Browsing by Author "A. Joshi"

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3D attenuation tomography of the Uttarakhand, NW Himalaya: Linkage to fluid or partial melt zones - Seismic hazard
(Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Monika; Parveen Kumar; Sandeep; A. Joshi; S.K. Pal
This work proposes the shear-wave attenuation tomography of the Garhwal and Kumaun regions, Uttarakhand Himalaya, to investigate the crustal state. Based on attenuation characteristics, the high attenuated layer identified starts at ∼10 km in the Garhwal region and ∼5 km in the Kumaun region. The obtained model revealed that quality factor (Q) values vary from 16 to 664 and 49 to 866 at 1 Hz frequency for the Kumaun and Garhwal regions, respectively. The high attenuation rate (1/Q) in the Kumaun region compared to the Garhwal region may be due to the high attenuated layer at a shallower depth in the Kumaun region. The comparatively low attenuation rate of the Garhwal characterizes it as a region with high seismic hazard potential. Pioneeringly, layered frequency-dependent attenuation models are proposed up to a depth of 30 km for six different layers with 5 km thickness each, which will provide new insight into seismic hazard evaluation. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd
Determination of site effect and anelastic attenuation at Kathmandu, Nepal Himalaya region and its use in estimation of source parameters of 25 April 2015 Nepal earthquake M w = 7.8 and its aftershocks including the 12 May 2015 M w = 7.3 event
(Springer Netherlands, 2018) Parveen Kumar; A. Joshi; Sushil Kumar; Sandeep; Sohan Lal
The destructive Mw = 7.8 Nepal earthquake happened in Nepal Himalaya, 80 km NW of Kathmandu city on 25 April 2015. A number of aftershocks in which one of them is Mw = 7.3 which occurred on 12 May 2015 are observed around the Kathmandu city of Nepal. In this paper, strong motion data of Nepal earthquake and its eight aftershocks having magnitude range 5.3–7.3, recorded at Kathmandu station is used to determine site effects and attenuation factor. Kathmandu city, capital of Nepal, is situated in a valley which consists of sediments of more than 300 m depth. Hence strong motion data recorded at Kathmandu station is strongly affected by site effect and anelastic attenuation. In this work, S-phase spectra recorded at Kathmandu station are corrected for site effect and anelastic attenuation to compute the source parameters of the events. The site effects and anelastic attenuation are estimated from inversion of strong motion data by using the inversion technique suggested by Joshi (Bull Seismol Soc Am 96:2165–2180, 2006a). The shear wave quality factor (Qβ(f)) is computed at Kathmandu station by using the inversion scheme as Qβ(f) = 68f0.58. The site effects and attenuation factor obtained by inversion technique are used to correct the spectrum for site effect and anelastic attenuation. The corrected source spectrum is compared with theoretical (Brune in J Geophys Res 78:4997–5009, 1970) spectrum to estimate various source parameters. Both horizontal component (North–South and East–West) are utilized to estimate the source parameters of 25 April 2015 Mw = 7.8 Nepal earthquake and its aftershocks. The best-fit theoretical spectrum provides final values of source parameters, i.e., stress drop, seismic moment, and source radius as 48.7 bars, 5.96 × 1027 dyne cm and 37.75 km, respectively, for the 25 April 2015 Mw = 7.8 earthquake and 1.40 × 1027 dyne cm, 44.7 bars, and 23.90 km, respectively, for the 12 May 2015 Mw = 7.3 earthquake. © 2018, Springer Science+Business Media B.V., part of Springer Nature.
Emergence of the semi-empirical technique of strong ground motion simulation: A review
(Geological Society of India, 2017) Sandeep; A. Joshi; P. Kumari; S. Lal; Vandana; Parveen Kumar; Kamal
High frequency ground motion simulation techniques are powerful tools for designing earthquake resistant structures in seismically active regimes. Simulation techniques also provide the synthetic strong ground motion in the regions where actual records are not available (Kumar et al. 2015).These techniques require several parameters of earthquake and other seismic information proceeding to the simulation. Practically estimation of parameters is a tough task, particularly in a region with limited information. This demands a simulation technique based on the easily estimated parameters for a new site. The purposes of this paper are to briefly review existing simulation techniques and to discuss in detail the new, simple and effective semi-empirical technique (Midorikawa 1993) of strong motion simulation. © 2017, Geological Society of India.
Emerging techniques to simulate strong ground motion
(Elsevier, 2020) Sandeep; Parveen Kumar; A. Joshi
Earthquakes are one of the most destructive natural events worldwide. It represents a globally societal challenge necessitating practical and operational solution for reducing loss and mitigating risk. This can be realized through earthquake hazard and risk assessment. In this context, simulation of strong ground motion emerged as one of the indispensable prerequisites for earthquake resistant structure design. Hence, this chapter describes the recent progress and also pioneering efforts for the most prevalent simulation techniques including Stochastic simulation technique (SST), Empirical Green’s function technique (EGFT), Composite source modeling technique (CSMT) and Semi empirical technique (SET). Moreover, the detail analysis of each and every technique in terms of input parameters, output, advantages and limitations has been illustrated. To this end, we hope that this overview would help the seismologists and earthquake engineers to look at this area of study from different angles to reveal some hidden opportunities. © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Estimation of the source parameters of the Nepal earthquake from strong motion data
(Springer Netherlands, 2016) A. Joshi; Monu Tomer; Sohan Lal; Sumer Chopra; Sandeep Singh; Sanjay Prajapati; M.L. Sharma; Sandeep
Kathmandu and its surrounding region were rocked recently by a devastating earthquake on April 25, 2015. This is the largest earthquake that has occurred in this region since the past eight decades. This earthquake was recorded on strong motion stations located about 470–522 km away from its epicenter. Records of accelerographs from these stations have been used to determine the location of this earthquake using hypo71 algorithm given by Lee and Lehr (HYPO71, a computer program for determining hypocenter, magnitude and first motion pattern of local earthquakes. US Geological Survey Open file report, 100, 1975). The recorded accelerograms have been corrected for site effects using site amplification curve obtained from ambient seismic noise recorded at each station. Site effect has been computed using H/V ratio method given by Nakamura (Q Rep RTRI 30(1):25–33, 1989) using ambient noise data. The corrected record is further used to obtain source displacement spectra. The source spectrum obtained from strong motion data is compared with theoretical source spectrum obtained from Brune’s (J Geophys Res 75:4997–5009, 1970) model for the horizontal components. The long-term flat level and corner frequency from source displacement spectra are used to calculate stress drop, source radius and seismic moment of this earthquake. The present study indicates that the Nepal earthquake originated 12.0 km below the epicenter located at 27.93°N, 84.70°E. The source radius, stress drop and seismic moment of this earthquake estimated from source displacement spectra are 44.13 ± 3.85 km, 18.68 ± 5.93 bars and 3.53 ± 0.28 × 1027 dyne cm, respectively. © 2016, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.
Five insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
(Elsevier B.V., 2020) C. Abbafati; D.B. Machado; B. Cislaghi; O.M. Salman; M. Karanikolos; M. McKee; K.M. Abbas; O.J. Brady; H.J. Larson; S. Trias-Llimós; S. Cummins; S.M. Langan; B. Sartorius; A. Hafiz; E. Jenabi; N. Mohammad Gholi Mezerji; S. Borzouei; G. Azarian; S. Khazaei; M. Abbasi; B. Asghari; S. Masoumi; H. Komaki; A. Taherkhani; M. Adabi; M. Abbasifard; G. Bazmandegan; Z. Kamiab; A. Vakilian; M. Anjomshoa; A. Mokari; S. Sabour; M. Shahbaz; R. Saeedi; H. Ahmadieh; T. Yousefinezhadi; A. Haj-Mirzaian; R. Nikbakhsh; S. Safi; S. Asgari; S.N. Irvani; N. Jahanmehr; K. Ramezanzadeh; M. Abbasi-Kangevari; M. Khayamzadeh; H. Abbastabar; R. Shirkoohi; M. Fazlzadeh; H. Janjani; M. Hosseini; M. Mansournia; H. Tohidinik; A. Bakhtiari; A. Fazaeli; S. Mousavi; A. Hasanzadeh; B. Nabavizadeh; R. Malekzadeh; M. Hashemian; A. Pourshams; H. Salimzadeh; S.G. Sepanlou; M. Afarideh; A. Esteghamati; S. Esteghamati; A. Ghajar; B. Heidari; N. Rezaei; E. Mohamadi; A. Rahimi-Movaghar; F. Rahim; S. Eskandarieh; M. Sahraian; F. Mohebi; A. Aminorroaya; H. Ebrahimi; F. Farzadfar; B. Mohajer; F. Pishgar; S. Saeedi Moghaddam; M. Shabani; H. Zarafshan; H. Abolhassani; N. Hafezi-Nejad; R. Heidari-Soureshjani; M. Abdollahi; M. Farahmand; P. Salamati; E. Mehrabi Nasab; M. Tajdini; S. Aghamir; R. Mirzaei; Z. Dibaji Forooshani; M.M. Khater; F. Abd-Allah; A. Abdelalim; A. Abualhasan; S.I. El-Jaafary; A. Hassan; A. Elsharkawy; A.M. Khater; H.R. Elhabashy; M.R.R. Salem; H. Salem; M. Sadeghi; M. Jafarinia; M. Amini-Rarani; N. Mohammadifard; N. Sarrafzadegan; I. Abdollahpour; A. Sarveazad; A. Tehrani-Banihashemi; J. Yoosefi Lebni; N. Manafi; H. Pazoki Toroudi; F. Dorostkar; V. Alipour; A. Sheikhtaheri; J. Arabloo; S. Azari; A. Ghashghaee; A. Rezapour; M. Naserbakht; A. Kabir; F. Mehri; M. Yousefifard; M. Asadi-Aliabadi; E. Babaee; B. Eshrati; S. Goharinezhad; M. Moradi-Lakeh; P. Abedi; V. Rashedi; V. Kumar; I.Y. Elgendy; S. Basu; J. Park; A. Pereira; O.F. Norheim; A.W. Eagan; L.E. Cahill; A. Sheikh; A.I. Abushouk; M.U.G. Kraemer; B. Thakur; T.W. Bärnighausen; M.G. Shrime; A. Abedi; C.P. Doshi; K.H. Abegaz; B.S. Geberemariyam; Y.A. Aynalem; W.S. Shiferaw; A.E. Abosetugn; V. Aboyans; E.M. Abrams; M. Gitimoghaddam; N. Kissoon; J.L. Stubbs; M. Brauer; I.O. Iyamu; J.A. Kopec; F. Pourmalek; A.P. Ribeiro; D.C. Malta; R.S. Gomez; L.G. Abreu; M.R.M. Abrigo; A.M. Almulhim; S.M.A. Dahlawi; F.H. Pottoo; R.G. Menezes; T.M. Alanzi; A.K. Alumran; A.K. Abu Haimed; M. Madadin; F.M. Alanezi; E. Abu-Gharbieh; B. Saddik; L.J. Abu-Raddad; A.M. Samy; N. El Nahas; A.S. Shalash; A.F. Nabhan; A.M. Kamath; N.J. Kassebaum; A.Y. Aravkin; S. Kochhar; R.J.D. Sorensen; A. Afshin; K. Burkart; E.A. Cromwell; L. Dandona; S.D. Dharmaratne; E. Gakidou; S.I. Hay; H.H. Kyu; A.D. Lopez; R. Lozano; A.T. Misganaw; A.H. Mokdad; M. Naghavi; D.M. Pigott; R.C. Reiner; G.A. Roth; J.D. Stanaway; S. Vollset; T. Vos; H. Wang; S.S. Lim; C.J.L. Murray; R. Kalani; K.S. Ikuta; D.Y. Cho; C.J. Kneib; C.S. Crowe; B.B. Massenburg; S.D. Morrison; A. Acebedo; J.D. Adelson; K.M. Agesa; T. Alam; S.B. Albertson; J.A. Anderson; C.M. Antony; C. Ashbaugh; M. Assmus; G. Azhar; S. Balassyano; M.S. Bannick; C.M. Barthelemy; R.G. Bender; F.B. Bennitt; G.J. Bertolacci; M.H. Biehl; C. Bisignano; A.S. Boon-Dooley; P.S. Briant; D. Bryazka; B.R. Bumgarner; C.S. Callender; J. Cao; C.D. Castle; E. Castro; K. Causey; K.M. Cercy; J. Chalek; F.J. Charlson; A.J. Cohen; H. Comfort; K. Compton; A.J. Croneberger; J.A. Cruz; M. Cunningham; R. Dandona; W.J. Dangel; F.E. Dean; N.K. DeCleene; A. Deen; L. Degenhardt; Z.V. Dingels; I.N. Dippenaar; M.A. Dirac; A.J. Dolgert; S. Emmons-Bell; K. Estep; T. Farag; V.L. Feigin; R. Feldman; G. Ferrara; A.J. Ferrari; R. Fitzgerald; L.M. Force; J.T. Fox; T.D. Frank; W. Fu; K. Fukutaki; J.E. Fuller; N. Fullman; N.C. Galles; W.M. Gardner; A. Gershberg Hayoon; E. Goren; T.M. Gorman; H.C. Gottlich; G. Guo; B. Haddock; H. Hagins; L.M. Haile; E.B. Hamilton; C. Han; H. Han; J.D. Harvey; K. Henny; H.J. Henrikson; N.J. Henry; M.E. Herbert; T. Hsiao; C.K. Huynh; V.C. Iannucci; H. Ippolito; C.M.S. Irvine; H. Jafari; D. Jahagirdar; S.L. James; C.O. Johnson; S.C. Johnson; C. Keller; L. Kemmer; P.J. Kendrick; M. Knight; J.M. Kocarnik; K.J. Krohn; S.L. Larson; K.M. Lau; J.R. Ledesma; A.T. Leever; K.E. LeGrand; H. Lescinsky; C. Lin; H. Liu; Z. Liu; J. Lo; A. Lu; J. Ma; E.R. Maddison; H. Manguerra; A. Marks; I. Martopullo; C.I. Mastrogiacomo; E.A. May; M.D. Mooney; J.F. Mosser; E.C. Mullany; J. Mumford; S.B. Munro; V. Nandakumar; J. Nguyen; M. Nguyen; E. Nichols; M.R. Nixon; C.M. Odell; K.L. Ong; A.U. Orji; S.M. Ostroff; M. Pasovic; K.R. Paulson; S.A. Pease; A. Pennini; M. Pierce; T.M. Pilz; M. Pletcher; P.C. Rao; C. Razo; S.B. Redford; N. Reinig; M.B. Reitsma; P. Rhinehart; T. Robalik; S. Roberts; N.L.S. Roberts; S. Rolfe; A.N. Sbarra; L.E. Schaeffer; K.A. Shackelford; J. Shadid; F. Sharara; D.H. Shaw; B.S. Sheena; K.E. Simpson; A. Smith; C.N. Spencer; E.E. Spurlock; B.A. Stark; C. Steiner; K.M. Steuben; D.O. Sylte; M. Tang; H.J. Taylor; S. Terrason; A.M. Thomson; A.E. Torre; R. Travillian; C.E. Troeger; A. Vongpradith; M.K. Walters; J. Wang; A. Watson; S. Watson; J.L. Whisnant; H.A. Whiteford; K.E. Wiens; L.B. Wilner; S. Wilson; E.E. Wool; S.S. Wozniak; J. Wu; S. Wulf Hanson; H. Wunrow; R. Xu; S. Yadgir; J.A. Yearwood; H.W. York; C. Yuan; J.T. Zhao; P. Zheng; S.R.M. Zimsen; B.S. Zlavog; A.Y. Chang; E. Oren; R. Buchbinder; K.L. Chin; Y. Guo; K.R. Polkinghorne; A.G. Thrift; S.W.H. Lee; I.N. Ackerman; F.M. Cicuttini; S. Li; S. Zaman; H. Suleria; J. Zhang; B.C. Cowie; T. Wijeratne; G.C. Patton; S.M. Sawyer; T. Adair; A. Meretoja; O.O. Adetokunboh; A.A. Adamu; C.J. Iwu; C.D.H. Parry; S. Seedat; D.E. Ndwandwe; P.W. Mahasha; D.J. Stein; C.A. Nnaji; E.Z. Sambala; C.S. Wiysonge; O.M. Adebayo; O.S. Ilesanmi; M.O. Owolabi; A.M. Adeoye; I.A. Adedeji; V. Adekanmbi; S.E. Ibitoye; Y.O. John-Akinola; M.M. Oluwasanu; O.B. Oghenetega; R.O. Akinyemi; H. Zandian; D. Adham; T. Zahirian Moghadam; S.M. Advani; W.L. Teagle; D. Braithwaite; P. Agasthi; S. Saadatagah; M. Afshari; E.E. Agardh; P. Allebeck; A. Danielsson; K. Deuba; J.J. Carrero; D.K. Mohammad; S. Fereshtehnejad; J. Ärnlöv; C. Nowak; C.R. Cederroth; A. Ahmadi; A. Pathak; E.J. Mills; O.P. Kurmi; A.T. Olagunju; G. Agarwal; T. Sathish; M. Aghaali; A. Mohammadbeigi; A. Agrawal; T. Ahmad; K. Ahmadi; S. Maleki; M. Naderi; M.R. Salahshoor; R. Pourmirza Kalhori; A. Almasi; Y. Salimi; S. Siabani; A. Ziapour; A. Barzegar; H. Khazaie; N. Kianipour; F. Amiri; S. Salehi Zahabi; M. Mirzaei; M. Shamsi; F. Najafi; A. Jalali; K. Ghadiri; F. Heydarpour; N. Fattahi; B. Karami Matin; A. Kazemi Karyani; M. Pirsaheb; F. Rajati; E. Sadeghi; Y. Safari; K. Sharafi; S. Soltani; Y. Vasseghian; Z. Atafar; F. Jalilian; M. Mirzaei-Alavijeh; S. Saeidi; M. Soofi; A. Zangeneh; B. Mansouri; M. Ahmadi; M.A. Khafaie; S. Safiri; M. Moghadaszadeh; M. Asghari Jafarabadi; L. Doshmangir; F. Jadidi-Niaragh; M. Ghafourifard; A. Spotin; M. Khodayari; H. Samadi Kafil; L.R. Kalankesh; E. Ahmadpour; B. Yousefi; F. Ansari; H. Hassankhani; S. Karimi; H. Haririan; S. Mereta; M.B. Ahmed; G.T. Feyissa; L.G. Ciobanu; B. Aji; G.L. Aynalem; B. Gebresillassie; Y.G. Tefera; T.Y. Akalu; A.G. Baraki; G.A. Tesema; Z.T. Tessema; A.T. Tamiru; Z.N. Azene; H.B. Netsere; Y. Yano; T. Akinyemiju; C. Wu; S. Zadey; Z. Samad; J.S. Ji; P.P. Doshi; O. John; V. Jha; P.K. Maulik; K. Pesudovs; S. Resnikoff; P.B. Mitchell; P.S. Sachdev; B. Akombi; M.A. Godinho; R.Q. Ivers; A.E. Peden; R. Biswas; S. Boufous; C.J. Akunna; F. Alahdab; M.S. Hammer; A. van Donkelaar; Z. Al-Aly; R.P. Dellavalle; S. Alam; R.V. Martin; N. Alam; D. De Leo; S.K. Tadakamadla; K. Alam; J.E. Alcalde-Rabanal; L. Avila-Burgos; E. Serván-Mori; E. Denova-Gutiérrez; S. Rodríguez-Ramírez; L. Morales; A. Poznańska; B. Wojtyniak; J.A. Rivera; I.R. Campos-Nonato; J. Campuzano Rincon; T.G. Sánchez-Pimienta; M.B. Mengesha; F.T. Welay; N.M. Alema; D.G. Demsie; H. Teame; B.F. Teklehaimanot; B.W. Alemu; T. Gultie; A.B. Bante; Y.G. Yeshitila; Y.C.D. Geramo; M. Glagn; M.B. Sorrie; F.G. W/hawariat; A. Amare; A. Kasa; Y. Alemu; K.M. Mihretie; D.D. Atnafu; F.M. Demeke; A. Melese; S.A. Bante; G.A. Dessie; E.W. Mengesha; D. Nigatu; M.A.H. Almadi; K.F. Alhabib; Y. Mohammad; K.A. Altirkawi; M. Temsah; N. Kugbey; M.A. Ayanore; R.K. Alhassan; M. Ali; S. Ali; G. Alicandro; R. Kalhor; M. Alijanzadeh; C. Alinia; H. Yusefzadeh; A. Didarloo; H. Alizade; A. Nikpoor; S.M. Aljunid; F. Alla; L.F. Leal; A. Almasi-Hashiani; R. Moradzadeh; M. Zamanian; J. Nazari; S. Amini; F. Ghamari; N.A. Almasri; M. Khan; H.M. Al-Mekhlafi; N. Bedi; J. Alonso; E.S.P. Ciber; R.M. Al-Raddadi; J. Zakzuk; N. Alvis-Guzman; N.J. Alvis-Zakzuk; C.A. Castañeda-Orjuela; J.N. Malagón-Rojas; K. Gezae; H.A. Gesesew; S. Muthupandian; G.G. Gebremeskel; K. Berhe; B. Amare; M.A. Ayza; L.G. Gebremeskel; A.A.A. Gebreslassie; H. Bitew; K.A. Zewdie; F.G.G. Tela; T.K. Gill; J. Noubiap; Z.S. Lassi; D. Bhandari; A.L. Amit; C.T. Antonio; E.A. Faraon; J.F. Lopez; S.R. Atre; S.H. Ballew; K. Matsushita; A.T. Khoja; P. Daneshpajouhnejad; M. Ghadimi; O. Shafaat; J. Fanzo; D.A. Amugsi; G.H. Amul; D.S.Q. Koh; N. Venketasubramanian; E.W. Anbesu; J.A. Mohammed; T.G. Wondmeneh; C. Andrei; R.I. Negoi; D.V. Davitoiu; A. Manda; I. Negoi; L. Preotescu; M. Hostiuc; S. Hostiuc; R. Ancuceanu; M. Hasan; J. Leung; D. Anderlini; A.A. Mamun; J.C. Maravilla; J.J. McGrath; R. Lalloo; R. Uddin; H.E. Erskine; L.D. Knibbs; A.M. Mantilla Herrera; D.F. Santomauro; A. Mirica; M. Ausloos; C. Herteliu; A. Oţoiu; A. Pana; T. Andrei; S. Ştefan; S. Androudi; C. Angus; I. Ansari; H. Pourjafar; M. Shams-Beyranvand; A. Ansari-Moghaddam; M. Khammarnia; I. Antonazzo; P. Ferrara; S. Conti; P.A. Cortesi; C. Fornari; P.H. Lee; E. Antriyandarti; Z. Yousefi; A. Rafiei; J. Javidnia; R. Faridnia; D. Anvari; A. Goudarzian; M. Moosazadeh; M. Rezai; A. Daryani; M. Fareed; R. Anwer; S. Appiah; D. Paudel; M. Dichgans; S. Riahi; A. Rajabpour-Sanati; M. Arab-Zozani; A.A.K. Arba; O. Aremu; F. Ariani; T. Aripov; B. Armoon; M.M. Mahdavi; O.O. Arowosegbe; F. Tediosi; K.K. Aryal; A. Mosapour; M. Yaminfirooz; A. Arzani; A. Bijani; M.A. Jahani; S. Mouodi; M. Zamani; M. Asaad; M. Dianatinasab; M. Bahrami; K. Pakshir; A.A. Asadi-Pooya; M. Bayati; S. Shahabi; S. Athari; M.M.W. Atout; M.S. Atteraya; T. Brugha; F. Ausloos; E.F.G. Avokpaho; R. Room; M. Islam; D. Edvardsson; M. Rahman; B. Ayala Quintanilla; P.W. Gething; A.M. Briggs; G. Ayano; D. Hendrie; T.R. Miller; P.S. Azzopardi; P. Hoogar; D.B. B; V. Kulkarni; N. Kumar; P. Mithra; R.S. Shetty; R. Thapar; J. Padubidri; S.M. Bakkannavar; V.C. Nayak; P. Rastogi; B.K. Shetty; R. Bhageerathy; N. Gudi; A. Boloor; R. Holla; P. Rathi; B. Unnikrishnan; M.D. Janodia; J.J. Lang; A. Badawi; H.M. Orpana; Z.A. Bhutta; K.D. Shield; V. Chattu; A.D. Badiye; N. Kapoor; M. Bagherzadeh; N. Rabiee; E. Bagli; A.A. Baig; M. Bairwa; R. Lodha; R. Sagar; G.K. Rath; P. Bhardwaj; J. Charan; T. Kanchan; A. Joshi; A.P. Pakhare; M. Bakhshaei; B. Naghshtabrizi; A. Balachandran; H.W. Hoek; M.J. Postma; A. Geremew; A.M. Gebrehiwot; S. Balakrishnan; A. Desalew; H.A. Bojia; A.S. Mohammed; L.D. Regassa; P.G.K. Parmar; S. Balalla; S. Roberts; A. Baldasseroni; M.A. Stokes; K. Ball; S. Islam; R. Maddison; D. Balzi; M. Levi; M. Banach; S.K. Banerjee; P.C. Banik; L. Barua; M. Faruque; M.A. Barboza; S.L. Barker-Collo; J.B. Jonas; S. Panda-Jonas; J. De Neve; S. Kohler; B. Moazen; Shafiu Mohammed; L.H. Barrero; H. Basaleem; Q. Bassat; J.M. Haro; A. Koyanagi; J. Car; F. Greaves; A. Majeed; A.C. Davis; T.J. Steiner; D. Kusuma; R. Palladino; S. Rawaf; S. Saxena; D.L. Rawaf; B.T. Baune; A. Karch; B.A. Baye; J. Darega Gela; T. Kolola; J.S. Becker; M. DeLang; J. West; M.M. Gad; M.L. Serre; S. Gallus; A. Lugo; E. Beghi; E. Pupillo; C. Bosetti; G. Giussani; B. Bikbov; N. Perico; G. Remuzzi; M. Imani-Nasab; S. Nouraei Motlagh; Z. Sharafi; M. Behzadifar; Y. Béjot; T.T. Bekuma; M.T. Yilma; M.L. 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The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 provides a rules-based synthesis of the available evidence on levels and trends in health outcomes, a diverse set of risk factors, and health system responses. GBD 2019 covered 204 countries and territories, as well as first administrative level disaggregations for 22 countries, from 1990 to 2019. Because GBD is highly standardised and comprehensive, spanning both fatal and non-fatal outcomes, and uses a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of hierarchical disease and injury causes, the study provides a powerful basis for detailed and broad insights on global health trends and emerging challenges. GBD 2019 incorporates data from 281 586 sources and provides more than 3·5 billion estimates of health outcome and health system measures of interest for global, national, and subnational policy dialogue. All GBD estimates are publicly available and adhere to the Guidelines on Accurate and Transparent Health Estimate Reporting. From this vast amount of information, five key insights that are important for health, social, and economic development strategies have been distilled. These insights are subject to the many limitations outlined in each of the component GBD capstone papers. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd
Genetic diversity study of Cercospora canescens (Ellis & Martin) isolates, the pathogen of Cercospora leaf spot in legumes
(2006) A. Joshi; J. Souframanien; R. Chand; S.E. Pawar
Genetic diversity was studied in eleven different isolates of Cercospora canescens (Ellis & Martin), the causative agent of Cercospora leaf spot in legumes. The isolates, which were obtained from different geographical locations, had different morphological and pigment production characteristics. The polymorphism at the molecular level was studied by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker technique and variation in the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of ribosomal DNA (rDNA). RAPD profiling clustered all the isolates into three clusters. Considerable genetic diversity was observed in the isolates from the same geographical location. rDNA analysis showed length variation in ITS of two isolates from mungbean, with one 600 bp band common to both. Restriction analysis could differentiate between the common 600 bp bands of the two isolates. The present study indicates that compared to restriction analysis of the ITS region, the RAPD technique is better suited for determining the genetic diversity and differentiation of C. canescens isolates.
Global age-sex-specific fertility, mortality, healthy life expectancy (HALE), and population estimates in 204 countries and territories, 1950–2019: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
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Eskandarieh; M. Sahraian; F. Mohebi; A. Aminorroaya; H. Ebrahimi; F. Farzadfar; B. Mohajer; F. Pishgar; S. Saeedi Moghaddam; M. Shabani; H. Zarafshan; H. Abolhassani; N. Hafezi-Nejad; R. Heidari-Soureshjani; M. Abdollahi; M. Farahmand; P. Salamati; E. Mehrabi Nasab; M. Tajdini; S. Aghamir; R. Mirzaei; Z. Dibaji Forooshani; M.M. Khater; F. Abd-Allah; A. Abdelalim; A. Abualhasan; S.I. El-Jaafary; A. Hassan; A. Elsharkawy; A.M. Khater; H.R. Elhabashy; M.R.R. Salem; H. Salem; M. Sadeghi; M. Jafarinia; M. Amini-Rarani; N. Mohammadifard; N. Sarrafzadegan; I. Abdollahpour; A. Sarveazad; A. Tehrani-Banihashemi; J. Yoosefi Lebni; N. Manafi; H. Pazoki Toroudi; F. Dorostkar; V. Alipour; A. Sheikhtaheri; J. Arabloo; S. Azari; A. Ghashghaee; A. Rezapour; M. Naserbakht; A. Kabir; F. Mehri; M. Yousefifard; M. Asadi-Aliabadi; E. Babaee; B. Eshrati; S. Goharinezhad; M. Moradi-Lakeh; P. Abedi; V. Rashedi; V. Kumar; I.Y. Elgendy; S. Basu; J. Park; A. Pereira; O.F. Norheim; A.W. Eagan; L.E. Cahill; A. 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Noubiap; Z.S. Lassi; D. Bhandari; A.L. Amit; C.T. Antonio; E.A. Faraon; J.F. Lopez; S.R. Atre; S.H. Ballew; K. Matsushita; A.T. Khoja; P. Daneshpajouhnejad; M. Ghadimi; O. Shafaat; J. Fanzo; D.A. Amugsi; G.H. Amul; D.S.Q. Koh; N. Venketasubramanian; E.W. Anbesu; J.A. Mohammed; T.G. Wondmeneh; C. Andrei; R.I. Negoi; D.V. Davitoiu; A. Manda; I. Negoi; L. Preotescu; M. Hostiuc; S. Hostiuc; R. Ancuceanu; M. Hasan; J. Leung; D. Anderlini; A.A. Mamun; J.C. Maravilla; J.J. McGrath; R. Lalloo; R. Uddin; H.E. Erskine; L.D. Knibbs; A.M. Mantilla Herrera; D.F. Santomauro; A. Mirica; M. Ausloos; C. Herteliu; A. Oţoiu; A. Pana; T. Andrei; S. Ştefan; S. Androudi; C. Angus; I. Ansari; H. Pourjafar; M. Shams-Beyranvand; A. Ansari-Moghaddam; M. Khammarnia; I. Antonazzo; P. Ferrara; S. Conti; P.A. Cortesi; C. Fornari; P.H. Lee; E. Antriyandarti; Z. Yousefi; A. Rafiei; J. Javidnia; R. Faridnia; D. Anvari; A. Goudarzian; M. Moosazadeh; M. Rezai; A. Daryani; M. Fareed; R. Anwer; S. Appiah; D. Paudel; M. Dichgans; S. Riahi; A. Rajabpour-Sanati; M. Arab-Zozani; A.A.K. Arba; O. Aremu; F. Ariani; T. Aripov; B. Armoon; M.M. Mahdavi; O.O. Arowosegbe; F. Tediosi; K.K. Aryal; A. Mosapour; M. Yaminfirooz; A. Arzani; A. Bijani; M.A. Jahani; S. Mouodi; M. Zamani; M. Asaad; M. Dianatinasab; M. Bahrami; K. Pakshir; A.A. Asadi-Pooya; M. Bayati; S. Shahabi; S. Athari; M.M.W. Atout; M.S. Atteraya; T. Brugha; F. Ausloos; E.F.G. Avokpaho; R. Room; M. Islam; D. Edvardsson; M. Rahman; B. Ayala Quintanilla; P.W. Gething; A.M. Briggs; G. Ayano; D. Hendrie; T.R. Miller; P.S. Azzopardi; P. Hoogar; D.B. B; V. Kulkarni; N. Kumar; P. Mithra; R.S. Shetty; R. Thapar; J. Padubidri; S.M. Bakkannavar; V.C. Nayak; P. Rastogi; B.K. Shetty; R. Bhageerathy; N. Gudi; A. Boloor; R. Holla; P. Rathi; B. Unnikrishnan; M.D. Janodia; J.J. Lang; A. Badawi; H.M. Orpana; Z.A. Bhutta; K.D. Shield; V. Chattu; A.D. Badiye; N. Kapoor; M. Bagherzadeh; N. Rabiee; E. Bagli; A.A. Baig; M. Bairwa; R. Lodha; R. Sagar; G.K. Rath; P. Bhardwaj; J. Charan; T. Kanchan; A. Joshi; A.P. Pakhare; M. Bakhshaei; B. Naghshtabrizi; A. Balachandran; H.W. Hoek; M.J. Postma; A. Geremew; A.M. Gebrehiwot; S. Balakrishnan; A. Desalew; H.A. Bojia; A.S. Mohammed; L.D. Regassa; P.G.K. Parmar; S. Balalla; S. Roberts; A. Baldasseroni; M.A. Stokes; K. Ball; S. Islam; R. Maddison; D. Balzi; M. Levi; M. Banach; S.K. Banerjee; P.C. Banik; L. Barua; M. Faruque; M.A. Barboza; S.L. Barker-Collo; J.B. Jonas; S. Panda-Jonas; J. De Neve; S. Kohler; B. Moazen; Shafiu Mohammed; L.H. Barrero; H. Basaleem; Q. Bassat; J.M. Haro; A. Koyanagi; J. Car; F. Greaves; A. Majeed; A.C. Davis; T.J. Steiner; D. Kusuma; R. Palladino; S. Rawaf; S. Saxena; D.L. Rawaf; B.T. Baune; A. Karch; B.A. Baye; J. Darega Gela; T. Kolola; J.S. Becker; M. DeLang; J. West; M.M. Gad; M.L. Serre; S. Gallus; A. Lugo; E. Beghi; E. Pupillo; C. Bosetti; G. Giussani; B. Bikbov; N. Perico; G. Remuzzi; M. Imani-Nasab; S. Nouraei Motlagh; Z. Sharafi; M. Behzadifar; Y. Béjot; T.T. Bekuma; M.T. Yilma; M.L. Bell; A.K. Bello; A. Rafiee; S.H. Keddie; T.C.D. Lucas; C. Dolecek; S.J. Dunachie; S.F. Rumisha; D.J. Weiss; S. Lewington; E.L. Collins; A.K. Nandi; Y. Zhao; D.A. Bennett; M.A. Karim; B. Lacey; R. Khundkar; S. Yaya; A.C. Goulart; I.S. Santos; I.M. Bensenor; P.A. Lotufo; M.R. Tovani-Palone; J. Castaldelli-Maia; Y. Wang; J.M. Furtado; C.P. Benziger; A.E. Berman; M. Mazidi; E. Bernabe; P.I. Dargan; M. Molokhia; K. Shibuya; A. Douiri; C.D.A. Wolfe; R.J. Hay; C. Flohr; P.S. Suchdev; P. Ram; R.S. Bernstein; Y. Liu; A.S. Bhagavathula; G. Khan; M. Grivna; N. Bhala; J.S. Chandan; A.M. Gaidhane; Z. Quazi Syed; D. Saxena; M. Khatib; A.G. Bhat; K. Bhattacharyya; S. Bhattarai; J.K. Das; S. Bibi; V. Bilano; M. Bin Sayeed; N. Cherbuin; E. D'Amico; G. Grosso; A.M. Borzì; A. Biondi; M. Vacante; A. Valli; B.M. Birihane; D. Bisanzio; S. Hassan; T. Bjørge; S. Øverland; M.J. Bockarie; G.A. Mensah; K. Sliwa; A. Gholamian; S. Bohlouli; S. Esmaeilnejad; M. Bohluli; S.R. Bolla; G. Borges; D. Bose; R. Bourne; C. Brayne; N.J.K. Breitborde; J.L. Fisher; S. Breitner; H. Brenner; A.V. Breusov; I. Rakovac; N.I. Briko; P.D. Lopukhov; E.V. Glushkova; V.A. Korshunov; R.V. Polibin; M. Jakovljevic; A.N. Briko; G.B. Britton; F. Castro; I. Moreno Velásquez; R.T. Burnett; S. Burugina Nagaraja; R. Busse; Z.A. Butt; F. Caetano dos Santos; T. Cai; B.J. Hall; L. Cahuana-Hurtado; L.A. Cámera; P.R. Valdez; L. Tudor Car; R. Cárdenas; G. Gorini; G. Carreras; E. Fernandes; M. Freitas; D.M. Pereira; J.V. Santos; D. Ribeiro; M. Pinheiro; J. Massano; J. das Neves; D. Dias da Silva; F. Carvalho; V.M. Costa; J.P. Silva; J. Morgado-da-Costa; G. Castelpietra; F. Catalá-López; S. Pakhale; E. Cerin; P. Yip; H. Ho; J. Chang; A.R. Chang; K. Chang; O.R. Cooper; S. Chaturvedi; O. Chimed-Ochir; J.L. Chirinos-Caceres; J.J. Choi; H. Christensen; T.C. Truelsen; D. Chu; M. Kivimäki; S. Chung; M. Kumar; J.L. Ward; M.T. Chung; M. Cirillo; R. Virclo; T.K.D. Classen; P. Lauriola; B. Corso; F.N. Hugo; C. Kieling; E. Cousin; B.B. Duncan; B.N.G. Goulart; M.I. Schmidt; C. Stein; R.G. Cowden; J.H. MacLachlan; J. Leigh; M. Cross; M.L. Ferreira; E.U.R. Smith; T.R. Driscoll; T.M. Huda; D.G. Hoy; N. Horita; D.H. Cross; H. Dai; G. Hu; A.A.M. Damasceno; G. Damiani; C. La Vecchia; J. Sanabria; A. Pandey; M.R. Mathur; S. Zodpey; G. Kumar; D.K. Lal; K. Hamagharib Abdullah; M. Hosseinzadeh; A.M. Darwesh; A. Faraj; A. Omar Bali; R. Das Gupta; A.P. Dash; G. Davey; K. Deribe; K.B. Gebremedhin; A.B. Wondmieneh; N.D. Dereje; C.A. Dávila-Cervantes; K. Davletov; A. Mereke; B. Serdar; T.G. Haile; D.B. Tadesse; G.T. Weldesamuel; G.T. Demoz; G. Woldu; D. Handiso; N. Dervenis; F. Topouzis; R. Desai; G.P. Dhungana; M. Emamian; D. Diaz; S. Djalalinia; T.H. Nguyen; G.T. Vu; H.T. Do; K. Dokova; D.T. Doku; S. Neupane; J.S. Takala; M.C. Doxey; K.E. Doyle; A.M.N. Renzaho; F.A. Ogbo; S.R. Robinson; A. Vukovic; I.M. Ilic; M.M. Santric-Milicevic; I.S. Vujcic; E. Dubljanin; R. Vukovic; D. Rasella; A.R. Duraes; M. Ebrahimi Kalan; A. Effiong; C.D. Pond; J.R. Ehrlich; X. Liu; M.Y.W. Wei; I. El Sayed; M. El Tantawi; M. El Sayed Zaki; I. Elbarazi; A.C. Tsai; I.R. Elyazar; V. Yazdi-Feyzabadi; K. Eskandari; H. Sharifi; I. Halvaei; F. Ghaffarifar; L. Zaki; E. Hasanpoor; F. Esmaeilzadeh; A. Etemadi; Q. Lan; T.Y. Yeheyis; A.E. Etisso; O. Ezekannagha; C.S. e Farinha; A. Farioli; F.S. Violante; P.S. Faris; A. Faro; J.O. Lam; I. Filip; F. Fischer; L.S. Flor
Background: Accurate and up-to-date assessment of demographic metrics is crucial for understanding a wide range of social, economic, and public health issues that affect populations worldwide. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 produced updated and comprehensive demographic assessments of the key indicators of fertility, mortality, migration, and population for 204 countries and territories and selected subnational locations from 1950 to 2019. Methods: 8078 country-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 938 surveys, 349 censuses, and 238 other sources were identified and used to estimate age-specific fertility. Spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression (ST-GPR) was used to generate age-specific fertility rates for 5-year age groups between ages 15 and 49 years. With extensions to age groups 10–14 and 50–54 years, the total fertility rate (TFR) was then aggregated using the estimated age-specific fertility between ages 10 and 54 years. 7417 sources were used for under-5 mortality estimation and 7355 for adult mortality. ST-GPR was used to synthesise data sources after correction for known biases. Adult mortality was measured as the probability of death between ages 15 and 60 years based on vital registration, sample registration, and sibling histories, and was also estimated using ST-GPR. HIV-free life tables were then estimated using estimates of under-5 and adult mortality rates using a relational model life table system created for GBD, which closely tracks observed age-specific mortality rates from complete vital registration when available. Independent estimates of HIV-specific mortality generated by an epidemiological analysis of HIV prevalence surveys and antenatal clinic serosurveillance and other sources were incorporated into the estimates in countries with large epidemics. Annual and single-year age estimates of net migration and population for each country and territory were generated using a Bayesian hierarchical cohort component model that analysed estimated age-specific fertility and mortality rates along with 1250 censuses and 747 population registry years. We classified location-years into seven categories on the basis of the natural rate of increase in population (calculated by subtracting the crude death rate from the crude birth rate) and the net migration rate. We computed healthy life expectancy (HALE) using years lived with disability (YLDs) per capita, life tables, and standard demographic methods. Uncertainty was propagated throughout the demographic estimation process, including fertility, mortality, and population, with 1000 draw-level estimates produced for each metric. Findings: The global TFR decreased from 2·72 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 2·66–2·79) in 2000 to 2·31 (2·17–2·46) in 2019. Global annual livebirths increased from 134·5 million (131·5–137·8) in 2000 to a peak of 139·6 million (133·0–146·9) in 2016. Global livebirths then declined to 135·3 million (127·2–144·1) in 2019. Of the 204 countries and territories included in this study, in 2019, 102 had a TFR lower than 2·1, which is considered a good approximation of replacement-level fertility. All countries in sub-Saharan Africa had TFRs above replacement level in 2019 and accounted for 27·1% (95% UI 26·4–27·8) of global livebirths. Global life expectancy at birth increased from 67·2 years (95% UI 66·8–67·6) in 2000 to 73·5 years (72·8–74·3) in 2019. The total number of deaths increased from 50·7 million (49·5–51·9) in 2000 to 56·5 million (53·7–59·2) in 2019. Under-5 deaths declined from 9·6 million (9·1–10·3) in 2000 to 5·0 million (4·3–6·0) in 2019. Global population increased by 25·7%, from 6·2 billion (6·0–6·3) in 2000 to 7·7 billion (7·5–8·0) in 2019. In 2019, 34 countries had negative natural rates of increase; in 17 of these, the population declined because immigration was not sufficient to counteract the negative rate of decline. Globally, HALE increased from 58·6 years (56·1–60·8) in 2000 to 63·5 years (60·8–66·1) in 2019. HALE increased in 202 of 204 countries and territories between 2000 and 2019. Interpretation: Over the past 20 years, fertility rates have been dropping steadily and life expectancy has been increasing, with few exceptions. Much of this change follows historical patterns linking social and economic determinants, such as those captured by the GBD Socio-demographic Index, with demographic outcomes. More recently, several countries have experienced a combination of low fertility and stagnating improvement in mortality rates, pushing more populations into the late stages of the demographic transition. Tracking demographic change and the emergence of new patterns will be essential for global health monitoring. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license
Is the injection of DNA enough to cause bacteriophage P22-induced changes in the cellular transport process of Salmonella typhimurium?
(1979) P.N. Bandyopadhyay; B.D. Gupta; A. Joshi; M. Chakravorty
[No abstract available]
MB78, a virulent bacteriophage of Salmonella typhimurium
(1982) A. Joshi; J.Z. Siddiqi; G.R.K. Rao; M. Chakravorty
The isolation and some properties of a virulent bacteriophage of Salmonella typhimurium, MB78, which is morphologically, serologically, and physiologically unrelated to P22, are reported. The phage has a noncontractile long tail with partite ends. It cannot multiply in minimal medium in the presence of citrate. MB78-infected cells are, however, killed in such medium. This phage cannot grow in rifampin-resistant mutants of the host. The latent period of growth of this phage is much shorter than that of P22. Both sieA and sieB genes of the resident P22 prophage are required to exclude the superinfecting MB78 phage, whereas all temperate phages related to P22 are excluded by either one or both of the genes individually. Restriction endonuclease cleavage patterns of P22 and MB78 are distinctly different. The absence of homology between the two phages P22 and MB78 suggests that MB78 is not related to phage P22.
Modeling of 2011 IndoNepal Earthquake and Scenario Earthquakes in the Kumaon Region and Comparative Attenuation Study Using PGA Distribution with the Garhwal Region
(Birkhauser Verlag AG, 2019) Sandeep; A. Joshi; S.K. Sah; Parveen Kumar; Sohan Lal; Sonia Devi; Monika
Kumaon and Garhwal regions are the chief terrains of Uttarakhand Himalaya. The present article simulates the strong ground motion of the 2011 IndoNepal earthquake in the Kumaon region using modified semi empirical technique (MSET). Acceleration records at ten stations in the near field region have been simulated which validates well with actual records and therefore confirms the reliability of MSET. In addition, MSET has been used to simulate strong motion records of future scenario earthquakes (Mw 7.0 and Mw 8.0) in Kumaon region by assuming the earthquake location same as that of 2011 IndoNepal earthquake. Isoacceleration maps are also provided, which reveals more than 400 gal value of PGA at epicentral distances less than 25 kms for an earthquake of magnitude 8.0. The comparison of isoacceleration map of future scenario earthquake (Mw 7.0) in Kumaon region has been done with isoacceleration map of 1991 Uttarkashi earthquake (Mw 6.8) in Garhwal region which suggests distinct attenuation characteristics of these two regions. © 2019, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
Modeling of the strong ground motion of 25th April 2015 Nepal earthquake using modified semi-empirical technique
(Springer International Publishing, 2018) Sohan Lal; A. Joshi; Sandeep; Monu Tomer; Parveen Kumar; Chun-Hsiang Kuo; Che-Min Lin; Kuo-Liang Wen; M.L. Sharma
On 25th April, 2015 a hazardous earthquake of moment magnitude 7.9 occurred in Nepal. Accelerographs were used to record the Nepal earthquake which is installed in the Kumaon region in the Himalayan state of Uttrakhand. The distance of the recorded stations in the Kumaon region from the epicenter of the earthquake is about 420–515 km. Modified semi-empirical technique of modeling finite faults has been used in this paper to simulate strong earthquake at these stations. Source parameters of the Nepal aftershock have been also calculated using the Brune model in the present study which are used in the modeling of the Nepal main shock. The obtained value of the seismic moment and stress drop is 8.26 × 1025 dyn cm and 10.48 bar, respectively, for the aftershock from the Brune model.The simulated earthquake time series were compared with the observed records of the earthquake. The comparison of full waveform and its response spectra has been made to finalize the rupture parameters and its location. The rupture of the earthquake was propagated in the NE–SW direction from the hypocenter with the rupture velocity 3.0 km/s from a distance of 80 km from Kathmandu in NW direction at a depth of 12 km as per compared results. © 2018, Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences & Polish Academy of Sciences.
Modelling of 1991 Uttarkashi and 2011 Indo-Nepal earthquakes using the modified semi-empirical technique by integrating site-specific quality factor
(Springer, 2023) Monika; Sandeep; Parveen Kumar; Sonia Devi; A. Joshi
Strong ground motion simulation is a reliable tool for seismic hazard assessment and mitigation of any region. The distribution of hazards during an earthquake is greatly influenced by the attenuation properties of the medium. Typically, regional attenuation characteristic is employed for strong motion simulation rather than site-specific attenuation. In the current study, the newly developed semi-empirical simulation approach is modified to use a site-specific attenuation relation. Initially, the medium attenuation characteristics are quantified by estimating frequency-dependent S-wave quality factor (Qβ(f)) at each recording station. These obtained Qβ(f) relations at each station are further utilised to estimate the regional relation for the Garhwal and Kumaon regions as (90±4)f (0.86±0.05) and (54±2)f (0.89±0.1), respectively. These values suggest that the Garhwal region is relatively less attenuative and more credible for seismic hazards compared to the Kumaon region. The Qβ(f) obtained at each recording station are further used to simulate the 1991 Uttarkashi (Mw 6.8) and 2011 Indo-Nepal (Mw 5.4) earthquakes. An improved match is perceived between the observed and simulated records with site-specific Qβ(f) values instead of regional ones. This comparison successfully validates the present modification in SET. This work provides insight into getting more realistic simulated results and explores recent trends in strong motion seismology for seismic hazard evaluation. © 2023, Indian Academy of Sciences.
Modelling of 2016 Kumamoto earthquake by integrating site effect in semi-empirical technique
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2022) Sonia Devi; Sandeep; Parveen Kumar; Monika; A. Joshi
The 2016 Kumamoto earthquake (MJMA7.3) struck central area of Kyushu Island, Japan. The presence of near surface low velocity layer greatly amplified the ground motions and caused severe damage in this region. Therefore, it is essential to study the site characteristics of Kumamoto region. For this purpose, the present research article describes the modification in existing semi-empirical technique of strong motion simply by incorporating the site effect. These site effects are calculated using Horizontal to Vertical ratio (H/V) method. The estimated predominant frequencies (fpeak) for these stations varies between 2.5 and 7.5 Hz. The sites with low fpeak indicate higher soil thickness cover and hence, locations are more susceptible to damage. The station KMMH06 used in this work lies in close proximity to one of the major landslide locations (Minami Aso Village), triggered during this earthquake. The low to intermediate fpeak value estimated at KMMH06 proposes the area prone to site amplification and severe damage. Also, the initial location and parameters of rupture model of this earthquake are considered based on past seismicity and other empirical relations available. The detailed analysis proposes nucleation point in extreme NW corner of the rupture plane. Afterwards, the developed source model and modified technique compositely used to simulate high frequency records at eight near field stations. This includes time histories, response spectra, predominant period (Tp) and mean period (Tm). The above comparison successfully validates modified semi-empirical and source model for 2016 Kumamoto earthquake. As far as we are aware, this work is the first to model rupture plane of 2016 Kumamoto earthquake by means of modified semi-empirical technique. It provides adequately reliable results which will be advantageous for seismic hazard assessment of this region. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.
Modelling of strong motion generation areas for a great earthquake in central seismic gap region of Himalayas using the modified semi-empirical approach
(Springer, 2019) Sandeep; A. Joshi; S.K. Sah; Parveen Kumar; Sohan Lal; Kamal
Over the past decades, strong motion generation areas (SMGAs) have received significant attention in the modelling of high-frequency records. Herein, we propose the source model for a scenario earthquake (Mw 8.5) in the central seismic gap region of Himalayas. On the rupture plane, three SMGAs have been identified. Further, SMGA parameters are evaluated using available empirical relations. The spatiotemporal distribution of aftershocks is utilised to locate these SMGAs on the rupture plane. Further, the modified semi-empirical technique (MSET) is used to simulate the strong motion records. It has been observed that the study area can expect peak ground acceleration of >100cm/s2 and its distribution is mainly affected by the location of nucleation point in the rupture plane. Furthermore, the estimated peak ground acceleration (PGA) values are comparable with the earlier studies in the region. This confirms the robustness of generated rupture model with three SMGAs and the reliability of MSET to simulate high-frequency records. © 2019, Indian Academy of Sciences.
Partial resistance components for the management of spot blotch pathogen Bipolaris sorokiniana of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)
(2011) B. Bashyal; Ramesh Chand; L. Prasad; A. Joshi
Eighty barley genotypes were evaluated for partial resistance components of spot blotch disease of barley caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana under field conditions. Barley genotypes were inoculated with 29 B isolate of Bipolaris sorokiniana and the Area Under Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC), size of lesion, number of lesions leaf-1 and number of spores lesion-1 were recorded for penultimate leaves. A wide range of variation was observed for the components of partial resistance in barley genotypes. AUDPC and size of lesion identified as first principal components for the resistance. Further cluster analysis clustered genotypes into 10 groups and barley genotypes BCU5592, BCU5613, BCU1452, BCU138 and BCU133 exhibited low AUDPC, smaller lesion size, less number of lesions leaf-1 and less number of spores lesion-1. Selecting these genotypes exhibiting resistant components could be helpful in reducing losses caused by disease and thus contribute to increased yield.
Simulation of Strong Ground Motion of the 2009 Bhutan Earthquake Using Modified Semi-Empirical Technique
(Birkhauser Verlag AG, 2017) Sandeep; A. Joshi; Sohan Lal; Parveen Kumar; S.K. Sah; Vandana; Kamal
On 21st September 2009 an earthquake of magnitude (Mw 6.1) occurred in the East Bhutan. This earthquake caused serious damage to the residential area and was widely felt in the Bhutan Himalaya and its adjoining area. We estimated the source model of this earthquake using modified semi empirical technique. In the rupture plane, several locations of nucleation point have been considered and finalised based on the minimum root mean square error of waveform comparison. In the present work observed and simulated waveforms has been compared at all the eight stations. Comparison of horizontal components of actual and simulated records at these stations confirms the estimated parameters of final rupture model and efficacy of the modified semi-empirical technique (Joshi et al., Nat Hazards 64:1029–1054, 2012b) of strong ground motion simulation. © 2017, Springer International Publishing AG.
Site response study based on H/V method using S-wave: A case study in the Kumaon Himalaya, India
(Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, 2019) Parveen Kumar; Sonia Devi; Monika; Abhyuday Srivastava; Sandeep; A. Joshi; Richa Kumari
In this paper, site response study is conducted in highly mountain terrains of the Kumaon Himalaya, India by using Horizontal to Vertical spectral ratio method (H/V) (H/V is ratio of Fourier spectrum of horizontal and vertical component of the record). Strong ground motion data of 110 local earthquakes recorded during year 2006-2013 and the S-phase of these records are utilised to characterize the site effects of the Kumaon Himalaya region. Resonance frequencies at different observation sites are enumerated by using the H/V technique proposed by Nakamura (1989) and later modified by Lermo & Chavez Gaarcia (1993) for S-wave. It is perceived that obtained resonance frequencies vary from one station to another. Recording stations provide different values of resonance frequencies ranging from 0.7 to 8.1 Hz. A close resemblance is observed between resonance frequency and rock type i.e. stations of high values of resonance frequencies are situated at high compact rocks as compared to the stations of low values. Hence, stations having low resonance frequency may be having the potential for high seismic hazard. In the present study, the values of resonance frequencies have increasing trend from south to north direction, which may be the signature of increasing grade of compactness of the rock from south to north. © 2019, Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology. All rights reserved.
Source model estimation of the 2005 Kyushu Earthquake, Japan using Modified Semi Empirical Technique
(Elsevier Ltd, 2017) Sandeep; A. Joshi; S.K. Sah; Parveen Kumar; Sohan Lal; Vandana; Kamal; R.S. Singh
The 2005 Kyushu earthquake (MW 6.6, MJMA 7.0) occurred northwest of Fukuoka, Japan causing much damage and injuries. Here, we model the earthquake's source using the data recorded at surrounding field stations. Two isolated strong motion generation areas (SMGA) are identified on the rupture plane. The parameters of each SMGA are estimated using source displacement spectra and then used the spatiotemporal distribution of aftershocks to identify possible locations of SMGAs on the rupture plane. A modified semi empirical technique (MSET) simulated the records for the estimated rupture model. We then compared the observed and simulated acceleration records from eight regional stations. A comparable match between the observed and simulated records confirms the robustness of two SMGA rupture model and ability of MSET to simulate strong ground motion. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd
Spatial variability studies of attenuation characteristics of Qα and Qβ in Kumaon and Garhwal region of NW Himalaya
(Springer, 2020) Monika; Parveen Kumar; Sandeep; Sushil Kumar; A. Joshi; Sonia Devi
The present work explores the attenuation characteristics of Garhwal and Kumaon regions of northwest Himalaya, India. A comparative study of P- and S-wave quality factors (Qα and Qβ) is used to appreciate the different attenuation characteristics of these two regions. The strong motion data of 105 local earthquakes recorded in Garhwal and Kumaon region are considered for the analysis. The coda normalization method is implemented to compute Qα and Qβ at each recording site of form Q(f) = Qofn. The regional relationship obtained by using site-specific quality factor relations is Qα(f) = (55 ± 3)f(0.90±0.06), Qβ(f) = (74 ± 5)f(0.87±0.08) for Garhwal region and Qα(f) = (34 ± 1)f(0.94±0.03), Qβ(f) = (58 ± 2)f(0.90±0.02) for Kumaon region, which clearly suggest the existence of spatial variation of attenuation properties in these two regions. The Kumaon region has low Qα and Qβ as compared to Garhwal, which means Kumaon region has high rate of attenuation than Garhwal region, as Q is inversely proportional to the attenuation. Hence, based on obtained attenuation properties it is proposed that Garhwal region has high seismic hazard potential zone as compared to its adjacent Kumaon region. The high value of Qβ/Qα (˃ 1) obtained in the present work indicates the presence of fluid or partially saturated rocks in the earth crust for both Garhwal and Kumaon regions. The variable value of ratio (Qβ/Qα) obtained for Garhwal and Kumaon region specifies the different fluid saturations or fluid types existing for both the regions, and it may be the possible reason of distinct attenuation properties of these two regions. © 2020, Springer Nature B.V.