Browsing by Author "A. Hemantaranjan"

Now showing 1 - 20 of 20

Antioxidant defence system in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.): Influence by drought stress implemented at pre- and post-anthesis stage
(2012) Pradeep Kumar Patel; A. Hemantaranjan
Significant differences in the antioxidant system of the leaves of four chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes differing in tolerance to drought were observed in a pot experiment. Drought stress was imposed at pre- and post- anthesis stage (50 and 65 days after sowing). We studied the effect of drought stress on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activities in four chickpea genotypes viz., Tyson, ICC 4958, JG 315 and DCP 92-3. Drought treatment significantly increased hydrogen peroxide accumulation and lipid peroxidation, which indicated the extent of oxidative injury posed by stress conditions. Enzyme activities of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Peroxidase (POX), Catalase (CAT) and Ascorbate Peroxidase (APX) increased in chickpea leaves as a consequence of drought conditions and all the enzyme activities were significantly higher in drought stressed genotypes i.e., Tyson and ICC 4958 than in JG 315 and DCP 92-3. Relationship between Lipid Peroxidation (LPO), Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), Peroxidase (POX) and Ascorbate Peroxidase (APX) was determined in order to find out whether these parameters can be used as selection criteria for drought tolerance in this crop. Early drought stress (pre-anthesis drought) was found to be more damaging than the late drought stress (post-anthesis drought). © 2012 Academic Journals Inc.
Biochemical markers of environmental stress tolerance in finger millet [Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.] germplasm of Central Himalayan Region
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2022) A.K. Trivedi; S.K. Verma; R.K. Tyagi; A. Hemantaranjan; Achal Singh
Availability of the germplasm of suitable crops for cultivation in environmental stress prone and resource poor terrains is crucial for food security in these regions. Rich diversity of millets, which are highly tolerant to extreme weather conditions, is obtainable in the Central Himalayan Region (CHR). However, biochemical evaluation of available germplasm for food security is a major apprehension yet to be addressed properly. In this backdrop expeditions were conducted to tap and evaluate the germplasm variability of finger millet [Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.]. Germplasm accessions (314) having traits of agronomic importance were collected and evaluated for three consecutive years. In addition to set of biochemical traits, yield was recorded to find out suitable germplasm for large scale cultivation/breeding programme. At flowering stage variability in antioxidants level of leaves such as glutathione and ascorbate ranged from 105.27 to 423.63 mmol g−1 FW and 4.89–10.21 mmol g−1 FW respectively. Extensive variableness in the activity of enzymes which are important for multiple abiotic stress tolerance viz., catalase (115–855 mmol H2O2 decomposed min−1 mg−1 protein), peroxidase (1.24–6.35 mmol substrate min−1 mg−1 protein), superoxide dismutase (1236–2963 enzyme U mg−1 protein), glutathione reductase (0.53–2.14 mmol substrate min−1 mg−1 protein), ascorbate peroxidase (1.86–7.04 mmol substrate min−1 mg−1 protein), monodehydroascorbate reducatase (1.11–4.41 mmol substrate min−1 mg−1 protein), dehydroascorbate reducatase (0.34–1.36 mmol substrate min−1 mg−1 protein) was also recorded. Worldwide Abiotic/environmental stresses hamper agricultural production. Enzymatic and non-enzymatic defence system precisely controls this situation. Hence, biochemical evaluation might be an appropriate strategy for identification of suitable germplam to combat the problem of food security in such areas. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.
Chitosan as a promising natural compound to enhance potential physiological responses in plant: a review
(Springer Verlag, 2015) Deepmala Katiyar; A. Hemantaranjan; Bharti Singh
Biopolymer “Chitosan” has received much interest for potential wide application in agriculture due to its excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability and bioactivity. This naturally occurring molecule with interesting physiological potential has been getting more attention in recent years. Chitosan enhanced the efficacy of plants to reduce the deleterious effect of unfavorable conditions as well as on plant growth. Chitosan affects various physiological responses like plant immunity, defense mechanisms involving various enzymes such as, phenylalanine ammonium lyase, polyphenol oxidase, tyrosine ammonia lyase and antioxidant enzymes viz., activities superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxide against adverse conditions. Recent studies have shown that chitosan induces mechanisms in plants against various biotic (fungi, bacteria, and insects) and abiotic (salinity, drought, heavy metal and cold) stresses and helps in formation of barriers that enhances plant's productivity. This paper takes a closer look at the physiological responses of chitosan molecule. © 2015, Indian Society for Plant Physiology.
Effect of brassinosteroid (Brassinolide) on seedling traits, morphology and metabolism in mungbean under salinity stress
(SCIENCEDOMAIN international, 2017) Shivani Lalotra; A. Hemantaranjan; Sandeep Kumar; Ravi Kant
The experiment was conducted in stressed and non stressed condition during kharif season 2014 at Department of Plant Physiology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India. Mungbean seeds were treated with different concentrations of brassinolide (BL) 0.01 mM and 0.05 mM in combination with sodium chloride (NaCl) 100 mM, BL 0.05 mM alone with control. The whole experiment was done in Petriplates and pots in growth chamber and net house, and was laid out in complete randomized design. The results of experiment revealed that plant growth regulator brassinolide (BL 0.05 mM) with salinity stress increased the germination percentage by three folds, root length by two folds, shoot height by two folds, SPAD value by one fold, nitrate reductase activity by seven folds and proline content by one fold when compared with salinity stressed condition (NaCl 100 mM) in both HUM-16 and HUM-12 genotypes at 30 days after sowing (DAS). The increase in above parameters was found at par with BL 0.01 mM concentration. Stressed plants exhibited poor growth and biochemical parameters were significantly reduced. However, the follow up application of BL (0.01 mM and 0.05 mM) neutralized the damaging effects of the salinity on the plants. © 2017 Lalotra et al.
Effect of iron and zinc fertilization on senescence in french bean (phaseolus vulgaris L.)
(1986) O.K. Garg; A. Hemantaranjan; C. Ramesh
In greenhouse experiments, applications of Fe and/or Zn in the form of ferrous sulphate and zinc sulphate induced increased chlorophyll ‘a’ and ‘b’ concentrations, indole-3-acetic acid, nitrate reductase activity, and dry matter yield of french bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants. Iron and Zn in combination were more effective in delaying the leaf senescence compared to controls. Chlorophyll destruction was more rapid at the post-flowering stage in control plants which led to early senescence and reduced photosynthetic duration. A rapid decline in nitrate reductase activity and indole-3-acetic acid concentration in control plants after the 50-day growth stage further induced senescence. Iron alone and in combination of Zn appeared to contribute to the inhibition of senescence in french bean plants. © 1986, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. All rights reserved.
Effect of methyl jasmonate and zinc in modulating biochemical parameters and antioxidant enzymes activities in chickpea under salinity stress
(Triveni Enterprises, 2021) Shivani Lalotra; A. Hemantaranjan; Sandeep Kumar; Sanjay-Swami
Aim: To evaluate the role of exogenously applied Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and zinc concentrations on up-regulation of antioxidant defense machinery in salt-stressed chickpea plants. Methodology: A poly-house experiment framework of a Completely Randomized Design with three replicates by seed hardening in chickpea genotype BG-362 with 10 and 15 μM MeJA of combined with Zn under induced salinity stress. Results: Salinity induced membrane degradation in chickpea plants whereas seed hardening through MeJA (10 μM and 15 μM) in combination with micronutrient (Zn @ 15 mg kg-1 soil) reversed the pattern of membrane degradation in salinity stressed plants. Exogenously applied MeJA with Zn under induced salinity stress significantly up-regulated the antioxidant defense enzymes with noticeable values. Interpretation: Seed-hardening of MeJA and basal application of Zn is useful in alleviating the adverse effects of salinity stress in chickpea genotype BG-362 in salinity affected areas of U.P. © 2021 Triveni Enterprises. All rights reserved.
Effect of salicylic acid on growth and metabolism of chickpea (Cicer Arietinum L.) Under drought stress
(2012) Pradeep Kumar Patel; A. Hemantaranjan; B.K. Sarma
Four chickpea genotypes (Tyson, ICC 4958, JG 315 and DCP 92-3) were treated with 1.0 mM and 1.5 mM salicylic acid (SA) and subjected to pre- and post flowering drought stress to analyse its influence on nitrate reductase (NR) activity, relative water content (RWC), proline and antioxidant enzymes activity (superoxide dismutase and peroxidase). Leaf RWC significantly reduced during stress at both the growth stages and ranged between 71.67-74.43% (unstressed) and 67.96-71.67% (stressed), whereas in 1.5 mM SA treated plants leaf RWC increased comparable to the control (unstressed plant). NR activity significantly reduced under stress at the post anthesis stage of growth but was maintained higher in 1.5 mM SA treated plants in all the four genotypes studied. On the other hand, activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POX) were upregulated by drought stress and interestingly further enhanced by 1.5 mM SA treatment. The response of SA (1.5 mM) was relatively more in ICC 4958 and Tyson cultivars of chickpea. Hence, results signify the role of SA in protecting metabolic activity along with regulating the drought response of plants.
Evaluation of barnyard millet diversity in central Himalayan region for environmental stress tolerance
(Cambridge University Press, 2017) A.K. Trivedi; L. Arya; S.K. Verma; R.K. Tyagi; A. Hemantaranjan
The mountain ecosystem of the Central Himalayan Region is known for its diversity of crops and their wild relatives. In spite of adverse climatic conditions, this region is endowed with a rich diversity of millets. Hence, the aim of the present study was to explore, collect, conserve and evaluate the diversity of barnyard millet (Echinochloa frumentacea) to find out the extent of diversity available in different traits and the traits responsible for abiotic stress tolerance, and to identify trait-specific accessions for crop improvement and also for the cultivation of millets in the region as well as in other similar agro-ecological regions. A total of 178 accessions were collected and evaluated for a range of morpho-physiological and biochemical traits. Significant variability was noted in days to 50% flowering, days to 80% maturity, 1000 seed weight and yield potential of the germplasm. These traits are considered to be crucial for tailoring new varieties for different agro-climatic conditions. Variations in biochemical traits such as lipid peroxidation (0·552-7·421 nmol malondialdehyde formed/mg protein/h), total glutathione (105·270-423·630 mmol/g fresh weight) and total ascorbate (4·980-9·880 mmol/g fresh weight) content indicate the potential of collected germplasm for abiotic stress tolerance. Principal component analysis also indicated that yield, superoxide dismutase activity, plant height, days to 50% flowering, catalase activity and glutathione content are suitable traits for screening large populations of millet and selection of suitable germplasm for crop improvement and cultivation. Trait-specific accessions identified in the present study could be useful in crop improvement programmes, climate-resilient agriculture and improving food security in areas with limited resources. Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2017.
Genetic variability in proso millet [Panicum miliaceum] germplasm of Central Himalayan Region based on morpho-physiological traits and molecular markers
(Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Slavic Studies, 2015) A.K. Trivedi; L. Arya; M. Verma; S.K. Verma; R.K. Tyagi; A. Hemantaranjan
Sixteen representative accessions of proso millet [Panicum miliaceum] having distinct traits of agronomic importance were collected from altitudinal range of 510–2,695 m asl in the Central Himalayan Region (CHR) of India. Considerable diversity was found in morpho-physiological traits viz., leaf length (16.80–32.00 cm), leaf width (1.7–2.1 cm), plant height (57.00–134.00 cm), days to 50 % flowering (34–54), days to 80 % maturity (111–144), and 1,000 seed weight (0.68–1.86 g). Collected accessions have been evaluated for a battery of biochemical parameters viz., chlorophyll, carotenoids, lipid peroxidation, cellular hydrogen peroxide, activity of nitrate reductase, lipoxygenase, catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase along with super oxide free radical formation, glutathione (total, reduced, and oxidized), glutathione reductase, glutathione S-transferase, ascorbate (total, reduced, and oxidized), monodehydroascorbate reductase, and didehydroascorbate reductase. The sets of 12 genic-SSRs (simple sequence repeats), 54 ISSR (inter simple sequence repeats), and 40 SRAP (sequence related amplified polymorphism) markers were used to study the level of genetic diversity, and Nei’s gene diversity value of 0.20 was obtained with both ISSR and SRAP markers. SRAP markers showed higher average number of polymorphic bands, % polymorphism, polymorphic information content (PIC), and Shannon information index compared to ISSR markers; genic-SSRs showed no allelic variation. Cluster analysis shows close groupings of germplasm based on morpho-physiological traits as well as molecular markers. The diverse germplasm identified based on molecular markers with considerable diversity in morpho-physiological traits may be utilized for development of climate resilient cultivars. © 2015, Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków.
Introduction of nitrogen-fixing nodules through iron and zinc fertilization in the nonnodule-forming french bean (phaseolus vulgaris l.)
(1986) A. Hemantaranjan; O.K. Garg
Nitrogen-fixing symbionts associated with the french bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) are absent in soils in the Varanasi, India area. Greenhouse experiments were conducted to study the effects of Fe (ferrous sulfate) and Zn (zinc sulfate) on nodulation and N2fixation in french beans. Inorganic treatments were added to the soil. No exogenous supplement of Rhizobium was added to the soil. Iron alone at a concentration of 5 or 10 mg kg-1soil or in combination with the same concentrations of Zn enhanced nodulation. At 5 mg Fe and Zn kg-1soil, maximum nodulation and leghaemoglobin were noted. Enhanced in vivo N2fixation was also noted when either Fe or Zn (alone or in combination) were added at concentrations of 5 or 10 mg kg-1soil. These experimentsshowed that Fe could create a condition conducive to the formation of N2fixing nodules in french bean. Synergistic effects of Zn in these processes could not be ruled out. © 1986, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. All rights reserved.
Iron and zinc fertilization with reference to the grain quality of triticum aestivum l
(1988) A. Hemantaranjan; O.K. Garg
Iron + Zinc (applied to the soil as ferrous sulphate and zinc sulphate) were found to significantly increase the number ear heeds per tiller, length of ear heads, number of grains per ear, grain yield per plant and the weight 1000 grains in proportion to its concentration used both in pot and field experiments. ‘This was coupled with the increase in total carbohydrate, starch and crude protein contents of wheat grains. All these activities were found optimum at the identical concentration of Fe + Zn (@ 7.5 mg kg−1 soil). A further increase in the exogenous iron and zinc concentrations (up to 12.5 mg kg−1 soil) led to the sharp decline of all these activities near the control level. Yield characters were observed to be better supported in the field condition than in pot cultures. Since natural availability of iron and zinc in the soil are only 2–4 mg kg−1 soil and 0.60 mg kg−1 soil, respectively, it is apparently suggested that the threshold level of iron and zinc (@ 7.5 mg kg−1 soil) has a definite role in the synthesis of carbohydrates, starch and protein contents in the wheat grains. It is further suggested that normal metabolism might be reasonably hindered due to an increased uptakability of Fe and Zn at their higher concentrations (@ 10 mg kg−1 soil and 12.5 mg kg−1 soil, respectively). This causes a reduction in the synthesis of chlorophyll and indole-3-acetic acid, leading to an inhibition of photosynthesis at grain filling stage and ultimately reduced total carbohydrate, starch and protein contents of grains, which might be a good reason for the production of inferior quality of wheat grains. The positive role of the threshold concentration (@ 7.5 mg kg−1 soil) of exogenous iron and zinc in the growth and yield potentiality of wheat crop is, therefore, emphasized. © 1988, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. All rights reserved.
Iron fertilization in relation to nodulation and nitrogen fixation in french bean (phaseolus vulgaris l.)
(1988) A. Hemantaranjan
Pot and field experiments were conducted to study the effects of three iron sources, viz., ferrous sulphate, Fe-EDDHA and Fe-EDTA on nodulation and nitrogen fixation in french bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). This plant, as a general, does neither harbour functional nodules nor enlodge the nitrogen-fixing symbionts (rhizobia) when grown in and around Varanasi soils where natural availability of iron is 2–4 mg 4–1 soil. Inorganic iron treatments were given to the soils without any exogenous inoculation with the Rhizobium germ plasm. Iron, in general, at a concentration of 5 to 10 mg 4–1 soil stimulated the production of functional nodules and subsequently increased the dry weights of plants. Remarkably, the number of functional nodules and their leghaemoglobin content were more in the cases of plants treated with Fe-EDDHA and Fe-EDTA (@ 5 mg kgsoil) -1 than in the FeSO4 treated ones. Approachingly similar nodule initiations were recorded with the application of a double dose of FeS04, i.e., 10 mg kgsoil. -I In addition an enhanced in vivo nitrogen fixation (total nitrogen yield) over the control (untreated) level was noted in both pot and field experiments with the identical Fe treatment(s). On the basis of a critical comparative assessment on the individual effectiveness of the three iron sources in the production of functional nodules in french bean, Fe-EDDHA was designated to be superior most, followed by Fe-EDTA and FeSO4 in the decreasing order. The known higher stability constant of Fe-EDDHA, coupled with its higher mobility in plants, are the probable reasons for its apparently greater supporting effects over those induced by other iron sources used during the present investigation. Obviously, the results indicate that Fe could create a condition conducive to the formation of functional N2-fixing nodules in P.vulgaris. The differential dose response of the two iron sources were significant specifically @ 5 mg Fe-compound kg−1 soil. Hence, farmers may be suggested to make use of the benefits of any of the iron source economic to them. © 1988, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. All rights reserved.
Iron sources in relation to leaf senescence in french bean (phaseolus vUlgarisl.)
(1988) O.K. Garg; A. Hemantaranjan
Pot and field experiment were conducted to study the effects of three iron sources, viz., Fe-EDTA, Fe-EDDHA and FeSO4 on the yield of french bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The natural available iron in the soil was 2–4 ppm. All the iron sources in general, induced a significant increase in chlorophyll ‘a and b’, and indole-3-acetic acid components of french bean when used at a concentration of 5 to 10 mg kg−1 soil. Remarkably, these favourable acquisitions were more prominent in the cases of Fe-EDDHA (@ 5 mg kg−1 soil) and Fe-EDTA (@ 5 mg kg−1 soil) treatments, while a double dose of FeSO4 (@ 10 mg kg−1 soil) was required to induce a parallel change in the characteristics noted above. A critical individual assessment of the effects of the first two iron sources obviate the fact that Fe-EDDHA is superior most in inducing a delayed senescence and the related characteristics of applied importance. These effects were significantly better over those induced by the corresponding concentrations of Fe-EDTA, possibly due to known higher stability constant of Fe-EDDHA as well as its better mobility in plants. While in the control (iron-untreated) plants chlorophyll destruction (quite simultaneously a decline in the IAA content) is more rapid at the post-flowering stage, leading to an early senescence, reduced photosynthetic duration and low yield, the iron-treated plants exhibited a delayed senescence exhibited a delayed senescence of leaves coupled with a significantly enhanced photosynthetic duration and yield. Apparently, therefore, soil iron enrichment is of considerable importance in the regulation of physiological factors leading to an increase in the yield of french bean plants. © 1988, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. All rights reserved.
Mitigating effects of paclobutrazol on flooding stress damage by shifting biochemical and antioxidant defense mechanisms in mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) at pre-flowering stage
(Agricultural Research Communication Centre, 2017) Dinesh Kumar Yadav; A. Hemantaranjan
Flooding stress is one of the major obstacles which hamper plant growth and development in various ways. Two screened mungbean genotypes, HUM-16 (flooding tolerant) and HUM-12 (flooding susceptible), were selected to evaluate the effect of paclobutrazol @10ppm and 25ppm along with its combinations through pre-seed soaking and foliar spray at pre-flowering stage. The flooding stress shock was imposed for seven days at pre-flowering stage. Paclobutrazol (PBZ) treatments significantly enhanced chlorophyll, soluble sugar, starch, MSI, APX, and SOD in both HUM-16 and HUM-12 genotypes under flooding stress. Among all the treatments, PBZ @10ppm seed treatment + 10ppm foliar spray revealed higher chlorophyll (2.47 and 1.97 mg g-1 FW), soluble sugar (24.57 and 20.53 mg g-1 FW), MSI (49.16% and 38.67%), APX (16.13 and 6.50 Units mg-1 protein min-1) and SOD (38.00 and 18.30 Units mg-1 protein min-1) in both tolerant and susceptible genotype, respectively, while it minimized the production of MDA (18.30% and 49.00%) and H2O2 (19.05% and 25.06%) in both tolerant and susceptible genotype, respectively, under flooding stress as compared to control. Paclobutrazol treatments, as evident, minimized the flooding stress damage in tolerant genotype as compared to susceptible genotype by enhancing chlorophyll, soluble sugar and antioxidant enzymes activity (APX and SOD) and by reducing the generation of H2O2 and MDA contents under flooding stress. © 2017, Agricultural Research Communication Centre. All rights reserved.
Molecular profiling of foxtail millet (Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv) from Central Himalayan Region for genetic variability and nutritional quality
(Cambridge University Press, 2018) A.K. Trivedi; L. Arya; S.K. Verma; R.K. Tyagi; A. Hemantaranjan; M. Verma; V.P. Sharma; D. Saha
Agriculture in the Central Himalayan Region depends on the availability of suitable germplasm as well as natural conditions. Due to extreme weather conditions, food and nutrition security is a major issue for communities inhabiting these remote and inaccessible areas. Millets are common crops grown in these areas. Foxtail millet (Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv) is an important crop and forms a considerable part of the diet in this region. The aim of the present study was to explore, collect, conserve and evaluate the untapped genetic diversity of foxtail millet at the molecular level and discover variability in their nutritional traits. A total of 30 accessions having unique traits of agronomic importance were collected and molecular profiling was performed. A total of 63 alleles were generated with an average of 2.52 alleles per locus and average expected heterozygosity of 0.37 ± 0.231. Significant genetic variability was revealed through the genetic differentiation (Fst) and gene flow (Nm) values. Structure-based analysis divided whole germplasm into three sub-groups. Rich variability was found in nutritional traits such as dietary fibre in husked grains, carbohydrate, protein, lysine and thiamine content. The collected germplasm may be useful for developing nutritionally rich and agronomically beneficial varieties of foxtail millet and also designing strategies for utilization of unexploited genetic diversity for food and nutrition security in this and other similar agro-ecological regions. © 2018 Cambridge University Press.
Morpho-physiological attributes of field pea (Pisum sativum L.) genotypes as influenced by salicylic acid under salinity stress
(2013) Radha Singh; A. Hemantaranjan; Pradeep K. Patel; Dinesh K. Yadav
Salinity is major environmental factor that limits productivity of pulse crops all over the world. Field pea (Pisum sativum L.), one of the most important grain legume crops, is highly sensitive to salinity stress. Salinity stress adversely affects the morpho-physiological parameters, viz., germination, root length, plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, and total dry weight at vegetative growth stage of plant. In this investigation, salinity was induced in soil by the application of NaCl @ 50 mM, 100 mM and 150 mM in one shock followed by measurement of electrical conductivity (EC) for growing two field pea genotypes, viz., DDR 61, HUDP 15. Prior to sowing, seeds of both the field pea genotypes were hardened with salicylic acid (SA) @ 1.0 mM for 6 hours with a view to alleviating the harmful effect of salinity stress on morpho-physiological parameters of plants.
Morpho-physiological attributes of Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) genotypes as influenced by brassinolide under salinity stress
(International Society of Plant Morphologists, 2015) Sadhana Mishra; A. Hemantaranjan; Dinesh Kumar Yadav; Deepmala Katiyar
Seeds of Mungbean genotypes (HUM-23 and HUM-16) were pre-soaked at two different concentrations of brassinolide (BL), i.e., 0.01mM and 0.005mM, and seedlings were raised under controlled conditions in a plant growth chamber on the soil substratum stressed with salinity by adding NaCl at 100mM. Stressed plants caused a sharp reduction in growth plant-1 (viz., length of root, height of shoot, number of leaves, total leaf area and total dry weight). In general, Brassinolide at 0.005mM and at 0.01mM showed significant effects on germination percentage, number of leaves plant-1 and total dry weight plant-1 besides significant effects on length of root, height of shoot and total leaf area plant-1, respectively. By and large, BL applied genotypes improved growth activity along with mitigation of the damages of the said characteristics under salinity stress. Overall critical evaluation showed greater improvements in HUM-16 at the threshold level of 0.005mM BL under salinity stress, though HUM-23 was superior in germination percentage, length of root and height of shoot. Hence, economically viable concentrations of BL may be of importance in salinity stress alleviation.
Physiological significance of vanadium uptake during N2 and NC3- metabolism in various strains of a N2-fixing cyanobacterium nostoc muscorum
(1984) A. Vaishampayan; A. Hemantaranjan
The nitrogenase and nitrate reductase activities of the molybdenum (Mo)-requiring parent Nostoc muscorum and its tungsten (W)- and chromium (Cr)-requiring mutant strains, growing with Mo, W and Cr, respectively, were significantly enhanced by the addition of 0.063 μM vanadium (V). Such interactions were not observed with NO2- as a nitrogen source. © 1984 The Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists.
Salicylic acid improves salinity tolerance in field pea (Pisum sativum L.) by intensifying antioxidant defense system and preventing salt-induced nitrate reductase (NR) activity loss
(Agricultural Research Communication Centre, 2015) Radha Singh; A. Hemantaranjan; Pradeep Kumar Patel
To improve the antioxidant system and protect the nitrate reductase (NR) activity of two field pea genotypes (DDR 61 and HUDP 15) by seed hardening through optimum concentration salicylic acid (SA) @ 1.0 mM under salinity stress condition. Salinity was imposed by NaCl @ 50,100 and 150 mM with their corresponding EC 4.0, 8.2 and 10.6 dSm-1 respectively. Nitrate reductase (NR) activity significantly reduced under stress at the reproductive (i.e. post anthesis) stage but was maintained higher in 1.0 mM SA treated plants upto the level of 100 mM NaCl. In addition to NR, membrane stability index (MSI) also decreased significantly under salinity stress. In DDR 61 MSI was found to be more as compared to HUDP 15. On the other hand, activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT) were up-regulated by salinity stress and further enhanced remarkably by 1.0 mM SA treatment. DDR 61 genotype was found to be more responsive to SA application as compared to HUDP 15. Salt stress was found to have more damaging effects during the pre-anthesis phase than the post-anthesis phase of development. Hence, results signify the role of SA in protecting NR metabolic activity along with regulating salinity response of plants. © 2015, Agricultural Research Communication Centre. All rights reserved.
Salicylic acid induced alteration in dry matter partitioning, antioxidant defence system and yield in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under drought stress
(2012) Pradeep Kumar Patel; A. Hemantaranjan
An experiment was conducted to investigate the possible involvement of exogenously applied salicylic acid (presowing seed soaking at the rate of 1.0 and 1.5 mM salicylic acid (SA) on dry matter production and its partitioning, antioxidant (proline and sugar), antioxidant enzymes i.e., superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and yield of four chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes, viz., Tyson, ICC 4958, JG 315 and DCP 92-3 under drought stress. Drought imposed (by withholding irrigation) at 50% flowering and 50% podding phase of development. Results indicate wide variation in tolerance to drought stress amongst chickpea genotypes at both the critical stages i.e., 50% flowering and 50% podding. However, the yield and its components were higher in ICC 4958 as compared to other genotypes. It is inferred that the significant response of applied SA at the rate of 1.5 mM under drought condition was relatively more in ICC 4958 genotype in terms of antioxidant response; substantially alleviated drought induced adverse effect and yield. It is also conclude that drought stress at 50% flowering was found to be more damaging than the 50% podding phase. © 2012 Asian Network for Scientific Information.