; I. Oh; T. Ohkubo; P.R. Olivares; B.O. Olusanya; J.O. Olusanya; A. Ortiz; E. Ota; P.A. Mahesh; V.M.D.A. Passos; S.B. Patten; M. Tonelli; D.M. Pereira; R. Perez-Padilla; K. Pesudovs; J.D. Pillay; D. Plass; J.A. Platts-Mills; C.D. Pond; N.M. Prasad; M. Qorbani; A. Radfar; A. Rafay; M. Rahman; S.U. Rahman; R.K. Rai; S. Rajsic; A.H. Refaat; A.L. Ribeiro; D. Rojas-Rueda; A. Roy; R. Sagar; M. Satpathy; N. Tandon; R. Sahathevan; J.R. Sanabria; M.D. Sanchez-Niño; R. Sarmiento-Suarez; B. Sartorius; M. Sawhney; M.P. Schaub; I.J.C. Schneider; D.A.S. Silva; B. Schöttker; D.C. Schwebel; J.A. Singh; A. Shaheen; M.A. Shaikh; R. Sharma; U. Sharma; M. Shin; S. Yoon; I.D. Sigfusdottir; D.G.A. Silveira; O.P. Singh; P.K. Singh; K. Søreide; K. Sliwa; D.J. Stein; J.B. Soriano; L.A. Sposato; C.T. Sreeramareddy; V. Stathopoulou; L.J. Stovner; S. Steinke; K. Stroumpoulis; B.F. Sunguya; S. Swaminathan; B.L. Sykes; R. Tabarés-Seisdedos; J.S. Takala; D. Tanne; A.S. Terkawi; E.M. Tuzcu; A.J. Thomson; G.D. Thurston; R. Tobe-Gai; R. Topor-Madry; F. Topouzis; T. Truelsen; Z. Tsala Dimbuene; M. Tsilimbaris; S. Tyrovolas; K.N. Ukwaja; C.J. Uneke; O.A. Uthman; C.H. van Gool; T. Vasankari; N. Venketasubramanian; F.S. Violante; S.K. Vladimirov; V.V. Vlassov; S.G. Waller; S. Weichenthal; R.A. White; H.C. Williams; M. Wubshet; D. Xavier; G. Xu; L.L. Yan; Y. Yano; P. Yip; N. Yonemoto; M.Z. Younis; C. Yu; Z. Zaidi; M.E. Zaki; H. Zeeb; L.J. Zuhlke
Background Non-fatal outcomes of disease and injury increasingly detract from the ability of the world's population to live in full health, a trend largely attributable to an epidemiological transition in many countries from causes affecting children, to non-communicable diseases (NCDs) more common in adults. For the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2015 (GBD 2015), we estimated the incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for diseases and injuries at the global, regional, and national scale over the period of 1990 to 2015. Methods We estimated incidence and prevalence by age, sex, cause, year, and geography with a wide range of updated and standardised analytical procedures. Improvements from GBD 2013 included the addition of new data sources, updates to literature reviews for 85 causes, and the identification and inclusion of additional studies published up to November, 2015, to expand the database used for estimation of non-fatal outcomes to 60 900 unique data sources. Prevalence and incidence by cause and sequelae were determined with DisMod-MR 2.1, an improved version of the DisMod-MR Bayesian meta-regression tool first developed for GBD 2010 and GBD 2013. For some causes, we used alternative modelling strategies where the complexity of the disease was not suited to DisMod-MR 2.1 or where incidence and prevalence needed to be determined from other data. For GBD 2015 we created a summary indicator that combines measures of income per capita, educational attainment, and fertility (the Socio-demographic Index [SDI]) and used it to compare observed patterns of health loss to the expected pattern for countries or locations with similar SDI scores. Findings We generated 9·3 billion estimates from the various combinations of prevalence, incidence, and YLDs for causes, sequelae, and impairments by age, sex, geography, and year. In 2015, two causes had acute incidences in excess of 1 billion: upper respiratory infections (17·2 billion, 95% uncertainty interval [UI] 15·4–19·2 billion) and diarrhoeal diseases (2·39 billion, 2·30–2·50 billion). Eight causes of chronic disease and injury each affected more than 10% of the world's population in 2015: permanent caries, tension-type headache, iron-deficiency anaemia, age-related and other hearing loss, migraine, genital herpes, refraction and accommodation disorders, and ascariasis. The impairment that affected the greatest number of people in 2015 was anaemia, with 2·36 billion (2·35–2·37 billion) individuals affected. The second and third leading impairments by number of individuals affected were hearing loss and vision loss, respectively. Between 2005 and 2015, there was little change in the leading causes of years lived with disability (YLDs) on a global basis. NCDs accounted for 18 of the leading 20 causes of age-standardised YLDs on a global scale. Where rates were decreasing, the rate of decrease for YLDs was slower than that of years of life lost (YLLs) for nearly every cause included in our analysis. For low SDI geographies, Group 1 causes typically accounted for 20–30% of total disability, largely attributable to nutritional deficiencies, malaria, neglected tropical diseases, HIV/AIDS, and tuberculosis. Lower back and neck pain was the leading global cause of disability in 2015 in most countries. The leading cause was sense organ disorders in 22 countries in Asia and Africa and one in central Latin America; diabetes in four countries in Oceania; HIV/AIDS in three southern sub-Saharan African countries; collective violence and legal intervention in two north African and Middle Eastern countries; iron-deficiency anaemia in Somalia and Venezuela; depression in Uganda; onchoceriasis in Liberia; and other neglected tropical diseases in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Interpretation Ageing of the world's population is increasing the number of people living with sequelae of diseases and injuries. Shifts in the epidemiological profile driven by socioeconomic change also contribute to the continued increase in years lived with disability (YLDs) as well as the rate of increase in YLDs. Despite limitations imposed by gaps in data availability and the variable quality of the data available, the standardised and comprehensive approach of the GBD study provides opportunities to examine broad trends, compare those trends between countries or subnational geographies, benchmark against locations at similar stages of development, and gauge the strength or weakness of the estimates available. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2016 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY license
Global, regional, and national levels of maternal mortality, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015
(Lancet Publishing Group, 2016) N.J. Kassebaum; R.M. Barber; L. Dandona; S.I. Hay; H.J. Larson; S.S. Lim; A.D. Lopez; A.H. Mokdad; M. Naghavi; C. Pinho; C. Steiner; T. Vos; H. Wang; T. Achoki; G.M. Anderson; M. Arora; S. Biryukov; J.D. Blore; A. Carter; D.C. Casey; M.M. Coates; M. Coggeshall; D.J. Dicker; E. Dossou; T. Fleming; M.S. Fraser; J. Friedman; N. Fullman; N. Graetz; J. Hancock; C. Huynh; M. Iannarone; L. Kemmer; X.R. Kulikoff; M.J. Kutz; P.Y. Liu; N. Marquez; A. Misganaw; M.D. Mooney; M. Moradi-Lakeh; M. Ng; G. Nguyen; A. Pain; K.A. Shackelford; N. Silpakit; A. Sligar; J.M. Smith; R.J.D. Sorensen; S.E. Vollset; J.A. Wagner; T. Wolock; Y. Zhao; M. Zhou; C.J.L. Murray; B.E. Ebel; N.D. Futran; K.M. Harun; Z.A. Bhutta; M.I. Nisar; N. Akseer; P. Jeemon; R. Dandona; S. Goenka; G.A. Kumar; P.W. Gething; D. Bisanzio; A. Deribew; C. Cooper; R. Ali; D.A. Bennett; V. Jha; K. Rahimi; Y. Kinfu; G.V.S. Murthy; Y. Li; S. Liu; L. Wang; X. Liang; S. Yu; P. Azzopardi; K.B. Gibney; A. Meretoja; C.E.I. Szoeke; K. Alam; S.M. Colquhoun; R.G. Weintraub; T. Wijeratne; R. Lozano; I.R. Campos-Nonato; J.C. Campuzano; H. Gomez-Dantes; H. Lamadrid-Figueroa; F. Mejia-Rodriguez; J.C. Montañez Hernandez; P. Montero; G.A. Mensah; J.A. Salomon; A.L. Thorne-Lyman; O.N. Ajala; T. Bärnighausen; E.L. Ding; M.S. Farvid; J.R.A. Fitchett; A.A. Abajobir; L.D. Knibbs; R. Lalloo; N.K.M. Alam; Y. Guo; K.H. Abate; T.T. Gebrehiwot; A.T. Gebremedhin; K.M. Abbas; F. Abd-Allah; M.A. Abdallat; A.M. Abdulle; S.F. Abera; Y.A. Melaku; F.H. Tesfay; A.F. Aregay; T.A. Bayou; B.D. Betsu; M. Gebremedhin; A.A. Gebru; G.B. Hailu; T. Tekle; A.Z. Yalew; H.G. Yebyo; V. Aboyans; I. Abubakar; R.W. Aldridge; A. Banerjee; N.M. Aburmeileh; A.O. Adebiyi; A.L. Adelekan; F.A. Ojelabi; I.A. Adedeji; A.K. Adou; K.A. Afanvi; A. Badawi; A. Agarwal; A Ahmad Kiadaliri; T.F. Akinyemiju; D.C. Schwebel; J.A. Singh; Z. Al-Aly; A.H. Kemp; J. Leigh; A.B. Mekonnen; D. Alasfoor; S.F. Aldhahri; A.S. Terkawi; S. Alhabib; A. Alkerwi; F. Alla; R. Al-Raddadi; U. Alsharif; E Alvarez Martin; N. Alvis-Guzman; A.T. Amare; L.G. Ciobanu; G.A. Tessema; T. Setegn; A. Amberbir; A.K. Amegah; A.A. Kudom; W. Ammar; H.L. Harb; S.M. Amrock; H.H. Andersen; R.M. Antoine; C.A.T. Antonio; E.J.A. Faraon; J. Ärnlöv; A. Larsson; V.S. Arsic Arsenijevic; A. Barac; A. Artaman; H. Asayesh; S. Atique; E.F.G.A. Avokpaho; A. Awasthi; B.P. Ayala Quintanilla; U. Bacha; M.C. Bahit; K. Balakrishnan; S.L. Barker-Collo; S. Mohammed; S. Basu; Y.T. Bayou; S. Bazargan-Hejazi; J. Beardsley; N. Bedi; T. Bekele; M.L. Bell; B.J. Biroscak; J.J. Huang; I.S. Santos; I.M. Bensenor; P.A. Lotufo; A. Berhane; C.D. Wolfe; E. Bernabé; A.S. Beyene; S. Biadgilign; B. Bikbov; A.A. Bin Abdulhak; E. Bjertness; A.S. Htet; M. Brainin; A. Brazinova; M. Majdan; J. Shen; N.J.K. Breitborde; T.S. Brugha; Z.A. Butt; R. Cárdenas; S. Fereshtehnejad; M. Kivipelto; E. Weiderpass; R. Havmoeller; S. Sindi; C.A. Castañeda-Orjuela; C.A. Castañedaorjuela; R.E. Castro; F. Catalá-López; F. Cavalleri; V. Colistro; H. Chang; J. Chang; L. Chavan; C.E. Chibueze; V.H. Chisumpa; C.C. Mapoma; F. Masiye; J.J. Choi; R. Chowdhury; D.J. Christopher; M. Cirillo; L.T. Cooper; T. Dahiru; A. Damasceno; H. Danawi; A.H. Refaat; J Das Neves; J.V. Santos; D. De Leo; R.P. Dellavalle; K. Deribe; A.D. Hailu; W. Tefera; A.Z. Giref; T. Jibat; G Temam Shifa; D.C. Des Jarlais; S.D. Dharmaratne; M. Dubey; M.H.U. Rahman; U. Ram; A. Singh; A.K. Yadav; C.L. Ellingsen; M. Savic; V. Skirbekk; I. Elyazar; S.P. Ermakov; S. Soshnikov; B. Eshrati; F. Farzadfar; A. Kasaeian; F. Pishgar; A. Esteghamati; N. Hafezi-Nejad; S. Sheikhbahaei; A. Khosravi; R. Malekzadeh; G. Roshandel; S.G. Sepanlou; V. Rahimi-Movaghar; T.A. Farid; A.R. Khan; C.S.E.S. Farinha; A. Faro; J.C. Fernandes; F. Fischer; N. Foigt; E.B. Franca; R.C. Franklin; T. Fürst; A. Majeed; K. Gambashidze; K. Kazanjan; M. Kereselidze; I. Khonelidze; M. Shakh-Nazarova; L. Sturua; A. Gamkrelidze; T. Gebre; J.M. Geleijnse; M. Giroud; M.D. Gishu; A.K. Tura; E. Glaser; P. Gona; A. Goodridge; S.V. Gopalani; A. Goto; H.C. Gugnani; R. Gupta; V. Gupta; A.D. Hailu; O.F. Norheim; R.R. Hamadeh; S. Hamidi; A.J. Handal; G.J. Hankey; S. Harikrishnan; H.W. Hoek; M. Horino; N. Horita; H.D. Hosgood; D.G. Hoy; G. Hu; H. Huang; I. Huybrechts; K.M. Iburg; B.T. Idrisov; V.J. Iyer; K.H. Jacobsen; N. Jahanmehr; M.B. Jakovljevic; M. Javanbakht; A.U. Jayatilleke; S.H. Jee; D.K. Lal; S. Zodpey; G. Jiang; Y. Jiang; J.B. Jonas; Z. Kabir; R. Kamal; C.N. Kesavachandran; J. She; H. Kan; A. Karch; D. Karletsos; A. Kaul; N. Kawakami; K. Shibuya; J.F. Kayibanda; D.S. Kazi; P.N. Keiyoro; A.P. Kengne; C.S. Wiysonge; K. Sliwa; A. Keren; Y.S. Khader; E.A. Khan; Y.H. Khang; S. Won; J. Khubchandani; Y.J. Kim; Y. Kokubo; S. Kosen; P.A. Koul; A. Koyanagi; S. Krishnaswami; B Kuate Defo; B Kucuk Bicer; H. Lam; Q. Lan; D.O. Laryea; R. Leung; S.E. Lipshultz; J.D. Wilkinson; E.P. Simard; Y. Liu; M.R. Phillips; Q. Xiao; B.K. Lloyd; R. Lunevicius; D. Pope; S. Ma; H Magdy Abd El Razek; M Magdy Abd El Razek; W. Marcenes; P.A. Meaney; D.J. Margolis; M.B. Marzan; A.J. Mason-Jones; T.T. Mazorodze; A. Mehari; M.M. Mehndiratta; S.M. Woldeyohannes; B.A. Tedla; Z.A. Memish; W. Mendoza; T.J. Meretoja; F.A. Mhimbira; T.R. Miller; E.J. Mills; N. Mohamed Ibrahim; K.A. Mohammad; A. Mohammadi; G.L.D. Mola; L. Monasta; M. Montico; L. Ronfani; J.D. Monis; A.R. Moore; M. Moradilakeh; L. Morawska; R.E. Norman; R. Mori; A. Werdecker; U.O. Mueller; R. Westerman; S. Murthy; F. Pourmalek; J.B. Nachega; A.J. Paternina Caicedo; S. Seedat; B.X. Tran; A. Naheed; L. Naldi; G. Remuzzi; D. Nand; V. Nangia; D. Nash; S. Neupane; J.N. Newton; F.N. Ngalesoni; P. Nguhiu; Q.L. Nguyen; M. Nomura; L. Nyakarahuka; C.M. Obermeyer; F.A. Ogbo; I. Oh; P.R. Olivares; B.O. Olusanya; J.O. Olusanya; J.N. Opio; E. Oren; E. Ota; A.S. Oyekale; P.A. Mahesh; N. Papantoniou; V. Stathopoulou; E. Park; H. Park; S.B. Patten; V.K. Paul; A. Roy; R. Sagar; M. Satpathy; D.M. Pereira; M. Cortinovis; N. Perico; K. Pesudovs; M. Petzold; J.D. Pillay; S. Polinder; M. Qorbani; A. Rafay; M. Rahman; S.U. Rahman; R.K. Rai; C.L. Ranabhat; T. Rangaswamy; P.V. Rao; S. Resnikoff; D. Rojas-Rueda; G.M. Ruhago; B.F. Sunguya; M.M. Saleh; J.R. Sanabria; M.D. Sanchez-Niño; R. Sarmiento-Suarez; B. Sartorius; M. Sawhney; M.I. Saylan; I.J.C. Schneider; D.A.S. Silva; E.E. Servan-Mori; M.A. Shaikh; R. Sharma; M. Shin; S. Yoon; R. Shiri; K. Shishani; I. Shiue; I.D. Sigfusdottir; D.G.A. Silveira; J.I. Silverberg; Y. Yano; O.P. Singh; P.K. Singh; V. Singh; S. Soneji; J.B. Soriano; L.A. Sposato; C.T. Sreeramareddy; K. Stroumpoulis; S. Swaminathan; B.L. Sykes; R. Tabarés-Seisdedos; K.M. Tabb; R.T. Talongwa; M. Tavakkoli; B. Taye; A.Y. Endries; G. Temam Shifa; A.J. Thomson; R. Tobe-Gai; R. Topor-Madry; J.A. Towbin; Z. Tsala Dimbuene; S. Tyrovolas; K.N. Ukwaja; O.A. Uthman; T. Vasankari; N. Venketasubramanian; F.S. Violante; S.K. Vladimirov; V.V. Vlassov; S. Weichenthal; M. Wubshet; G. Xu; B. Yakob; P. Yip; N. Yonemoto; M.Z. Younis; C. Yu; Z. Zaidi; M.E. Zaki; H. Zeeb; L.J. Zuhlke
Background In transitioning from the Millennium Development Goal to the Sustainable Development Goal era, it is imperative to comprehensively assess progress toward reducing maternal mortality to identify areas of success, remaining challenges, and frame policy discussions. We aimed to quantify maternal mortality throughout the world by underlying cause and age from 1990 to 2015. Methods We estimated maternal mortality at the global, regional, and national levels from 1990 to 2015 for ages 10–54 years by systematically compiling and processing all available data sources from 186 of 195 countries and territories, 11 of which were analysed at the subnational level. We quantified eight underlying causes of maternal death and four timing categories, improving estimation methods since GBD 2013 for adult all-cause mortality, HIV-related maternal mortality, and late maternal death. Secondary analyses then allowed systematic examination of drivers of trends, including the relation between maternal mortality and coverage of specific reproductive health-care services as well as assessment of observed versus expected maternal mortality as a function of Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a summary indicator derived from measures of income per capita, educational attainment, and fertility. Findings Only ten countries achieved MDG 5, but 122 of 195 countries have already met SDG 3.1. Geographical disparities widened between 1990 and 2015 and, in 2015, 24 countries still had a maternal mortality ratio greater than 400. The proportion of all maternal deaths occurring in the bottom two SDI quintiles, where haemorrhage is the dominant cause of maternal death, increased from roughly 68% in 1990 to more than 80% in 2015. The middle SDI quintile improved the most from 1990 to 2015, but also has the most complicated causal profile. Maternal mortality in the highest SDI quintile is mostly due to other direct maternal disorders, indirect maternal disorders, and abortion, ectopic pregnancy, and/or miscarriage. Historical patterns suggest achievement of SDG 3.1 will require 91% coverage of one antenatal care visit, 78% of four antenatal care visits, 81% of in-facility delivery, and 87% of skilled birth attendance. Interpretation Several challenges to improving reproductive health lie ahead in the SDG era. Countries should establish or renew systems for collection and timely dissemination of health data; expand coverage and improve quality of family planning services, including access to contraception and safe abortion to address high adolescent fertility; invest in improving health system capacity, including coverage of routine reproductive health care and of more advanced obstetric care—including EmOC; adapt health systems and data collection systems to monitor and reverse the increase in indirect, other direct, and late maternal deaths, especially in high SDI locations; and examine their own performance with respect to their SDI level, using that information to formulate strategies to improve performance and ensure optimum reproductive health of their population. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2016 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY license
Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015
(Lancet Publishing Group, 2016) H. Wang; M. Naghavi; C. Allen; R.M. Barber; A. Carter; D.C. Casey; F.J. Charlson; A.Z. Chen; M.M. Coates; M. Coggeshall; L. Dandona; D.J. Dicker; H.E. Erskine; A.J. Ferrari; C. Fitzmaurice; K. Foreman; M.H. Forouzanfar; M.S. Fraser; N. Fullman; E.M. Goldberg; N. Graetz; J.A. Haagsma; S.I. Hay; C. Huynh; C.O. Johnson; N.J. Kassebaum; X.R. Kulikoff; M. Kutz; H.H. Kyu; H.J. Larson; J. Leung; S.S. Lim; M. Lind; R. Lozano; N. Marquez; J. Mikesell; A.H. Mokdad; M.D. Mooney; G. Nguyen; E. Nsoesie; D.M. Pigott; C. Pinho; G.A. Roth; L. Sandar; N. Silpakit; A. Sligar; R.J.D. Sorensen; J. Stanaway; C. Steiner; S. Teeple; B.A. Thomas; C. Troeger; A. VanderZanden; S.E. Vollset; V. Wanga; H.A. Whiteford; T. Wolock; L. Zoeckler; T. Achoki; A. Afshin; L.T. Alexander; G.M. Anderson; B. Bell; S. Biryukov; J.D. Blore; A. Brown; J. Brown; K. Cercy; A. Chew; A.J. Cohen; F. Daoud; E. Dossou; K. Estep; A. Flaxman; J. Friedman; J. Frostad; W.W. Godwin; J. Hancock; L. Kemmer; I.A. Khalil; P.Y. Liu; F. Masiye; A. Millear; M. Mirarefin; A. Misganaw; M. Moradi-Lakeh; K. Morgan; M. Ng; A. Pain; J. Quame-Amaglo; P. Rao; M.B. Reitsma; K.A. Shackelford; P. Sur; J.A. Wagner; T. Vos; A.D. Lopez; C.J.L. Murray; R.G. Ellenbogen; C.N. Mock; D.A. Quistberg; B.O. Anderson; C.D. Blosser; N.D. Futran; S.R. Heckbert; P.N. Jensen; T.J. Montine; D.L. Tirschwell; D.A. Watkins; Z.A. Bhutta; M.I. Nisar; N. Akseer; N.K.M. Alam; L.D. Knibbs; R. Lalloo; H.N. Gouda; J.J. McGrath; P. Jeemon; R. Dandona; G.A. Kumar; P.W. Gething; C. Cooper; S.C. Darby; A. Deribew; R. Ali; D.A. Bennett; V. Jha; K. Rahimi; Y. Kinfu; I.D.A. Faghmous; S.M. Langan; M. McKee; G.V.S. Murthy; N. Pearce; B. Roberts; I.R. Campos-Nonato; J.C. Campuzano; H. Gomez-Dantes; I.B. Heredia-Pi; F. Mejia-Rodriguez; J.C. Montañez Hernandez; P. Montero; M.J. Rios Blancas; E.E. Servan-Mori; S. Villalpando; L. Duan; S. Liu; L. Wang; P. Ye; X. Liang; S. Yu; G.A. Mensah; J.A. Salomon; A.L. Thorne-Lyman; O.N. Ajala; T. Bärnighausen; E.L. Ding; M.S. Farvid; G.R. Wagner; P. James; M. Osman; M.G. Shrime; J.R.A. Fitchett; A.K. Knudsen; C.L. Ellingsen; N.H. Krog; M. Savic; A.D. Hailu; O.F. Norheim; K.H. Abate; T.T. Gebrehiwot; A.T. Gebremedhin; C. Abbafati; K.M. Abbas; F. Abd-Allah; S.F. Abera; Y.A. Melaku; F.H. Tesfay; G.Y. Abyu; A.F. Aregay; B.D. Betsu; A.A. Gebru; G.B. Hailu; A.Z. Yalew; H.G. Yebyo; D.M.X. Abreu; E.B. Franca; L.J. Abu-Raddad; A.L. Adelekan; R.O. Akinyemi; F.A. Ojelabi; Z. Ademi; T. Fürst; P. Azzopardi; B.C. Cowie; K.B. Gibney; J.H. MacLachlan; A. Meretoja; K. Alam; R. Borschmann; S.M. Colquhoun; G.C. Patton; R.G. Weintraub; C.E.I. Szoeke; L. Vijayakumar; M.A. Bohensky; H.R. Taylor; T. Wijeratne; A.K. Adou; J.C. Adsuar; K.A. Afanvi; E.E. Agardh; J. Rehm; A. Badawi; M.P. Lindsay; S. Popova; A. Agarwal; A. Agrawal; P.J. Hotez; A. Ahmad; B. Norrving; A.S. Akanda; T.F. Akinyemiju; D.C. Schwebel; J.A. Singh; F.H. Al Lami; S. Alabed; Z. Al-Aly; T.R. Driscoll; A.H. Kemp; J. Leigh; A.B. Mekonnen; D. Alasfoor; S.F. Aldhahri; K.A. Altirkawi; A.S. Terkawi; R.W. Aldridge; A. Banerjee; T. Tillmann; M.A. Alegretti; A.V. Aleman; F. Cavalleri; V. Colistro; Z.A. Alemu; S. Alhabib; A. Alkerwi; F. Alla; P. Allebeck; J.J. Carrero; S. Fereshtehnejad; E. Weiderpass; R. Havmoeller; R. Al-Raddadi; U. Alsharif; E. Alvarez Martin; N. Alvis-Guzman; A.T. Amare; L.G. Ciobanu; G.A. Tessema; A.K. Amegah; A.A. Kudom; E.A. Ameh; H. Amini; C.K. Karema; W. Ammar; H.L. Harb; S.M. Amrock; H.H. Andersen; C.A.T. Antonio; E.J.A. Faraon; J. Ärnlöv; A. Larsson; V.S. Arsic Arsenijevic; A. Barac; A. Artaman; H. Asayesh; R.J. Asghar; S. Atique; E.F.G.A. Avokpaho; F.G. Gankpé; A. Awasthi; U. Bacha; M.C. Bahit; K. Balakrishnan; S.L. Barker-Collo; S. Mohammed; L. Barregard; M. Petzold; L.H. Barrero; A. Basu; S. Basu; Y.T. Bayou; S. Bazargan-Hejazi; J. Beardsley; N. Bedi; E. Beghi; K. Deribe; H.A. Belay; A.Z. Giref; D. Haile; T. Jibat; W.A.A. Manamo; W.M. Tefera; B.D. Yirsaw; K.N. Sheth; M.L. Bell; B.J. Biroscak; A.K. Bello; I.S. Santos; I.M. Bensenor; P.A. Lotufo; A. Berhane; C.D.A. Wolfe; E. Bernabé; A.S. Beyene; M.D. Gishu; N. Bhala; A. Bhalla; S. Biadgilign; B. Bikbov; A.A. Bin Abdulhak; E. Bjertness; A.S. Htet; D. Bose; R.R.A. Bourne; M. Brainin; C.E.G. Brayne; A. Brazinova; M. Majdan; J. Shen; N.J.K. Breitborde; H. Brenner; B. Schöttker; J.D. Brewer; T.S. Brugha; G.C. Buckle; R.A. Gosselin; Z.A. Butt; B. Calabria; A. Lal; R.M. Lucas; L. Degenhardt; S. Resnikoff; J.R. Carapetis; R. Cárdenas; D.O. Carpenter; C.A. Castañeda-Orjuela; J. Castillo Rivas; F. Catalá-López; J. Cerda; W. Chen; P.P. Chiang; M. Chibalabala; C.E. Chibueze; R. Mori; O. Chimed-Ochir; Y. Jiang; K. Takahashi; V.H. Chisumpa; C.C. Mapoma; J.J. Choi; R. Chowdhury; H. Christensen; D.J. Christopher; M. Cirillo; M. Colomar; L.T. Cooper; J.A. Crump; R.G. Poulton; J. Damsere-Derry; H. Danawi; A.H. Refaat; P.I. Dargan; J. das Neves; J. Massano; J.M. Pedro; G. Davey; A.C. Davis; F. Greaves; J.N. Newton; D.V. Davitoiu; E.F. de Castro; P. de Jager; D. De; R.P. Dellavalle; S.D. Dharmaratne; P.K. Dhillon; P. Ganguly; D.K. Lal; S. Zodpey; C. Diaz-Torné; K.P.B. dos Santos; M. Dubey; M.H.U. Rahman; A. Singh; B.B. Duncan; C. Kieling; M.I. Schmidt; I. Elyazar; A.Y. Endries; S.P. Ermakov; B. Eshrati; A. Esteghamati; N. Hafezi-Nejad; S. Fahimi; R. Malekzadeh; G. Roshandel; S.G. Sepanlou; F. Farzadfar; A. Kasaeian; M. Parsaeian; P. Heydarpour; V. Rahimi-Movaghar; S. Sheikhbahaei; M. Yaseri; T.A. Farid; A.R. Khan; C.S.E.S. Farinha; A. Faro; V.L. Feigin; B.J. Te Ao; J.G. Fernandes; J.C. Fernandes; F. Fischer; N. Foigt; I. Shiue; F.G.R. Fowkes; R.C. Franklin; F.B. Piel; A. Majeed; S.L. Gall; K. Gambashidze; A. Gamkrelidze; M. Kereselidze; M. Shakh-Nazarova; V.J. Iyer; T. Gebre; J.M. Geleijnse; B.D. Gessner; A.G. Ghoshal; R.F. Gillum; A. Mehari; S. Gilmour; M. Inoue; N. Kawakami; K. Shibuya; M. Giroud; E. Glaser; Y.A. Halasa; D.S. Shepard; E.A. Undurraga; P. Gona; A. Goodridge; S.V. Gopalani; C.C. Gotay; N. Kissoon; J.A. Kopec; S. Murthy; F. Pourmalek; A. Goto; H.C. Gugnani; R. Gupta; R. Gupta; V. Gupta; R.A. Gutiérrez; R.R. Hamadeh; S. Hamidi; A.J. Handal; G.J. Hankey; P.E. Norman; Y. Hao; S. Harikrishnan; J.M. Haro; H.B. Hilderink; H.W. Hoek; A.K. Tura; R.S. Hogg; M. Horino; N. Horita; H.D. Hosgood; D.G. Hoy; M. Hsairi; M.M.T. Htike; G. Hu; C. Huang; H. Huang; L. Huiart; A. Husseini; I. Huybrechts; G. Huynh; K.M. Iburg; K. Innos; T.A. Jacobs; K.H. Jacobsen; N. Jahanmehr; M. Katibeh; Z. Rajavi; M.B. Jakovljevic; M. Javanbakht; S.P. Jayaraman; A.U. Jayatilleke; D. Prabhakaran; G. Jiang; A. Jimenez-Corona; J.B. Jonas; T.K. Joshi; Z. Kabir; R. Kamal; C.N. Kesavachandran; J. She; Z. Shen; H. Zhang; H. Kan; S. Kant; A. Karch; C. Karimkhani; D. Karletsos; G. Karthikeyan; N. Naik; V.K. Paul; A. Roy; R. Sagar; M. Satpathy; N. Tandon; A. Kaul; J.F. Kayibanda; P.N. Keiyoro; R.A. Lyons; C.D. Parry; A.P. Kengne; R. Matzopoulos; C.S. Wiysonge; D.J. Stein; B.M. Mayosi; A. Keren; Y.S. Khader; E.A. Khan; Y.H. Khang; S. Won; S. Khera; M. Tavakkoli; T.A.M. Khoja; D. Kim; Y.J. Kim; B.M. Kissela; Y. Kokubo; D. Kolte; S.T. McGarvey; S. Kosen; P.A. Koul; A. Koyanagi; B. Kuate Defo; B. Kucuk Bicer; E.J. Kuipers; V.S. Kulkarni; G.F. Kwan; S.R. Rao; H. Lam; J.O. Lam; J.B. Nachega; B.X. Tran; V.C. Lansingh; D.O. Laryea; A.A. Latif; A.E.B. Lawrynowicz; M. Levi; Y. Li; S.E. Lipshultz; J.D. Wilkinson; E.P. Simard; Y. Liu; M.R. Phillips; Q. Xiao; L. Lo; G. Logroscino; R. Lunevicius; S. Ma; V.M. Machado; M.T. Mackay; H. Magdy Abd El Razek; M. Magdy Abd El Razek; J. Mandisarisa; S. Mangalam; W. Marcenes; P.A. Meaney; D.J. Margolis; D.H. Silberberg; G.R. Martin; J. Martinez-Raga; M.B. Marzan; A.J. Mason-Jones; B.J. McMahon; M.M. Mehndiratta; S.M. Woldeyohannes; B.A. Tedla; B.M. Zeleke; P. Memiah; Z.A. Memish; W. Mendoza; T.J. Meretoja; T. Lallukka; F.A. Mhimbira; R. Micha; D. Mozaff; P. Shi; G.M. Singh; T.R. Miller; K.A. Mohammad; A. Mohammadi; V. Mohan; G.L.D. Mola; L. Monasta; M. Montico; L. Ronfani; L. Morawska; A. Werdecker; U.O. Mueller; R. Westerman; K.I. Musa; A.J. Paternina; S. Seedat; G. Nagel; D. Rothenbacher; K.S. Naidoo; B. Sartorius; L. Naldi; G. Remuzzi; V. Nangia; D. Nash; C. Nejjari; S. Neupane; C.R. Newton; F.N. Ngalesoni; J.D. Ngirabega; Q.L. Nguyen; P.M. Nkamedjie Pete; M. Nomura; L. Nyakarahuka; F.A. Ogbo; T. Ohkubo; P.R. Olivares; B.O. Olusanya; J.O. Olusanya; J.N. Opio; E. Oren; A. Ortiz; E. Ota; R. Ozdemir; P.A. Mahesh; J.D. Pandian; P.R. Pant; C. Papachristou; E. Park; J. Park; S.B. Patten; M. Tonelli; L. Stokic Pejin; D.M. Pereira; M. Cortinovis; G. Giussani; N. Perico; K. Pesudovs; J.D. Pillay; D. Plass; J.A. Platts-Mills; S. Polinder; C.A. Pope; M. Qorbani; A. Rafay; S.M. Rana; M. Rahman; S.U. Rahman; R.K. Rai; S. Rajsic; M. Raju; I. Rakovac; C.L. Ranabhat; T. Rangaswamy; A.L. Ribeiro; S. Ricci; A. Roca; D. Rojas-Rueda; N.K. Roy; G.M. Ruhago; B.F. Sunguya; S. Saha; R. Sahathevan; M.M. Saleh; J.R. Sanabria; M.D. Sanchez-Niño; L. Sanchez-Riera; R. Sarmiento-Suarez; M. Sawhney; M.P. Schaub; I.J.C. Schneider; D.A.S. Silva; A.E. Schutte; G. Shaddick; A. Shaheen; S. Shahraz; M.A. Shaikh; R. Sharma; B.P. Shetty; M. Shin; R. Shiri; I.D. Sigfusdottir; D.G.A. Silveira; J.I. Silverberg; Y. Yano; O.P. Singh; P.K. Singh; V. Singh; S. Soneji; K. Søreide; J.B. Soriano; L.A. Sposato; C.T. Sreeramareddy; V. Stathopoulou; M.B. Stein; S. Stranges; K. Stroumpoulis; S. Swaminathan; B.L. Sykes; R. Tabarés-Seisdedos; K.M. Tabb; J.S. Takala; R.T. Talongwa; B. Taye; M. Ten Have; E.M. Tuzcu; A.J. Thomson; A.G. Thrift; G.D. Thurston; R. Topor-Madry; F. Topouzis; J.A. Towbin; J. Traebert; T. Truelsen; U. Trujillo; U.S. Uchendu; K.N. Ukwaja; O.A. Uthman; R. Van Dingenen; A. van Donkelaar; T. Vasankari; A.M.N. Vasconcelos; N. Venketasubramanian; R. Vidavalur; F.S. Violante; V.V. Vlassov; M.T. Wallin; S. Weichenthal; R.A. White; H.C. Williams; J.Q. Wong; A.D. Woolf; D. Xavier; G. Xu; B. Yakob; L.L. Yan; P. Yip; N. Yonemoto; G. Yonga; M.Z. Younis; Z. Zaidi; M.E. Zaki; F. Zannad; D.E. Zavala; H. Zeeb; D. Zonies; L.J. Zuhlke
Background Improving survival and extending the longevity of life for all populations requires timely, robust evidence on local mortality levels and trends. The Global Burden of Disease 2015 Study (GBD 2015) provides a comprehensive assessment of all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes in 195 countries and territories from 1980 to 2015. These results informed an in-depth investigation of observed and expected mortality patterns based on sociodemographic measures. Methods We estimated all-cause mortality by age, sex, geography, and year using an improved analytical approach originally developed for GBD 2013 and GBD 2010. Improvements included refinements to the estimation of child and adult mortality and corresponding uncertainty, parameter selection for under-5 mortality synthesis by spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression, and sibling history data processing. We also expanded the database of vital registration, survey, and census data to 14 294 geography–year datapoints. For GBD 2015, eight causes, including Ebola virus disease, were added to the previous GBD cause list for mortality. We used six modelling approaches to assess cause-specific mortality, with the Cause of Death Ensemble Model (CODEm) generating estimates for most causes. We used a series of novel analyses to systematically quantify the drivers of trends in mortality across geographies. First, we assessed observed and expected levels and trends of cause-specific mortality as they relate to the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a summary indicator derived from measures of income per capita, educational attainment, and fertility. Second, we examined factors affecting total mortality patterns through a series of counterfactual scenarios, testing the magnitude by which population growth, population age structures, and epidemiological changes contributed to shifts in mortality. Finally, we attributed changes in life expectancy to changes in cause of death. We documented each step of the GBD 2015 estimation processes, as well as data sources, in accordance with Guidelines for Accurate and Transparent Health Estimates Reporting (GATHER). Findings Globally, life expectancy from birth increased from 61·7 years (95% uncertainty interval 61·4–61·9) in 1980 to 71·8 years (71·5–72·2) in 2015. Several countries in sub-Saharan Africa had very large gains in life expectancy from 2005 to 2015, rebounding from an era of exceedingly high loss of life due to HIV/AIDS. At the same time, many geographies saw life expectancy stagnate or decline, particularly for men and in countries with rising mortality from war or interpersonal violence. From 2005 to 2015, male life expectancy in Syria dropped by 11·3 years (3·7–17·4), to 62·6 years (56·5–70·2). Total deaths increased by 4·1% (2·6–5·6) from 2005 to 2015, rising to 55·8 million (54·9 million to 56·6 million) in 2015, but age-standardised death rates fell by 17·0% (15·8–18·1) during this time, underscoring changes in population growth and shifts in global age structures. The result was similar for non-communicable diseases (NCDs), with total deaths from these causes increasing by 14·1% (12·6–16·0) to 39·8 million (39·2 million to 40·5 million) in 2015, whereas age-standardised rates decreased by 13·1% (11·9–14·3). Globally, this mortality pattern emerged for several NCDs, including several types of cancer, ischaemic heart disease, cirrhosis, and Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. By contrast, both total deaths and age-standardised death rates due to communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional conditions significantly declined from 2005 to 2015, gains largely attributable to decreases in mortality rates due to HIV/AIDS (42·1%, 39·1–44·6), malaria (43·1%, 34·7–51·8), neonatal preterm birth complications (29·8%, 24·8–34·9), and maternal disorders (29·1%, 19·3–37·1). Progress was slower for several causes, such as lower respiratory infections and nutritional deficiencies, whereas deaths increased for others, including dengue and drug use disorders. Age-standardised death rates due to injuries significantly declined from 2005 to 2015, yet interpersonal violence and war claimed increasingly more lives in some regions, particularly in the Middle East. In 2015, rotaviral enteritis (rotavirus) was the leading cause of under-5 deaths due to diarrhoea (146 000 deaths, 118 000–183 000) and pneumococcal pneumonia was the leading cause of under-5 deaths due to lower respiratory infections (393 000 deaths, 228 000–532 000), although pathogen-specific mortality varied by region. Globally, the effects of population growth, ageing, and changes in age-standardised death rates substantially differed by cause. Our analyses on the expected associations between cause-specific mortality and SDI show the regular shifts in cause of death composition and population age structure with rising SDI. Country patterns of premature mortality (measured as years of life lost [YLLs]) and how they differ from the level expected on the basis of SDI alone revealed distinct but highly heterogeneous patterns by region and country or territory. Ischaemic heart disease, stroke, and diabetes were among the leading causes of YLLs in most regions, but in many cases, intraregional results sharply diverged for ratios of observed and expected YLLs based on SDI. Communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional diseases caused the most YLLs throughout sub-Saharan Africa, with observed YLLs far exceeding expected YLLs for countries in which malaria or HIV/AIDS remained the leading causes of early death. Interpretation At the global scale, age-specific mortality has steadily improved over the past 35 years; this pattern of general progress continued in the past decade. Progress has been faster in most countries than expected on the basis of development measured by the SDI. Against this background of progress, some countries have seen falls in life expectancy, and age-standardised death rates for some causes are increasing. Despite progress in reducing age-standardised death rates, population growth and ageing mean that the number of deaths from most non-communicable causes are increasing in most countries, putting increased demands on health systems. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2016 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY license
Investigation of an intruder band in 45 Sc via coulomb excitation ∗
(Jagellonian University, 2019) M. Matejska-Minda; R. Kumar; P.J. Napiorkowski; M. Saxena; S. Dutt; A. Agarwal; I. Ahmed; S. Bhattacharya; A. Jhingan; J. Kaur; M. Kicińska-Habior; M. Kumar; S. Kumar; D. Kumar; V. Nanal; R. Palit; N.K. Rai; M. Shuaib; A. Sood; A. Stolarz; T. Trivedi; A.K. Tyagi; R.K. Bhowmik; H.J. Wollersheim
In order to gain further information on the electromagnetic properties of the low-lying states in 45 Sc, a Coulomb excitation measurement was carried out at the IUAC, New Delhi. The 45 Sc target nuclei were Coulomb excited by the 70 MeV 32 S beam from the 15UD tandem accelerator. The γ-rays depopulating Coulomb excited states in 45 Sc were detected by four Clover detectors in coincidence with the forward scattered ions. The main aim of the experiment was to determine the B(E3; 7/2 − → 3/2 + ) and B(E3; 7/2 − → 5/2 + ) transition probabilities, as well as the transitional electromagnetic matrix elements for low-lying intruder states. © 2019 Jagellonian University. All Rights Reserved.
Measuring the health-related Sustainable Development Goals in 188 countries: a baseline analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015
(Lancet Publishing Group, 2016) S.S. Lim; K. Allen; L. Dandona; M.H. Forouzanfar; N. Fullman; E.M. Goldberg; S.I. Hay; M. Holmberg; M.J. Kutz; H.J. Larson; A.D. Lopez; C.R. McNellan; A.H. Mokdad; M.D. Mooney; M. Naghavi; H.E. Olsen; D.M. Pigott; T. Vos; H. Wang; T. Achoki; A. Afshin; C. Allen; G.M. Anderson; R. Barber; K.A. Bienhoff; J. Blore; M. Brauer; A. Carter; D. Casey; F.J. Charlson; A.Z. Chen; M.M. Coates; M. Coggeshall; A.J. Cohen; A. Deshpande; H.E. Erskine; A.J. Ferrari; C. Fitzmaurice; K. Foreman; M. Fraser; J. Friedman; J. Frostad; W. Godwin; N. Graetz; M. Griswold; J.A. Haagsma; A. Haakenstad; N.J. Kassebaum; L. Kemmer; X.R. Kulikoff; H.H. Kyu; J. Leung; M. Lind; P.Y. Liu; F. Masiye; M. Mirarefin; A. Misganaw; M. Moradi-Lakeh; G. Nguyen; C. Pinho; P.C. Rao; M.B. Reitsma; G.A. Roth; D.F. Santomauro; K. Shackelford; N. Silpakit; A. Sligar; R.J.D. Sorensen; J.D. Stanaway; C. Steiner; P. Sur; S.E. Vollset; V. Wanga; H.A. Whiteford; Y. Zhao; M. Zhou; C.J.L. Murray; G.A. Kotsakis; C.N. Mock; B.O. Anderson; D.A. Watkins; Z.A. Bhutta; M.I. Nisar; N. Akseer; G.A. deVeber; P. Jeemon; R. Dandona; G.A. Kumar; P.W. Gething; D. Bisanzio; C. Cooper; R. Ali; D.A. Bennett; V. Jha; D.J. Weiss; Y. Kinfu; V. Patel; S.M. Langan; M. McKee; G.V.S. Murthy; B. Roberts; H. Stöckl; L. Duan; Y. Jin; Y. Li; S. Liu; L. Wang; P. Ye; X. Liang; P. Azzopardi; B.C. Cowie; A. Meretoja; G.C. Patton; K. Alam; R.G. Weintraub; S.M. Sawyer; C.E.I. Szoeke; H.R. Taylor; R. Lozano; T. Barrientos-Gutierrez; I.R. Campos-Nonato; J.C. Campuzano; I.B. Heredia-Pi; J.C. Montañez Hernandez; M.J. Rios Blancas; E.E. Servan-Mori; T. Shamah Levy; J.A. Salomon; A. Binagwaho; T. Bärnighausen; L.E. Cahill; E.L. Ding; M.S. Farvid; G.R. Wagner; A.L. Thorne-Lyman; P. James; J.R.A. Fitchett; A.A. Abajobir; L.D. Knibbs; J.L. Veerman; R. Lalloo; H.N. Gouda; Y. Guo; J.J. McGrath; K.H. Abate; T.T. Gebrehiwot; A.T. Gebremedhin; C. Abbafati; K.M. Abbas; F. Abd-Allah; A.M. Abdulle; B. Abraham; I. Abubakar; R.W. 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Andersen; C.A.T. Antonio; P. Anwari; J. Ärnlöv; A. Larsson; A. Artaman; H. Asayesh; R.J. Asghar; S. Atique; E.F.G.A. Avokpaho; A. Awasthi; B.P. Ayala Quintanilla; U. Bacha; K. Balakrishnan; A. Barac; S.L. Barker-Collo; S. Mohammed; L.H. Barrero; S. Basu; L.C. Del; S. Bazargan-Hejazi; J. Beardsley; N. Bedi; E. Beghi; Y. Béjot; K.N. Sheth; M.L. Bell; A.K. Bello; I.S. Santos; I.M. Bensenor; P.A. Lotufo; A. Berhane; C.D. Wolfe; E. Bernabé; I. Wolfe; O.A. Bernal; H.S. Roba; A.S. Beyene; Y.M. Mesfin; N. Bhala; S. Bhatt; S. Biadgilign; B. Bikbov; S. Soneji; E. Bjertness; A.S. Htet; R.R.A. Bourne; M. Brainin; H. Krueger; C.C. Gotay; N. Kissoon; S. Murthy; F. Pourmalek; A. Brazinova; M. Majdan; J. Shen; N.J.K. Breitborde; D.M. Broday; T.S. Brugha; R. Buchbinder; B. Gabbe; A.G. Thrift; Z.A. Butt; A. van Donkelaar; R.V. Martin; H. Carabin; R. Cárdenas; V. Caso; C.A. Castañeda-Orjuela; J. Castillo Rivas; F. Catalá-López; F. Cavalleri; P. Cecílio; J. das Neves; J. Massano; J.M. Pedro; H. Chang; J. Chang; X. Che; P.P. Chiang; M. Chibalabala; V.H. Chisumpa; C.C. Mapoma; J.J. Choi; R. Chowdhury; H. Christensen; M. Cirillo; F.B. Piel; A. Rodriguez; G.S. Cooke; A. Majeed; L.T. Cooper; J.A. Crump; S. Derrett; R.G. Poulton; S.A. Damtew; S.B. Workie; K. Deribe; W. Tefera; A.Z. Giref; D. Haile; G. Temam Shifa; P.I. Dargan; A.C. Davis; J.N. Newton; N. Steel; K. Davletov; E.F. de Castro; D. De Leo; L. Degenhardt; S. Resnikoff; P.B. Mitchell; D.C. Des Jarlais; S. Dey; P.K. Dhillon; D.K. Lal; S. Zodpey; S.D. Dharmaratne; E.R. Dorsey; K.E. Doyle; A.H. Kemp; M. Dubey; M.H.U. Rahman; U. Ram; A. Singh; R.K. Verma; A.K. Yadav; B.B. Duncan; C. Kieling; M.I. Schmidt; H. Ebrahimi; A. Esteghamati; F. Farzadfar; N. Hafezi-Nejad; A. Kasaeian; M. Parsaeian; F. Pishgar; S. Sheikhbahaei; S. Fahimi; R. Malekzadeh; G. Roshandel; S.G. Sepanlou; M.S. Hassanvand; A. Khosravi; V. Rahimi-Movaghar; A.Y. Endries; S.P. Ermakov; S. Soshnikov; B. Eshrati; T.A. Farid; A.R. Khan; C.S.E.S. Farinha; A. Faro; V.L. Feigin; M.M. Felicio; J.G. Fernandes; F. Fischer; N. Foigt; I. Shiue; F.G.R. Fowkes; E.B. Franca; R.C. Franklin; A.L. Garcia-Basteiro; T. Gebre; B.D. Gessner; R.F. Gillum; A. Mehari; I.A. Ginawi; M. Giroud; M.D. Gishu; A.K. Tura; P. Gona; A. Goodridge; S.V. Gopalani; A. Goto; M. Inoue; K.F. Greenwell; R. Gupta; R. Gupta; V. Gupta; R.A. Gutiérrez; B. Gyawali; K.M. Iburg; Y.A. Halasa; E.A. Undurraga; R.R. Hamadeh; S. Hamidi; M. Hammami; G.J. Hankey; J.M. Haro; H.W. Hoek; V. Skirbekk; M. Horino; N. Horita; H.D. Hosgood; D.G. Hoy; G. Hu; H. Huang; B.T. Idrisov; G.F. Kwan; N. Kawakami; K. Shibuya; F. Islami; T.A. Jacobs; K.H. Jacobsen; M.B. Jakovljevic; H.A.F. Jansen; M. Javanbakht; A.U. Jayatilleke; S.H. Jee; Y. Jiang; T. Jibat; J.B. Jonas; Z. Kabir; Y. Kalkonde; R. Kamal; C.N. Kesavachandran; J. She; H. Kan; A. Kandel; A. Karch; C. Karimkhani; P. Karunapema; A. Kaul; J.F. Kayibanda; P.N. Keiyoro; R. Matzopoulos; C.D. Parry; A.P. Kengne; C.S. Wiysonge; D.J. Stein; B.M. Mayosi; M. Shey; A. Keren; Y.S. Khader; E.A. Khan; G. Khan; Y.H. Khang; S. Won; T.A.M. Khoja; J. Khubchandani; C. Kim; D. Kim; S. Kim; Y.J. Kim; R.W. Kimokoti; Y. Kokubo; D. Kolte; S. Kosen; P.A. Koul; A. Koyanagi; M. Kravchenko; Y.Y. Varakin; B. Kuate Defo; R.S. Kuchenbecker; E.J. Kuipers; V.S. Kulkarni; A. Lal; R.M. Lucas; H. Lam; Q. Lan; D.O. Laryea; A.A. Latif; J.L. Leasher; M. Leinsalu; R. Leung; M. Levi; S. Linn; S.E. Lipshultz; J.D. Wilkinson; E.P. Simard; Y. Liu; M.R. Phillips; B.K. Lloyd; L. Lo; G. Logroscino; R. Lunevicius; M. Magdy; C. Magis-Rodriguez; M. Mahdavi; D.C. Malta; P.A. Meaney; D.J. Margolis; J. Martinez-Raga; A.J. Mason-Jones; B.A. Tedla; P. Memiah; Z.A. Memish; W. Mendoza; G.B.M. Mensink; T.J. Meretoja; F.A. Mhimbira; T.R. Miller; E.J. Mills; A. Mohammadi; L. Monasta; M. Montico; L. Ronfani; J.D. Monis; L. Morawska; J. Sun; R. Mori; A. Werdecker; U.O. Mueller; R. Westerman; M.E. Murdoch; B. Murimira; J. Murray; K.I. Musa; J.B. Nachega; S. Seedat; B.X. Tran; G. Nagel; D. Rothenbacher; K.S. Naidoo; O. Oladimeji; B. Sartorius; E.A. Zegeye; L. Naldi; G. Remuzzi; V. Nangia; C. Nejjari; C.R. Newton; F.N. Ngalesoni; P. Nguhiu; Q.L. Nguyen; P.M. Nkamedjie; S. Nolte; R.H. Osborne; M. Nomura; O.F. Norheim; C.M. Obermeyer; F.A. Ogbo; I. Oh; P.R. Olivares; B.O. Olusanya; J.O. Olusanya; J.N. Opio; E. Oren; A. Ortiz; E. Ota; P.A. Mahesh; E. Park; H. Park; T. Patel; S.T. Patil; S.B. Patten; M. Tonelli; D. Paudel; D.M. Pereira; N. Perico; K. Pesudovs; M. Petzold; J.D. Pillay; S. Polinder; M. Qorbani; A. Radfar; M. Rahman; S.U. Rahman; R.K. Rai; S. Rajsic; M. Raju; S.M. Rana; C.L. Ranabhat; K. Ranganathan; A.H. Refaat; A.L. Ribeiro; D. Rojas-Rueda; A. Roy; R. Sagar; M. Satpathy; B.B. Sackey; M.M. Saleh; J.R. Sanabria; R. Sarmiento-Suarez; M. Savic; M. Sawhney; J. Schmidhuber; I.J.C. Schneider; D.A.S. Silva; A.E. Schutte; A. Shaheen; M.A. Shaikh; R. Sharma; M. Shigematsu; M. Shin; S. Yoon; R. Shiri; K. Shishani; I.D. Sigfusdottir; J.I. Silverberg; Y. Yano; O.P. Singh; P.K. Singh; K. Søreide; J.B. Soriano; L.A. Sposato; C.T. Sreeramareddy; H. Stahl; V. Stathopoulou; N. Steckling; S. Stranges; M. Strong; B.F. Sunguya; S. Swaminathan; B.L. Sykes; R. Tabarés-Seisdedos; K.M. Tabb; R.T. Talongwa; M.R. Tarawneh; M. Tavakkoli; B. Taye; E.M. Tuzcu; J. Thakur; A.J. Thomson; G.D. Thurston; R. Tobe-Gai; R. Topor-Madry; F. Topouzis; Z. Tsala Dimbuene; S. Tyrovolas; K.N. Ukwaja; C.J. Uneke; O.A. Uthman; T. Vasankari; A.M.N. Vasconcelos; N. Venketasubramanian; F.S. Violante; V.V. Vlassov; P. Volkow; M.T. Wallin; S. Weichenthal; A.D. Woolf; M. Wubshet; G. Xu; B. Yakob; L.L. Yan; P. Yip; N. Yonemoto; M.Z. Younis; C. Yu; Z. Zaidi; M.E. Zaki; C. Zambrana-Torrelio; T. Zapata; D. Zonies
Background In September, 2015, the UN General Assembly established the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The SDGs specify 17 universal goals, 169 targets, and 230 indicators leading up to 2030. We provide an analysis of 33 health-related SDG indicators based on the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2015 (GBD 2015). Methods We applied statistical methods to systematically compiled data to estimate the performance of 33 health-related SDG indicators for 188 countries from 1990 to 2015. We rescaled each indicator on a scale from 0 (worst observed value between 1990 and 2015) to 100 (best observed). Indices representing all 33 health-related SDG indicators (health-related SDG index), health-related SDG indicators included in the Millennium Development Goals (MDG index), and health-related indicators not included in the MDGs (non-MDG index) were computed as the geometric mean of the rescaled indicators by SDG target. We used spline regressions to examine the relations between the Socio-demographic Index (SDI, a summary measure based on average income per person, educational attainment, and total fertility rate) and each of the health-related SDG indicators and indices. Findings In 2015, the median health-related SDG index was 59·3 (95% uncertainty interval 56·8–61·8) and varied widely by country, ranging from 85·5 (84·2–86·5) in Iceland to 20·4 (15·4–24·9) in Central African Republic. SDI was a good predictor of the health-related SDG index (r2=0·88) and the MDG index (r2=0·92), whereas the non-MDG index had a weaker relation with SDI (r2=0·79). Between 2000 and 2015, the health-related SDG index improved by a median of 7·9 (IQR 5·0–10·4), and gains on the MDG index (a median change of 10·0 [6·7–13·1]) exceeded that of the non-MDG index (a median change of 5·5 [2·1–8·9]). Since 2000, pronounced progress occurred for indicators such as met need with modern contraception, under-5 mortality, and neonatal mortality, as well as the indicator for universal health coverage tracer interventions. Moderate improvements were found for indicators such as HIV and tuberculosis incidence, minimal changes for hepatitis B incidence took place, and childhood overweight considerably worsened. Interpretation GBD provides an independent, comparable avenue for monitoring progress towards the health-related SDGs. Our analysis not only highlights the importance of income, education, and fertility as drivers of health improvement but also emphasises that investments in these areas alone will not be sufficient. Although considerable progress on the health-related MDG indicators has been made, these gains will need to be sustained and, in many cases, accelerated to achieve the ambitious SDG targets. The minimal improvement in or worsening of health-related indicators beyond the MDGs highlight the need for additional resources to effectively address the expanded scope of the health-related SDGs. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2016 The Authors(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY license
Nutritional status of rural non-pregnant non-lactating women in reproductive age
(1998) M. Srivastava; D.K. Agarwal; A. Agarwal; S. Agarwal; K.N. Agarwal
Objective: To find out the degree of current undernutrition in rural reproductive age women. Setting: 43 villages of two adjoining rural blocks of Varanasi. Methods: 6130 non-pregnant and non-lactating rural woman in the age group 18-45 year were studied for sociodemographic characteriatics and anthropometry, i.e., weight, height and midarm circumferance. Their percentiles for age and for weight for hight were calculated by using cubic spline method. Results: The women in 10th centile weghed <38kg and those in >90th centile weighed 47-48 kg; 74.2% had weight <45 kg. The 50th centile height ranged between 148-150 cm; 13.5% were <145 cm. For mid arm circumference 50th and 90th centile values were around 22 and 24 cm, respectively. Mid arm circumference and height had significant linear correlation with weight. Conclusion: Around 50% rural UP women in pre-pregnancy state are undernourished. With age these rural women did not change in wight or mid-arm circumference.
Re-measurement of reduced transition probabilities in 132ba
(Jagellonian University, 2018) S. Dutta; M. Saxena; R. Kumar; A. Jhingan; A. Agarwal; A. Banerjee; R.K. Bhowmik; C. Joshi; J. Kaur; A. Kumar; M. Matejska-Minda; V. Mishra; I.A. Rizvi; A. Stolarz; H.J. Wollersheim; P.J. Napiorkowski
Reduced transition probabilities between the low-lying states of 132Ba were measured using the Coulomb excitation technique. The experiment was performed at Inter University Accelerator Center (IUAC), New Delhi using a 58Ni beam of 175 MeV energy to Coulomb excite the 132Ba nuclei. In addition to the 2+1 state, other states in 132Ba, such as 2+2 and 4+1 , were populated, the latter for the first time using Coulomb excitation. A set of matrix elements was extracted for the transitions between these levels. These values were determined relative to 134Ba excitations to minimize the systematic errors. A B(E2; 0+gs → 2+1) value of 1.088(85) e2 b2 was determined, corresponding to -54:5 single-particle units. © 2018 Jagellonian University. All rights reserved.
Revised lifetime of the 11/2- state in 45Sc via coulomb excitation
(Jagellonian University, 2020) M. Matejska-Minda; P.J. Napiorkowski; R. Kumar; M. Saxena; S. Dutt; A. Agarwal; I. Ahmed; S. Bhattacharya; A. Jhingan; J. Kaur; M. Kicińska-Habior; M. Kumar; S. Kumar; D. Kumar; V. Nanal; R. Palit; N.K. Rai; M. Shuaib; A. Sood; A. Stolarz; T. Trivedi; A.K. Tyagi; R.K. Bhowmik; H.J. Wollersheim
A Coulomb-excitation measurement to study low-energy electromagnetic properties of 45Sc has been performed at the IUAC facility in New Delhi, India using a 70 MeV 32S projectile from the 15UD tandem accelerator. The preliminary value of the reduced transition probability B(E2; 11/2- → 7/2-) and the resulting lifetime for the 11/2- state at 1237 keV were determined using the GOSIA code. © 2020 Jagellonian University. All rights reserved.
Structural confirmation of biorelevant molecule N-iso-butyl, S-2-nitro-1-phenylethyl dithiocarbamate in gas phase and effect of fluorination
(Elsevier B.V., 2021) T. Yadav; G. Brahmachari; I. Karmakar; P. Yadav; A. Agarwal; V. Mukherjee; B.P. Bag; S. Srivastav; A. Vats; A.K. Prasad; G.N. Pandey; A. Pathak; N.K. Dubey
The present manuscript reports the synthesis, structural confirmation, thermodynamics and vibrational spectroscopic studies of an important biorelevant molecule, named N-iso-butyl, S-2-nitro-1-phenylethyl dithiocarbamate in the gas phase. We have found a total of five low lying energy structures of N-iso-butyl, S-2-nitro-1-phenylethyl dithiocarbamate in the present investigation. All the theoretical computations were done at DFT/B3LYP/6-31++G(d,p) level. The FTIR spectrum of this molecule was recorded in the spectral range of 4000–400 cm−1 and this correlates well with the theoretical spectra of energetically most preferred conformer. The effect of fluorination on the structural parameters and vibrational frequencies of the most stable conformer is also investigated. The normal coordinate analysis was employed to calculate the potential energy distributions of the most stable conformer and the fluorinated structure. Moreover, we have also performed the natural bond orbital analysis (NBO) for the most stable conformer and the fluorinated structure to corroborate the stability of the electronic structure of both the molecules. The different thermodynamical quantities viz entropy, specific heat, free energy and thermal energy are also investigated. © 2020
STRUCTURE OF LOW-SPIN STATES IN45Sc STUDIED VIA COULOMB EXCITATION
(Jagiellonian University, 2024) M. Matejska-Minda; P.J. Napiorkowski; K. Sieja; P. Bednarczyk; T. Abraham; A. Agarwal; I. Ahmed; S. Bhattacharya; R.K. Bhowmik; D.T. Doherty; S. Dutt; K. Hadyńska-Klęk; J. Iwanicki; A. Jhingan; J. Kaur; M. Kicińska-Habior; M. Kisieliński; M. Komorowska; M. Kowalczyk; M. Kumar; R. Kumar; S. Kumar; D. Kumar; A. Maj; T. Marchlewski; P. Matuszczak; V. Nanal; A. Nannini; M. Palacz; R. Palit; L. Próchniak; N.K. Rai; M. Rocchini; M. Saxena; W. Satuła; M. Shuaib; M. Siciliano; A. Sood; J. Srebrny; A. Stolarz; J. Styczeń; T. Trivedi; A.K. Tyagi; B. Wasilewska; H.J. Wollersheim; K. Wrzosek-Lipska; M. Zielińska
The electromagnetic structure of45Sc at low excitation energy was investigated via low-energy Coulomb excitation at the Heavy Ion Laboratory (HIL) of the University of Warsaw and at the Inter-University Accelerator Centre (IUAC) in New Delhi. A set of reduced E2, E3, and M1 matrix elements was extracted from the collected data using the GOSIA code. The reduced transition probability B(E2; 11/2− → 7/2−) has been determined, allowing us to deduce the lifetime of the 11/2− state at 1237 keV. In addition, the upper limit on the reduced transition probability B(E3; 7/2− → 5/2+) has been determined for the first time. New large-scale shell-model and beyond-mean-field calculations were performed to interpret the structure of this nucleus. © 2024 Jagiellonian University. All rights reserved.
Synthesis, structural and vibrational spectroscopic investigation of molecules: N-n-butyl, S-2-nitro-1-phenylethyl dithiocarbamate and N-n-butyl, S-2-nitro-1-(4-flurophenyl)ethyl dithiocarbamate
(Elsevier B.V., 2020) T. Yadav; G. Brahmachari; I. Karmakar; P. Yadav; A. Agarwal; V. Mukherjee; A. Pathak; N.K. Dubey
The present work deals with the synthesis as well as molecular modeling and vibrational spectroscopic analysis of two biorelevant molecules, namely N-n-butyl, S-2-nitro-1-phenylethyl dithiocarbamate and N-n-butyl, S-2-nitro-1-(4-flurophenyl)ethyldithiocarbamate in gas phase. The optimization of the molecular structures of these compounds was performed at Density Functional Theory with exchange functional B3LYP and Hartree-Fock theory. The customary basis set 6-31++G(d,p) was employed during computations at both the level. The experimental FTIR spectra of both thecompounds were recorded in range 4000–400 cm-1 to correlate with the calculated spectra of the compounds. The normal coordinate analysis (NCA) method was used for the calculation of potential energy distributions. Most of the DFT calculated frequencies were found to agree with the experimental FTIR frequencies. To ensure the stability of electronic structures of these compounds the natural bond orbital analysis (NBO) for each compound was also performed and the analysis revealed that the intramolecular interactions resulting from overlapping of bonding and antibonding orbitals provoke the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) causing stabilization of the system. The frontier bond orbital analysis was also performed to study the interaction profile of the compounds. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.
Vaccination saves lives: a real-time study of patients with chronic diseases and severe COVID-19 infection
(Oxford University Press, 2023) A. Mukherjee; G. Kumar; A. Turuk; A. Bhalla; T.C. Bingi; P. Bhardwaj; T.D. Baruah; S. Mukherjee; A. Talukdar; Y. Ray; M. John; J.R. Khambholja; A.H. Patel; S. Bhuniya; R. Joshi; G.R. Menon; D. Sahu; V.V. Rao; B. Bhargava; S. Panda; P. Mishra; Y. Panchal; L.K. Sharma; A. Agarwal; G.D. Puri; V. Suri; K. Singla; R. Mesipogu; V.S. Aedula; M.A. Mohiuddin; D. Kumar; S. Saurabh; S. Misra; P.K. Kannauje; A. Kumar; A. Shukla; A. Pal; S. Chakraborty; M. Dutta; T. Mondal; S. Chakravorty; B. Bhattacharjee; S.R. Paul; D. Majumder; S. Chatterjee; A. Abraham; D. Varghese; M. Thomas; N. Shah; M. Patel; S. Madan; A. Desai; M.L. Kala Yadhav; R. Madhumathi; G.S. Chetna; U.K. Ojha; R.R. Jha; A. Kumar; A. Pathak; A. Sharma; M. Purohit; L. Sarangi; M. Rath; A.D. Shah; L. Kumar; P. Patel; N. Dulhani; S. Dube; J. Shrivastava; A. Mittal; L. Patnaik; J.P. Sahoo; S. Sharma; V.K. Katyal; A. Katyal; N. Yadav; R. Upadhyay; S. Srivastava; A. Srivastava; N.N. Suthar; N.M. Shah; K. Rajvansh; H. Purohit; P.R. Mohapatra; M.K. Panigrahi; S. Saigal; A. Khurana; M. Panchal; M. Anderpa; D. Patel; V. Salgar; S. Algur; R. Choudhury; M. Rao; D. Nithya; B.K. Gupta; B. Kumar; J. Gupta; S. Bhandari; A. Agrawal; M. Shameem; N. Fatima; S. Pala; V. Nongpiur; S. Chatterji; S. Mukherjee; S.K. Shivnitwar; S. Tripathy; P. Lokhande; H. Dandu; A. Gupta; V. Kumar; N. Sharma; R. Vohra; A. Paliwal; M. Pavan Kumar; A. Bikshapathi Rao; N. Kikon; R. Kikon; K. Manohar; Y. Sathyanarayana Raju; A. Madharia; J. Chakravarty; M. Chaubey; R.K. Bandaru; M. Ali Mirza; S. Kataria; P. Sharma; S. Ghosh; A. Hazra
Objectives: This study aims to describe the demographic and clinical profile and ascertain the determinants of outcome among hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) adult patients enrolled in the National Clinical Registry for COVID-19 (NCRC). Methods: NCRC is an on-going data collection platform operational in 42 hospitals across India. Data of hospitalized COVID-19 patients enrolled in NCRC between 1st September 2020 to 26th October 2021 were examined. Results: Analysis of 29 509 hospitalized, adult COVID-19 patients [mean (SD) age: 51.1 (16.2) year; male: 18 752 (63.6%)] showed that 15 678 (53.1%) had at least one comorbidity. Among 25 715 (87.1%) symptomatic patients, fever was the commonest symptom (72.3%) followed by shortness of breath (48.9%) and dry cough (45.5%). In-hospital mortality was 14.5% (n = 3957). Adjusted odds of dying were significantly higher in age group ≥60 years, males, with diabetes, chronic kidney diseases, chronic liver disease, malignancy and tuberculosis, presenting with dyspnoea and neurological symptoms. WHO ordinal scale 4 or above at admission carried the highest odds of dying [5.6 (95% CI: 4.6–7.0)]. Patients receiving one [OR: 0.5 (95% CI: 0.4–0.7)] or two doses of anti-SARS CoV-2 vaccine [OR: 0.4 (95% CI: 0.3–0.7)] were protected from in-hospital mortality. Conclusions: WHO ordinal scale at admission is the most important independent predictor for in-hospital death in COVID-19 patients. Anti-SARS-CoV2 vaccination provides significant protection against mortality. © The Author(s) 2022.