Browsing by Author "A.N. Gangopadhyay"

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A comparative study of intratumoral chemotherapy in advanced childhood common solid tumors
(Medknow Publications and Media Pvt. Ltd, 2007) Rajeev Rahi; K. Vijyendra; S.P. Sharma; N.C. Aryya; R.C. Shukla; S. Pradhan; T.B. Singh; A.N. Gangopadhyay
Background: Advanced and inoperable solid tumors in children are great killer despite aggressive multimodality treatment. Intravenous chemotherapy, due to high dose of drug given systemically, at times leads to abandonment of therapy due to systemic toxicities. To overcome this problem lots of studies are going on to explore alternative modes of giving anticancer drugs so as to decrease the systemic toxicities of the drugs and increase their therapeutic index at the same time. Aim: The study was conducted to know the results of anterior intratumoral chemotherapy and its comparison to anterior intravenous chemotherapy. Materials and Methods: Forty patients of advanced inoperable solid tumors in children (Wilms′ tumor and neuroblastoma) between 2000-2004 were randomly allocated to two groups. Group A (20 patients) was given intratumoral chemotherapy while Group B (20 patients) was given intravenous chemotherapy. Both the groups were compared in terms of reduction in size and volume, resectability of tumor, histopathological changes and side-effects of chemotherapeutic drugs. The Institute′s ethics committee approved this study. Results: Males were predominant in both type of cases (Wilms′ tumor and neuroblastoma) in both the groups (Group A and Group B). Mean age in the study was 3.27 years. All cases in Group A had Stage III disease except three cases which had Stage IV disease (one case of Wilms′ tumor and two cases of neuroblastoma) while in Group B only two cases had Stage IV disease (one case of Wilms′ tumor and one case of neuroblastoma). Intratumoral chemotherapy was found to be superior over intravenous chemotherapy in terms of reduction of size and volume (63% in Group A vs. 22% in Group B). The resectability was 70% in the intratumoral group in comparison to 40% in the intravenous group. The overall good histopathological response was 71% in Group A as opposed to 0% in Group B. Moreover, the incidence and severity of side-effects of chemotherapy and morbidity was less in intratumoral chemotherapy. Mortality was also low in Group A (5%) in comparison to Group B (20%). Conclusion: In this study intratumoral chemotherapy was found to be superior over intravenous chemotherapy in terms of better and early tumor regression, minimal side-effects, better tumor resectability and well response on histopathological criteria. This study is still going on at our center where different drug combinations, different drug doses, their toxicities, their mechanisms of action, their serum levels and long-term results of intratumoral mode of chemotherapy are to be evaluated thoroughly in future.
A new variant of esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula and duodenal atresia: A diagnostic dilemma
(Springer Verlag, 1997) C.K. Sinha; A.N. Gangopadhyay; S.P. Sahoo; S. Chooramani Gopal; D.K. Gupta; S.P. Sharma
A new variant of esophageal atresia (EA) with tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) associated with duodenal atresia is reported. The TEF was between the lower pouch and the trachea, with a cystic dilatation in the midportion. The tracheal end of the fistula was obstructed by a membranous septum at both ends of a cystic dilatation, leading to a diagnosis of pure EA (gasless abdomen). After the lower pouch was opened beyond the cystic dilatation, 100 ml nonbilious fluid was obtained. A laparotomy revealed a type III atresia of the first part of the duodenum.
A newer surgical approach for patent vitello-intestinal duct anomalies.
(1991) A.N. Gangopadhyay; S. Kulshreshtha
A newer, relatively quicker approach has been described for the treatment of patent VID. Its superior advantages over other approaches include better cosmetic results, is technically simpler and can be done using local anesthesia without an appreciable amount of blood loss.
A rare association of diphallus, colonic duplications, ileal atresia, and an anorectal malformation
(1996) S.P. Sharma; A.N. Gangopadhyay; D.K. Gupta; S. Chooramani Gopal; R.N. Dash; C.K. Sinha
Diphallus is a rare congenital anomaly that is often associated with various other anomalies of the midline structures of the posterior portion of the body. We report a unique case of a 1-day-old male with complete diphallus, incomplete bilateral tubular duplications of the colon, ileal atresia, and an anorectal malformation.
A study of the functional aberration of the pouch in anorectal malformation associated with congenital pouch colon
(2010) A.N. Gangopadhyay; A. Pandey; N. Rastogi; M.B. Mandal; S.C. Gopal; D.K. Gupta; A. Srivastava
Objective: There are no in vitro studies of congenital pouch colon (CPC) associated with anorectal malformation (ARM) to understand its mechanism of contractility. There is no consensus regarding the utilization of the CPC in repair of anorectal malformation. In view of the above, it was decided to carry out detailed in vitro physiological study of the excised CPC. Method: The excised specimens of CPC were taken and 15- to 20-mm long both longitudinal and transverse strips of muscle were obtained both from the proximal and distal part. Contraction was recorded using software chart-5 for windows. Drugs used were acetylcholine, histamine, adrenaline, atropine and pheniramine maleate. The amplitude of contractions was converted to tension gram and then the tension so developed was expressed as tension per unit mass (per gram of wet tissue). Results: There were total of 21 specimens of high ARM with CPC. Five specimens were of the complete pouch, which did not show a response to any drug and the remaining 16 had an incomplete pouch. The mean longitudinal and circular muscle contractions of these 16 samples were statistically higher for the proximal segment than the distal segment both for acetylcholine and histamine. The effect of atropine was not significant but that of adrenaline and pheniramine maleate were significant on the distal segment muscle. Conclusion: Congenital pouch colon being deficient or having poorly developed receptors in their wall can not function properly as a reservoir for faeces and, hence, it should be excised to allow adequate function. © 2010 The Authors. Journal Compilation © 2010 The Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland.
A unique presentation of atypical complete duplication of terminal ileum, colon, rectum, and urinary bladder
(W.B. Saunders, 1997) S. Chooramani Gopal; A.N. Gangopadhyay; D.K. Gupta; Chandrasen Kr. Sinha; Sakti P. Sahoo; L.B. Sharma
A unique case of complete duplication of urinary bladder, distal ileum, cecum, appendix, colon, and rectum with two mesocolons and separate vascular arcades is being reported.
Abdominal cocoon in children: A report of four cases
(W.B. Saunders, 1996) S.P. Sahoo; A.N. Gangopadhyay; D.K. Gupta; S.C. Gopal; S.P. Sharma; R.N. Dash
Abdominal cocoon is a rare cause of intestinal obstruction. The authors report four cases (3 boys, 1 girl; age range, 6 to 8 years) that presented with features of intestinal obstruction. There was no history of previous surgery, peritonitis, or prolonged drug intake in any of these cases. One patient presented with acute intestinal obstruction and gangrene of bowel. The etiology, preoperative diagnosis, and management of this condition are discussed.
Abdominal tuberculosis in Indian children
(Springer Verlag, 1996) S.P. Sharma; A.N. Gangopadhyay; S.C. Gopal; D.K. Gupta; R. Yadav
During the period 1980-1991, 166 cases (121 surgically explored and 45 treated conservatively) of abdominal tuberculosis in children were encountered at the Children's Hospital, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University. Various types of presentations and their management are discussed in the light of pertinent literature.
Adenocarcinoma of the esophagus in an 8-year-old boy [1]
(W.B. Saunders, 1997) A.N. Gangopadhyay; P.K. Mohanty; S. Chooramani Gopal; D.K. Gupta; U.P. Sahi; N.C. Aryya; S. Khanna
[No abstract available]
Agenesis of the bladder: A rare clinical entity in a male child
(1993) S. Chooramani Gopal; A.N. Gangopadhyay; S.P. Sharma; S.K. Pandit; P.K. Sharma
Agenesis of the bladder, one of the rarest anomalies of the urinary bladder, was for the first time managed successfully by primary ileocecal functional bladder reconstruction at the Children's Hospital, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University. The salient features along with a review of literature are presented. © 1993, Springer-Verlag. All rights reserved.
An unusual presentation of hydatid cyst in anterior abdominal wall
(Kathmandu University, 2008) Punit Srivastava; A.N. Gangopadhyay; V.D. Upadhyaya; S.P. Sharma; R. Jaiman
Hydatid disease is a parasitic infestation caused by the larval form of the cestode worm Echinococcus. The most commonly encountered form of the disease is visceral hydatid cyst caused by Echinococcus granulosus or dog tapeworm. Muscular involvement has been reported in only 3-4% cases. We are reporting this case because of its rarity, difficulty to diagnose clinically, dramatic response to medical treatment and to alert the reader of this rare infestation so that open biopsy will be avoided.
An unusual presentation of infantile gangrenous acalculous cholecystitis.
(1993) A.N. Gangopadhyay; S.K. Biswas; N.C. Arya; S.P. Sharma; S.C. Gopal
[No abstract available]
Anatomical variations in termination of the axillary artery and its clinical implications
(SAGE Publications Ltd, 2004) S.K. Pandey; A.N. Gangopadhyay; S.K. Tripathi; V.K. Shukla
Variations in the termination of the axillary artery (AA) were observed in 51 out of 356 axilla during routine dissections. The incidence of variation was higher on the right axilla in 17.42% cases (CI: 11.60-22.51) than the left axilla 11.24% cases (CI: 6.46-15.55) and was found to be 12.33% in male and 40.63% in female cadavers. The variations were divided into four groups. The first group showed that the terminal end of the AA divided into lateral and medial divisions in 6.16% (CI: 2.21-9.82) male and in 15.63% (CI: 2.76-25.25) female cadavers. The second group variation showed that the terminal end of the axillary artery divided into deep and superficial divisions in 2.74% (CI: 0.10-5.27) male and in 6.25% (CI: -1.87-13.13) female cadavers. The third group showed that the terminal end of the AA divided into three branches in 2.74% (CI: 0.10-5.27) male and in 6.25% (CI: -1.87-13.13) female cadavers. The fourth group showed the tapering of the terminal end of AA in 0.68% (CI: -0.63-1.99) male and 12.50% (CI: 0.97-21.46) female cadavers. The variable origin of the circumflex humeral, subscapular and profunda brachii arteries was also observed. These variations in the terminal end of the axillary artery are not only of significant clinical importance to orthopaedic and reconstructive surgeons but also have very significant medico-legal implications.
Anorectal anomaly (low) with imperforate hymen in a newborn.
(1992) A.N. Gangopadhyay; S.K. Pandit; S.C. Gopal
[No abstract available]
Anterior intratumoural chemotherapy: A newer modality of treatment in advanced solid tumours in children
(Elsevier (Singapore) Pte Ltd, 2008) A.N. Gangopadhyay; Rahi Rajeev; S.P. Sharma; Vijai D. Upadhyaya; N.C. Arya; Vijayendra Kumar; S.C. Gopal
OBJECTIVE: Advanced and inoperable solid tumours in children have high mortality despite aggressive multimodal treatment. Intravenous chemotherapy is abandoned at times because of systemic toxicity. This study investigated intratumoural chemotherapy and compared it with intravenous chemotherapy. METHODS: Forty children with advanced inoperable solid tumours (Wilms' tumour and neuroblastoma) were randomly allocated into two groups of 20. Group A was given intratumoural chemotherapy and group B was given intravenous chemotherapy. Both groups were compared for reduction in tumour size and volume, tumour resectability, histopathological changes and drug side effects. RESULTS: Intratumoural chemotherapy was superior to intravenous chemotherapy in terms of reducing tumour size and volume (63% in group A vs. 22% in group B). The resectability was 70% in the intratumoural group compared with 40% in the intravenous group. The overall good histopathological response was 71% in group A as opposed to 0% in group B. Moreover, the incidence and severity of drug side effects and morbidity were less with intratumoural chemotherapy. Mortality was also low in group A (5%) compared to group B (20%). CONCLUSION: Intratumoural chemotherapy can be offered as an effective and safe alternative treatment modality for advanced and inoperable Wilms' tumour and neuroblastoma. [Asian J Surg 2008; 31(4):225-9] © 2008 Elsevier.
Antitoxoplasma antibody in clinically suspected cases of human toxoplasmosis.
(1990) S. Kar; M.R. Sen; A.N. Gangopadhyay; P.C. Sen
(1) Seventy sera from a variety of patients suffering from different diseases suspected to be caused by Toxoplasma gondii infection and forty from non-toxoplasmic hospital cases and laboratory and hospital staff were collected. (2) Antitoxoplasma antibody was detected in those sera by Indirect Haemagglutination test (IHA test) and Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). (3) Twenty one (30%) sera out of 70 test samples and 2 (5%) out of 40 control samples were positive by ELISA test. With IHA test only 17 (24.3%) of test samples and same 2 (5%) of control samples were positive. (4) Sera collected from Paediatric Department showed the highest positivity (40%) followed by Opthalmological group (35.7%) and obstetrics and Gynaecological group (13.6%). (5) No significant co-relation was found between the seropositivity with sex, diet and history of cat contact of the patients.
Appendicostomy as a Venting Enterostomy for Colonic Atresia
(1999) A.N. Gangopadhyay; Ruchi Gupta; Sakti P. Sahoo
Colonic atresia is usually managed surgically by resection and end-to-end anastomosis but preferably with a venting enterostomy, if presentation is delayed. A new technique of appendicostomy was performed as a venting enterostomy in eight cases of colonic atresia with good results in our children's hospital during the period 1990–1995. © 1999, SAGE Publications. All rights reserved.
Ascaris lumbricoides causing intestinal obstruction in children - a review of 33 cases
(Springer-Verlag, 1989) Harsh Wardhan; A.N. Gangopadhyay; S.C. Gopal; G.D. Singhal
Intestinal obstruction in children due to Ascaris lumbricoides is a not uncommon entity in developing countries of Asia and Africa and more so in children of low socioeconomic status. It may produce either subacute or acute obstruction. Thirty-three children with intestinal obstruction due to Ascaris lumbricoides were seen in a period of 2.5 years (January 1984-July 1986) in the Children's Hospital Division of Paediatric Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India. The clinical presentation, complications, and management are discussed in the light of pertinent literature. © 1989 Springer-Verlag.
Assessment and comparison of fecal continence in children following primary posterior sagittal anorectoplasty and abdominoperineal pull through for anorectal anomaly using clinical scoring and MRI
(W.B. Saunders, 2016) A.N. Gangopadhyay; Vaibhav Pandey; D.K. Gupta; S.P. Sharma; Vijayendar Kumar; Ashish Verma
Introduction We aimed to compare and contrast these main surgical procedures for ARM in terms of structural outcome through pelvic MRI & functional outcome through Kelly's scoring. Material and method A prospective study was conducted from August 2011 to July 2013 including all the cases of ARM managed in single stage (operated by one surgeon, first author) since 1995 that came for follow up at age of 3 years or more. Patients were divided in three groups: Group 8.A, PSARP (60 patients); Group B, Abdomino-PSARP (40 patients); and Group C, APPT (40 patients). The functional assessment of anal continence was carried out at the age of 3 years or more using Kelly's method. Structural assessment was done by 1.5-T Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Results In 24 patients with rectobulbar fistula, 71.5% of Group A patients had good continence. In 50 patients with rectoprostatic fistula, 73.7% of Group A, 70% of group B and only 36% of Group C had good outcomes. Better development of each muscle was associated with better outcomes in terms of anal continence (P = 0.001). Conclusion There is better outcome with PSARP and Abdomino-PSARP in patients with rectobulbar and rectoprostatic fistula. MRI is a valuable modality for postoperative structural analysis of patients with ARM and is also useful for predicting the long term functional outcome of these cases. © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Atresia of ileocecal junction, ileocecal valve: Rare variants of bowel atresia
(2009) Punit Srivastava; A.N. Gangopadhyay; D.K. Gupta; S.P. Sharma; Vijay D. Upadhyaya; Vijayendra Kumar; Richa Jaiman
Atresia of ileocecal junction and isolated atresia of ileocecal valve are rare types of intestinal atresia with very few reports in literature. We report two such cases. Radiology showed dilated ileal segment and distal micro colon in both the cases. At laparotomy there was atresia of ileocecal junction in the first case and isolated ileocaecal valve atresia with normal ileocecal junction in the other case. Both the babies were managed by ileocolic resection with an end to end anastomosis. The prognosis of ileocecal atresias is satisfactory.