Browsing by Author "A.K. Rai"

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A prospective study comparing conservative with operative treatment in patients with a 'floating shoulder' including assessment of the prognostic value of the glenopolar angle
(British Editorial Society of Bone and Joint Surgery, 2013) V. Yadav; G.N. Khare; S. Singh; V. Kumaraswamy; N. Sharma; A.K. Rai; A.G. Ramaswamy; H. Sharma
Both conservative and operative forms of treatment have been recommended for patients with a 'floating shoulder'. We compared the results of conservative and operative treatment in 25 patients with this injury and investigated the use of the glenopolar angle (GPA) as an indicator of the functional outcome. A total of 13 patients (ten male and three female; mean age 32.5 years (24.7 to 40.4)) were treated conservatively and 12 patients (ten male and two female; mean age 33.67 years (24.6 to 42.7)) were treated operatively by fixation of the clavicular fracture alone. Outcome was assessed using the Herscovici score, which was also related to changes in the GPA at one year post-operatively. The mean Herscovici score was significantly better three months and two years after the injury in the operative group (p < 0.001 and p = 0.003, respectively). There was a negative correlation between the change in GPA and the Herscovici score at two years follow-up in both the conservative and operative groups, but neither were statistically significant (r = -0.295 and r = -0.19, respectively). There was a significant difference between the pre- and post-operative GPA in the operative group (p = 0.017). When compared with conservative treatment, fixation of the clavicle alone gives better results in the treatment of patients with a floating shoulder. The GPA changes significantly with fixation of clavicle alone but there is no significant correlation between the pre-injury GPA and the final clinical outcome in these patients. ©2013 The British Editorial Society of Bone & Joint Surgery.
Algal Particles in the Atmosphere
(Elsevier Inc., 2011) N.K. Sharma; A.K. Rai
The presence of algae in the atmosphere has long been recognized. Besides being a potent health threat to human beings, airborne algae play an important role in the algal dispersal, colonization of new habitats, and extension of harmful algal blooms. This article provides state-of-art information on various aspects of airborne algae with main emphasis on the risks associated with human exposure to aerosolized algal particles and their toxins. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Algal Particles in the Atmosphere
(Elsevier, 2011) N.K. Sharma; A.K. Rai
The presence of algae in the atmosphere has long been recognized. Besides being a potent health threat to human beings, airborne algae play an important role in the algal dispersal, colonization of new habitats, and extension of harmful algal blooms. This article provides state-of-art information on various aspects of airborne algae with main emphasis on the risks associated with human exposure to aerosolized algal particles and their toxins. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
An efficient approach of Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) and ICAP-AES to detect the elemental profile of Ocimum L. species
(Elsevier Ltd, 2015) Durgesh Kumar Tripathi; A.K. Pathak; D.K. Chauhan; N.K. Dubey; A.K. Rai; Rajendra Prasad
The present study is aimed to investigate the micro- and macro-element distribution in the leaves of four Ocimum species viz. Ocimum basilicum, Ocimum sanctum, Ocimum gratissimum and Ocimum americanum. For this, Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) and Inductively Coupled Argon Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICAP-AES) were used. LIBS spectra of different Ocimum leaves (in the form of pellets) were recorded in the spectral range of 200-900. nm, which shows the atomic lines of potassium (K), sodium (Na), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and silicon (Si) along with lighter elements like carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O) and nitrogen (N). Similarly, ICAP-AES also confirmed the presence of above mentioned elements as well as their patterns (except the lighter elements due to its identification limits). Results of both the techniques clearly revealed that Ca is the most abundant element in all the species followed by K, Mg and Na. Results further suggested that O. sanctum is a highly mineral rich species followed by the O. basilicum, O. gratissimum and O. americanum. Principal component analysis (PCA) was also used on data set of LIBS spectra of Ocimum species which revealed PC1 (72%) and PC2 (26%) data matrix explaining 100% variance in the data set. The PCA plots clearly classified the cultivated and wild species and separated them in the two clusters. Conclusively, the present work demonstrated the suitability of LIBS technique due to its rapid, nondestructive and eco-friendly approach and gives the comparative account of mineral availability in Ocimum spp. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd.
Associated Anomalies With Those Of The Hands
(Georg Thieme Verlag, 2023) F.M. Tripathi; R. Atam; A.K. Rai; S.K. Gupta
The present study is based on the observations of associated anomalies with those of the 50 cases of congenital hand anomalies. 15 cases had associated anomalies of feet and 4 had anomalies of the other parts of the body like face and genito urinary tract. © 2023 Authors. All rights reserved.
Athermal physiological effects of microwaves on a cynobacterium Nostoc muscorum: evidence for EM-memory bits in water
(Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1994) S.P. Singh; Subas Rai; A.K. Rai; S.P. Tiwari; S.S. Singh; Samarketu; J. Abraham
Athermal physiological effects of continuous wave and modulated microwaves were studied on a cynobacterium Nostoc muscorum. The study shows that different microwave frequencies in continuous wave and modulated modes produced significantly different physiological effects on the algae. Water-mediated bioeffects further present additional proof that water has the capability to remember the imposed electromagnetic field characteristics for an extended period of time. © 1994 IFMBE.
Benthic foraminiferal diversity response to the climate induced changes in the eastern Arabian Sea oxygen minimum zone during the last 30 ka BP
(Elsevier Ltd, 2015) A.D. Singh; A.K. Rai; K. Verma; S. Das; S.K. Bharti
A high resolution record of deep sea benthic foraminiferal diversity variations in the eastern Arabian Sea for the last 30kaBP was obtained from two sediment cores (SK17 and MD131) retrieved from the present day Oxygen Minimum Zone (OMZ) in the Indian margin off Goa. The benthic foraminiferal diversity is represented in terms of Sander's rarefaction number (S100), Shannon Wiener Index [H(S)], Equitability (E') and Alpha Index (α). Records of diversity indices exhibit millennial scale changes during the late glacial and deglacial periods, corresponding to the Northern Hemisphere climatic events. We compared the faunal diversity with proxy records of primary productivity (Corg %) and bottom water oxygen (low-O2 taxa %). We suggest that benthic foraminiferal diversity in the eastern Arabian Sea OMZ is largely controlled by the primary productivity induced organic carbon flux and strength of bottom water oxygenation. The less diverse fauna along with increased percentages of Corg and low- O2 taxa during the last glacial maximum (18-22.5kaBP) suggest eutrophic and oxygen-poor benthic environment, attributed mainly to a strong OMZ associated with intense winter monsoon wind induced productivity and a weak deep ocean circulation. The intervals of distinct increase in diversity closely correspond with North Atlantic cold Heinrich events, when eastern Arabian Sea experienced significant declines in monsoon driven productivity and better deep sea ventilation due to enhanced inflow of Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW). © 2014 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA.
Calculation of stacking-fault energy of polytypic structure
(1974) R.S. Tiwari; A.K. Rai; O.N. Srivastava
A method of calculation of stacking-fault energy for polytypic structures has been developed. The method is based on the Hirth and Lothe procedure for fcc and bcc structures. The case of calculation of stacking-fault energy for cadmium iodide polytypic structures has been specifically dealt with. The applicability of the method to polytypic structures of other substances as well as to metallic and alloy phase structures has also been outlined. © 1974 The American Physical Society.
Changes in the levels and distribution of glycogen during regeneration of cutaneous wounds in Heteropneustes fossilis: A histochemical investigation
(1997) A.K. Rai; A.K. Mittal
Incisional wounds of the same length and depth were made in the skin of catfish Heteropneustes fossilis, and the response in terms of levels of glycogen in cells during healing was studied histochemically. After injury, glycogen disappeared completely from the cells in the migrating epidermis. This disappearance is correlated with the migration of the epidermal cells toward the wound gap for epithelialization and the increased production of mucous cells at the initial stages of healing. The gradual accumulation of glycogen in the epithelial cells and the basal cells after epithelialization of the wound during the catty stages of healing suggests that in these cells gluconeogenesis predominates. The gradual disappearance of glycogen from the epithelial cells 72 h after injury and from the basal cells 36 h after injury indicates the gradual resumption of their metabolite activities. The increased gradients of glycogen in club cells that are undergoing vacuolization and disintegration are discussed. No significant levels of glycogen were observed during the formation of granulation tissue and biosynthesis of the sub-cutis. The depletion of glycogen in the degenerating muscle bundles is correlated with the synthesis of lactic acid which contributes to local acidity and favours the autolysis of muscles.
Choline metabolic pathway gene polymorphisms and risk for Down syndrome: An association study in a population with folate-homocysteine metabolic impairment
(Nature Publishing Group, 2017) S.K. Jaiswal; K.K. Sukla; A. Chauhan; A.R. Lakhotia; A. Kumar; A.K. Rai
Background/objectives:Choline is an essential nutrient involved in one-carbon metabolism, but its role in mechanisms underlying meiotic non-disjunction is poorly known. The relationship between folate-homocysteine metabolic pathway gene polymorphism and Down syndrome (DS) risk has been widely analyzed, but there are limited reports on its correlation with choline metabolism. In the present case-control association study, we investigated the relationship of three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PEMT) rs12325817, choline dehydrogenase (CHDH) rs12676 and homocysteine methyltransferase (BHMT) rs3733890) of choline metabolism with risk for DS.Subject/methods:Genotyping of 228 mothers of a down syndrome child (DSM) and 200 control mothers (CMs) for all SNPs was performed by PCR coupled with restriction fragment length polymorphism method.Results:A significantly increased risk for BHMT +742AA genotype with an odds ratio of 4.96 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.66-14.88, P=0.0036) was observed. For PEMT rs12325817 and CHDH rs12676, no significant difference in allelic and genotypic frequencies was observed. In genotypic combination analysis considering PEMT -744GG/CHDH +432GG/BHMT +742GG as the reference combination, PEMT -744GC/CHDH +432GG/BHMT +742GG genotypic combination was significantly higher in DSM compared with that in CMs with an odds ratio of 2.061 (95% CI: 1.10-3.86, P=0.0342). We also observed an epistatic interaction between methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) rs1801133 and choline metabolic pathway gene variants.Conclusions:Our findings indicate impaired choline metabolism showing a greater risk for DS, especially in a population associated with homocysteine-folate impairment. Further studies are required to confirm our findings. © 2017 Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature. All rights reserved.
Comparative study of various preparation methods of CuO-CeO2 catalysts for oxidation of n-hexane and iso-octane
(Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS), 2013) A. Mishra; B.D. Tripathi; A.K. Rai; R. Prasad
The complete oxidation of n-Hexane and iso-Octane was studied individually in a fixed bed tubular flow reactor over CuO-CeO2 catalysts synthesized via four different methods namely urea-nitrate combustion method, urea gelation/co-precipitation method, citric acid sol-gel method and co-impregnation method. Laser diffraction was employed in catalysts characterization. The results obtained from the complete conversion of n-Hexane and iso-Octane revealed that the CuO-CeO2 catalysts prepared by urea-nitrate combustion method (UNC) showed the best performance than the catalysts prepared by other methods used in the present investigation. CuO-CeO2 catalysts prepared by UNC method achieve total n-Hexane and iso-Octane conversion to CO2 at lower temperatures of 280 °C and 340 °C respectively due to the larger surface area of the catalysts which increases the specific rate of reaction. © 2013 BCREC UNDIP.
Compositional study of gallbladder stone using photoacoustic spectroscopy
(Elsevier Ltd, 2019) Zainab Gazali; S.N. Thakur; A.K. Rai
Molecular composition of gallbladder stone has been investigated for the first time by means of photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS). The presence of cholesterol, calcium carbonate and bile acid, in the photoacoustic spectrum, have been established and compared with the UV–Visible absorption spectrum of acetone solution of powdered gallstone. The results of this investigation show that PAS is better suited to detect the presence of different chemical compounds in gallstones as compared to conventional absorption spectroscopy. Moreover, PAS does not require elaborate biomaterial's sample preparation. Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has been applied to reveal presence of atomic species in gallstone, that are involved in the molecular constituents revealed by PAS. © 2018
Contaminant concentration in environmental samples using LIBS and CF-LIBS
(2010) S. Pandhija; N.K. Rai; A.K. Rai; S.N. Thakur
The present paper deals with the detection and quantification of toxic heavy metals like Cd, Co, Pb, Zn, Cr, etc. in environmental samples by using the technique of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and calibration-free LIBS (CF-LIBS). A MATLABTM program has been developed based on the CF-LIBS algorithm given by earlier workers and concentrations of pollutants present in industrial area soil have been determined. LIBS spectra of a number of certified reference soil samples with varying concentrations of toxic elements (Cd, Zn) have been recorded to obtain calibration curves. The concentrations of Cd and Zn in soil samples from the Jajmau area, Kanpur (India) have been determined by using these calibration curves and also by the CF-LIBS approach. Our results clearly demonstrate that the combination of LIBS and CF-LIBS is very useful for the study of pollutants in the environment. Some of the results have also been found to be in good agreement with those of ICP-OES. © 2009 Springer-Verlag.
De novo assembly of bitter gourd transcriptomes: Gene expression and sequence variations in gynoecious and monoecious lines
(Public Library of Science, 2015) Anjali Shukla; V.K. Singh; D.R. Bharadwaj; Rajesh Kumar; Ashutosh Rai; A.K. Rai; Raja Mugasimangalam; Sriram Parameswaran; Major Singh; P.S. Naik
Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) is a nutritious vegetable crop of Asian origin, used as a medicinal herb in Indian and Chinese traditional medicine. Molecular breeding in bitter gourd is in its infancy, due to limited molecular resources, particularly on functional markers for traits such as gynoecy. We performed de novo transcriptome sequencing of bitter gourd using Illumina next-generation sequencer, from root, flower buds, stem and leaf samples of gynoecious line (Gy323) and a monoecious line (DRAR1). A total of 65,540 transcripts for Gy323 and 61,490 for DRAR1 were obtained. Comparisons revealed SNP and SSR variations between these lines and, identification of gene classes. Based on available transcripts we identified 80 WRKY transcription factors, several reported in responses to biotic and abiotic stresses; 56 ARF genes which play a pivotal role in auxin-regulated gene expression and development. The data presented will be useful in both functions studies and breeding programs in bitter gourd. © 2015 Shukla et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Effect of dc voltage on the laser optogalvanic spectrum of iodine molecule
(1987) A.K. Rai; S.B. Rai; S.N. Thakur; D.K. Rai
The Doppler-limited laser optogalvanic spectrum of the B-X system of I2 molecule has been recorded in the 570-630 nm region. It is found that the discrete spectrum of the B-X system is superposed over a weak continuum extending throughout this region. Upon increasing the applied voltage, the signal corresponding to some of the discrete bands in the lower wavelength region changes sign (from positive to negative). The continuum signal in the region 570-605 nm changes from positive to negative while the other part is much less affected by a change of voltage. © 1987.
Effect of host on the radiative (upconversion emission) as well as non-radiative relaxation (laser induced optical heating) in Tm3+/Yb3+ co-doped phosphors
(Elsevier B.V., 2020) Abhishek Dwivedi; Devendra Kumar; S.B. Rai; A.K. Rai
Tm3+/Yb3+ co-doped YVO4 (YVO:Tm, Yb); GdVO4 (GVO:Tm, Yb); Y2O3 (YO:Tm, Yb); Gd2O3 (GdO:Tm, Yb) and CaAl2O4 (CAO:Tm, Yb) phosphor samples have been synthesized using high temperature Solid State Reaction method. X-ray diffraction measurements confirm the pure phase formation of all the five phosphors. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) measurements give information about the different vibrational groups and also the phonon frequency of the host materials. The radiative as well as non-radiative phenomena are observed in all phosphors on excitation with 980 nm laser radiation. Radiative process gives upconversion (UC) emission in Visible and NIR regions due to Tm3+ ion. On the other hand the non-radiative processes generate heat in the material known as laser induced optical heating. The Upconversion (UC) emission behavior of all the phosphors has been investigated on 980 nm excitation which gives intense blue, weak red and prominent NIR emissions. The overall UC emission intensity is maximum in Tm3+/Yb3+ co-doped GdVO4 phosphor as compared to the other four. The crystalline behavior, surface morphology and vibrational behavior play important role in emissive properties. Laser induced optical heating is observed in all the phosphors which show an increase in heating in the phosphors with the increase in pump power. The optical heating is affected by phonon frequencies of the phosphor materials. In the present work, heating is more prominent in the case of vanadate host (a self-activated host) which has phonon frequency near about 800 cm−1. Overall, the UC emission and laser induced optical heating is dominant in self-activated vanadate host as compared to the other oxide hosts. In between vanadate hosts, GVO:Tm, Yb shows better UC emission as well as laser induced optical heating. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.
Effect of modulated microwave frequencies on the physiology of a cyanobacterium, Anabaena doliolum
(1999) Subash Rai; S.P. Singh; Samarketu; S.P. Tiwari; A.K. Mishra; K.D. Pandey; A.K. Rai
The effect of microwave modulated with square waves of different pulse repetition frequencies was studied on the physiologic behavior of the cyanobacterium Anabaena doliolum. The organism was exposed either directly after inoculating the nutrient solution or indirectly by exposing the nutrient solution before inoculation with the cyanobacterium cells for 1 h to microwave (9.575 GHz) modulated with square wave pulse repetition frequencies of 1000, 700, 500, 200, 100, and 50 Hz at a fixed incident power density (0.658 mW/cm2). This study reveals that microwaves athermally induce different biologic effects, perhaps by changing the structures of water. Modulation frequency-dependent water structures appear to cause the biologic effects by differentially partitioning the ions, altering the rate and/or directions of biochemical reactions, or other mechanisms.
Effect of modulated microwave frequencies on the physiology of a cyanobacterium, Anabaena doliolum
(Marcel Dekker Inc., 1999) Subash Rai; S.P. Singh; Samarketu; S.P. Tiwari; A.K. Mishra; K.D. Pandey; A.K. Rai
The effect of microwave modulated with square waves of different pulse repetition frequencies was studied on the physiologic behavior of the cyanobacterium Anabaena doliolum. The organism was exposed either directly after inoculating the nutrient solution or indirectly by exposing the nutrient solution before inoculation with the cyanobacterium cells for 1 h to microwave (9.575 GHz) modulated with square wave pulse repetition frequencies of 1000, 700, 500, 200, 100, and 50 Hz at a fixed incident power density (0.658 mW/cm2). This study reveals that microwaves athermally induce different biologic effects, perhaps by changing the structures of water. Modulation frequency-dependent water structures appear to cause the biologic effects by differentially partitioning the ions, altering the rate and/or directions of biochemical reactions, or other mechanisms.
Effect of Nostoc muscorum Ag. ex Born. et Flah. toxins on the upper respiratory tract of mice
(2008) N.K. Sharma; S. Singh; R. Bajpayi; A.K. Rai
Intraperitonial administration of 10 μL of Nostoc muscorum Ag. ex Born. et Flah. crude extract was sufficient enough for the death of male AKR strain mice at 4 h of exposure. Body weight, behavioral and histological observations (necrosis of hepatic cells), and biochemical tests (protein phosphatase inhibition) indicated for the presence of microcystines in the crude extract. Since the cyanobacterium was airborne, the very doses were also administered intranasally into mice. A dose of 10 μL of the crude extract resulted in severe morphological alterations of nasal mucosa at 6 h of exposures, but not beyond the nasal cavity. The presence of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A in the tracheal tissues confirmed the susceptibility of the upper respiratory tissues against microcystins. However, due to the deposition of an insufficient amount of toxins post-nasal cavity respiratory tissues exhibited no response. This lack of a response indicated that the route of exposure plays an important role in conferring toxicity. ©Begell House Inc., 2008.
Effect of site selection on dielectric properties of Fe doped CaCu 3Ti4O12 electro-ceramic synthesized by citrate nitrate gel route
(Scientific Publishers, 2014) L. Singh; K.D. Mandal; U.S. Rai; A.K. Rai
The effect of doping of Fe at Cu2+ and Ti4+ sites in calcium copper titanate, CaCu3Ti4O12, has been examined. The compositions CaCu3-xFexTi4O 12 (CCFTO) and CaCu3Ti4-xFexO 12 (CCTFO), (x = 0.10) have been synthesized by citrate nitrate gel route. XRD analysis confirms the formation of single- phase ceramics on sintering at 900°C for 8 h. Structure of CaCu3Ti 4O12 does not change on doping with iron on Cu-site or Ti-site and it remains cubic. Surface morphology indicates that the average grain size is in range of 30-90 μm and 5-7 μm for systems CCFTO and CCTFO, respectively. EDX studies confirm the presence of Ca2+, Cu 2+, Ti4+ and Fe3+ ions as per stoichiometry of ceramics. The grain resistance of CCTFO is higher than that of CCFTO. Values of dielectric constant (εr) and dielectric loss (tanδ) of CCTFO are higher than those of CCFTO ceramic at all measured frequencies and temperatures. © 2014 Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science.