Browsing by Author "Abhinav Kumar"

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A Blockchain-Based Framework to Resolve the Oligopoly Issue in Cloud Computing
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2024) Amit Biswas; Gaurav Baranwal; Abhinav Kumar
Cloud computing is one of the foundation technologies of Industry 4.0. Cloud 2.0 is the upcoming cloud technology that addresses several bottlenecks of Cloud 1.0. For instance, the presence of small service providers is threatened by the dominance of a few giant service providers in today's cloud market in Cloud 1.0. Under this circumstance, the small service providers must work together to compete with the giant competitors to survive in the market. For that, small service providers require a transparent, fair, cost-effective, fault-tolerant, and easily scalable platform that can provide reliable and quality services to customers. This work introduces a blockchain-based framework to provide such a platform for cloud service providers and their customers. Here, a new consensus mechanism is proposed to maintain the system's fairness, decentralization, and consistency. A consensus-based service monitoring concept is also introduced to assess the service quality. If a service provider does not deliver the committed quality of service (QoS), a penalty is imposed on the service provider. This framework is designed so that the service providers are always bound to provide committed QoS to the customers. Finally, we performed several experiments, and the experimental results corroborate our claims regarding the proposed framework. © 2013 IEEE.
Application of π-extended ferrocene with varied anchoring groups as photosensitizers in TiO2-based dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs)
(2011) Ratna Chauhan; Manoj Trivedi; Lal Bahadur; Abhinav Kumar
Two new compounds, FcCH=NC6H4COOH (1) and FcCH=NCH2CH2OH (2) (Fc=C5H4FeC 5H5), have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy, and ESI-MS. Attempt has been made to explain their quasi-reversible redox behavior evidenced by cyclic voltammetry using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Light-harvesting properties of both the compounds and also the starting material, FcCHO (3), have been studied using these compounds as photosensitizers in TiO 2-based dye-sensitized solar cells having either a propylene carbonate-based electrolyte or ionic liquid electrolyte, namely, 1-propyl-3-methyl imidazolium iodide (PMII). Long-term stability of the photocurrent output of the cell using compound 1 as photosensitizer has been monitored periodically over 1400 h. Copyright © 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.
Artificial Intelligence-Based Model for Predicting the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of Antibacterial Peptides Against ESKAPEE Pathogens
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2024) Ritesh Sharma; Sameer Shrivastava; Sanjay Kumar Singh; Abhinav Kumar; Amit Kumar Singh; Sonal Saxena
In response to environmental threats, pathogens make several changes in their genome, leading to antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Due to AMR, the pathogens do not respond to antibiotics. Amongst drug-resistant pathogens, the ESKAPEE group of bacteria poses a major threat to humans, and therefore World Health Organization has given them the highest priority status. Antibacterial peptides (ABPs) are a family of peptides found in nature that play a crucial role in the innate immune systems of organisms. These ABPs offer several advantages over widely used antibiotics. As a result, they have recently received a lot of attention as potential replacements for currently available antibiotics. But it is expensive and time-consuming to identify ABPs from natural sources. Thus, wet lab researchers employ various tools to screen promising ABPs rapidly. However, the main limitation of the existing tools is that they do not provide the minimum inhibitory concentration values against the ESKAPEE pathogens for the identified ABP. To address this, in the current work, we developed ESKAPEE-MICpred, a two-input model that utilizes transfer learning and ensemble learning techniques. The concept of ensemble learning was realized by combining the decisions provided by deep learning algorithms, whereas the concept of transfer learning was realized by utilizing pretrained amino acid embeddings. The proposed model has been deployed as a web server at https://eskapee-micpred.anvil.app/ to aid the scientific community. © 2013 IEEE.
Bio-efficacy of botanical, microbial and newer insecticides in management of tomato fruit borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) in Varanasi region
(Malhotra Publishing House, 2023) Rupesh Kumar Gajbhiye; M. Raghuraman; Ingle Dipak Shyamrao; Abhinav Kumar
Among the various treatments, indoxacarb 14.5% SC @ 70 g a.i./ha was found best effective treatment against fruit borer recording per cent reduction over control of 54.00, 78.08 and 79.23 followed by chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC @ 30 g a.i./ha (26.27, 70.69 and 74.90%), flubendiamide 39.35% SC @ 48 g a.i./ha (41.91, 68.00 and 72.38%) and lambda cyhalothrin 5% EC @15 g a.i./ha (36.16, 62.49 and 67.14%), respectively during rabi season of 2017-18. During 2018-19 again indoxacarb 14.5% SC was found best effective recording per cent reduction over control of 65.98, 77.24 and 69.11 followed by chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC (56.65, 72.22 and 62.35%), flubendiamide 39.35% SC (52.16, 62.46 and 58.39%) and lamda cyhalothrin 5% EC (43.52, 66.80 and 55.24%), respectively. Lowest per cent reduction over control was recorded in Imidacloprid 17.8% SL followed by NSKE 5% during both the year of study. The maximum fruit yield (410 and 388 q/ha) was recorded in indoxacarb 14.5% SC followed by flubendiamide 39.35% SC (384 and 372 q/ha) and chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC (370 and 361 q/ha) and lowest in NSKE 5% (292 and 280 q/ha) and B. bassiana (298 and 271 q/ha). The highest cost benefit ratio of 4.98:1 and 6.26:1 was obtained from flubendiamide 39.35% SC during both the year of study. © 2023 MPH J. ent. Res.
Bioefficacy of conventional and newer insecticides against aphids, M. persicae (Sulzer) of tomato in Varanasi region
(Malhotra Publishing House, 2022) Rupesh Kumar Gajbhiye; M. Raghuraman; Ingle Dipak Shyamrao; Abhinav Kumar
Nine insecticidal treatments viz., chlorantraniprole 18.5% SC @ 30 g a.i./ha, flubendiamide 39.35% SC @ 48 g a.i./ha, lambda-cyhalothrin 5% EC @ 15 g a.i./ha, Beauveria bassiana @ 1X 1012 spore/ml, NSKE 5% @ 1000 ppm, novaluron (IGR) @ 75 g a.i./ha, imidacloprid 17.8% SL @ 30 g a.i./ha, indoxacarb 14.5% SC @ 70 g a.i./ha and spinosad 45% SC @ 70 g a.i./ha were field evaluated against aphids population. Results revealed that foliar spray of imidacloprid 17.8% SL @ 30 g a.i./ha was found to be the most effective treatment followed by indoxacarb 14.5% SC @ 70 g a.i./ha and spinosad 45% SC @ 70 g a.i./ ha taking into account of its better efficacy against aphids with overall per cent reduction over control of 70.69, 62.92 and 56.04 during year I and 75.55, 66.80 and 63.84 during year II. Minimum population of aphids was recorded in NSKE 5% @ 1000 ppm © 2022, Journal of Entomological Research.All Rights Reserved.
Conducting properties of new heterometallic one-dimensional coordination polymers derived from 1-nitroethylene-2,2-dithiolate (NED2-) ligand and their I2-doped products
(2013) Vikram Singh; Abhinav Kumar; Manoj K. Yadav; Lal Bahadur Prasad; Nanhai Singh
Four new heterometallic coordination polymers of general formula [M 2′M(NED)2] (M = Ni(II), M′ = Ag(I) 1 or Tl(I) 2; M = Cu(II), M′ = Ag(I) 3 or Tl(I) 4; NED2- = 1-nitroethylene-2,2-dithiolate) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, IR, ESR, UV-vis and magnetic susceptibility measurements. Powder XRD patterns of the compounds (1-4) show them virtually isostructural and significantly differ from those of their I2-doped products. All the compounds are weakly conducting at room temperature with σrt ≈ 10-12 S cm-1 and show behavior of semiconductors in the 300-420 K temperature range. Notably the conductivities of the I 2-doped derivatives show an enhancement of 103 order of magnitude and also exhibit semiconducting properties. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Deep-AVPpred: Artificial Intelligence Driven Discovery of Peptide Drugs for Viral Infections
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2022) Ritesh Sharma; Sameer Shrivastava; Sanjay Kumar Singh; Abhinav Kumar; Amit Kumar Singh; Sonal Saxena
Rapid increase in viral outbreaks has resulted in the spread of viral diseases in diverse species and across geographical boundaries. The zoonotic viral diseases have greatly affected the well-being of humans, and the COVID-19 pandemic is a burning example. The existing antivirals have low efficacy, severe side effects, high toxicity, and limited market availability. As a result, natural substances have been tested for antiviral activity. The host defense molecules like antiviral peptides (AVPs) are present in plants and animals and protect them from invading viruses. However, obtaining AVPs from natural sources for preparing synthetic peptide drugs is expensive and time-consuming. As a result, an in-silico model is required for identifying new AVPs. We proposed Deep-AVPpred, a deep learning classifier for discovering AVPs in protein sequences, which utilises the concept of transfer learning with a deep learning algorithm. The proposed classifier outperformed state-of-The-Art classifiers and achieved approximately 94% and 93% precision on validation and test sets, respectively. The high precision indicates that Deep-AVPpred can be used to propose new AVPs for synthesis and experimentation. By utilising Deep-AVPpred, we identified novel AVPs in human interferons-family proteins. These AVPs can be chemically synthesised and experimentally verified for their antiviral activity against different viruses. The Deep-AVPpred is deployed as a web server and is made freely available at https://deep-Avppred.anvil.app, which can be utilised to predict novel AVPs for developing antiviral compounds for use in human and veterinary medicine. © 2013 IEEE.
Effect of INM in aromatic rice (Oryza sativa) under SRI and its residual effect on wheat (Triticum aestivum)
(Indian Council of Agricultural Research, 2020) Abhinav Kumar; J.K. Singh; P.K. Upadhyay
The field experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Research Farm, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India during two consecutive rainy (kharij) and winter (rabi) seasons of 2015-16 and 2016-17 in split plot design to study the effect of integrated nitrogen management (INM) [100% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN: 120 kg N/ha), 75% RDN + 25% N through Azolla microphylla, 75% RDN + 25% RDN through NADEP compost, 75% RDN + 25% RDN through sewage sludge and 75% RDN + 25% RDN through vermicompost] in aromatic rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties (HUR-4-3, HUR-105, NDR-6093 and Rajendra Kasturi) under system of rice intensification and its residual effect on productivity of succeeding wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The results of the study revealed that the variety HUR-4-3 and the INM with 75% RDN + 25% N through Azolla microphylla were found superior in terms of enhanced growth, yield attributes, yield, nutrient uptake, milling quality and length-breadth ratio (L/B) before cooking as compared to rest of the varieties and integrated nitrogen management, respectively. It was found that soil microbial population get improved when 75% RDN was coupled with 25% N through Azolla microphylla. Further, higher gross income, net return and output-input ratio were attributed to the variety Rajendra Kasturi (177.47x103 130.35x!03 ?/ha and 3.79, respectively) and the application of 75% RDN + 25% N through Azolla microphylla (162.21 x 103 117.14x 103 ?/ha and 3.6, respectively). Moreover, varieties did not show marked effect on yield of the succeeding wheat while significant yield enhancement was evident as a result of nitrogen management in preceding rice with 75% RDN + 25% N through Azolla microphylla. © 2020 Indian Council of Agricultural Research. All rights reserved.
Efficient phenylmercury(ii) methylferrocenyldithiocarbamate functionalized dye-sensitized solar cells
(2010) Vikram Singh; Ratna Chauhan; Abhinav Kumar; Lal Bahadur; Nanhai Singh
Two new heterobimetallic phenylmercury(ii) dithiocarbamate complexes incorporating the ferrocenyl moiety (C5H5)Fe(C 5H4) (Fc), namely PhHgS2CN(CH 2Fc)CH2C5H4N, (1) and PhHgS 2CN(CH2Fc)CH2C4H3O, (2) have been prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, UV-Vis, IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopies. The crystal structures of 1 and 2 showed a linear core at the Hg(ii) centre of the molecule, bound by the sulfur atom of the dithiocarbamate ligand and carbon atom of the aromatic ring. Weak intermolecular Hg⋯S interactions form "head-to-tail" dimers in the cases of 1 and 2. The observed quasi-reversible cyclic voltammograms of the complexes have been corroborated by calculating gross natural electron population and gross natural electron spin population at each atom for the neutral as well its oxidized species obtained at density functional level (DFT) of theory, which suggests that the delocalization of electron spin population can affect the magnitude of ΔEp. The electronic absorption bands of both the complexes were assigned with the help of time dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations. The light harvesting properties of both 1 and 2 in conjunction with our previously reported compound PhHgS2CN(CH2Fc)CH2C6H5 (3) have been reported. © 2010 The Royal Society of Chemistry.
Enriching Pre-Training Using Fuzzy Logic
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2025) Vansh Gupta; Vandana Bharti; Abhinav Kumar; Anshul Sharma; Sanjay Kumar Singh
Graph representation learning advances graph machine learning by encoding structural and relational information into feature vectors. This study introduces a fuzzy logic-based pre-processing layer that enhances node representations by adding semantic diversity and contextual understanding. The layer models uncertainty and captures abstract semantic characteristics in graph data, addressing the limitations of conventional methods that depend solely on structural attributes. By applying defuzzification, the layer refines embeddings, improving their robustness and effectiveness for a wide range of downstream tasks. To test its robustness, we introduce Gaussian noise ranging from 2% to 10% into the datasets, simulating real-world data imperfections. We evaluate the proposed layer on GraphMamba architecture, using DeepWalk and Node2Vec as baseline node feature generation algorithms. The results show consistent improvements in accuracy, F1 scores, precision, and recall across different noise levels. Our findings demonstrate the layer's ability to preserve high representational quality, speed up convergence, and handle noisy representations effectively. © 2025 IEEE.
EVALUATION OF SAFETY OF SOME INSECTICIDES ON PREDATORY SPIDERS IN RICE ECOSYSTEM
(The Entomological Society of India, 2022) Ingle Dipak Shyamrao; M. Raghuraman; Abhinav Kumar; Rupesh Kumar Gajbhiye
An experimental trial in rice was conducted during kharif seasons of 2016 and 2017 at the Agriculture Research Farm, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi to evaluate the effect of conventional and newer insecticides viz., carbofuran 3%G @ 750 g a.i./ ha, thiamethoxam 25%WG @ 25 g a.i./ ha, fipronil 5%SC @ 50 g a.i./ ha, lambda-cyhalothrin 5%EC @ 20 g a.i./ ha, neem (Azadirachtin 0.15%EC) @ 4 ml/ l., flubendiamide 20%WG @ 25 g a.i./ ha, chlorantraniliprole 18.5%SC @ 30 g a.i./ ha, acetamiprid 20%SP @ 35 g a.i./ ha, dinotefuran 20%SG @ 40 g a.i./ ha and pymetrozine 50%WG @ 7.5 g a.i./ ha on spiders inhabitants of rice system. Except lambda-cyhalothrin 5%SP nearly all the insecticidal treatments showed slight effects against the spiders occurring in rice ecosystem. The results revealed that flubendiamide 20%WG @ 25 g a.i./ ha was the least toxic, allowing maximum occurrence of spiders (excluding untreated control). Thus, it can be considered in IPM for the best control of insect pests. Similarly, chlorantraniliprole 18.5%SC @ 30 g a.i./ ha followed by fipronil 5%SC @ 50 g a.i./ha were also found safe to spiders © 2019, The Entomological Society of India. All rights reserved.
Imbalanced Breast Cancer Classification Using Transfer Learning
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2021) Rishav Singh; Tanveer Ahmed; Abhinav Kumar; Amit Kumar Singh; Anil Kumar Pandey; Sanjay Kumar Singh
Accurate breast cancer detection using automated algorithms remains a problem within the literature. Although a plethora of work has tried to address this issue, an exact solution is yet to be found. This problem is further exacerbated by the fact that most of the existing datasets are imbalanced, i.e., the number of instances of a particular class far exceeds that of the others. In this paper, we propose a framework based on the notion of transfer learning to address this issue and focus our efforts on histopathological and imbalanced image classification. We use the popular VGG-19 as the base model and complement it with several state-of-the-art techniques to improve the overall performance of the system. With the ImageNet dataset taken as the source domain, we apply the learned knowledge in the target domain consisting of histopathological images. With experimentation performed on a large-scale dataset consisting of 277,524 images, we show that the framework proposed in this paper gives superior performance than those available in the existing literature. Through numerical simulations conducted on a supercomputer, we also present guidelines for work in transfer learning and imbalanced image classification. © 2004-2012 IEEE.
Impact of insecticides on abundance of non-target soil mesofauna in rice ecosystem
(The Entomological Society of India, 2020) Ingle Dipak Shyamrao; M. Raghuraman; Abhinav Kumar; Rupesh Kumar Gajbhiye
An experimental trial was conducted during kharif 2016 and 2017 at the Agriculture Research Farm, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi to study the biodiversity and impact of conventional and newer insecticides on non-target soil mesofauna (springtails) in rice ecosystem. Results revealed a total of 21 specimens under 14 genera of Collembola belonging to 7 families. The species viz., Lepidcyrtus fimetarius, L. curvicollis, L. paradoxus, Proisotoma ripicola, Hypogastrura sonapani, H. viatica, Salina selebensis, Isotoma dagamae and I. trispinata were the most abundant. All the insecticidal treatments showed adverse effects on the collembolan population. Considering all the four observations taken after the second insecticidal spray, neem (azadirachtin 0.15% EC) @ 4 ml/l followed by dinotefuran 20% SG @ 40 g a.i./ ha was found to be less detrimental. Fipronil 5% SC @ 50 g a.i./ ha resulted in drastic reduction in collembolan population followed by carbofuran 3% G @ 750 g a.i./ ha. Maximum reduction was observed with fipronil 5% SC @ 50 g a.i./ha with 57.14 and 56.00% during kharif, 2016 and 2017, respectively. © 2020, The Entomological Society of India. All rights reserved.
Insights into the expeditious photocatalytic performance of greenly fabricated CeVO4 nanoparticles using Polyalthia longifolia leaf extract
(Elsevier B.V., 2025) Suresh Kushinath Ghotekar; Soumya Ranjan Mishra; Vishal Gadore; Saptarshi Roy; Mohammed Ahmaruzzaman; Kshitij RB Singh; Jay Singh; Abhinav Kumar; Navish Kataria; M. Mirzaei
The application of nanomaterials to address environmental challenges has evolved substantially to eliminate pollutants from wastewater as part of environmental cleanup, a growing important research arena. Using green photocatalysts is a noteworthy and economical method that significantly advances environmentally sustainable remediation. This work disclosed the bio-inspired production of cerium vanadate nanoparticles (CeVO4 NPs) were prepared through a green chemistry protocol employing Polyalthia longifolia leaf extract. Key traits of CeVO4 nanoparticles were determined by applying a variety of characterization tools, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UVDRS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). CeVO4 nanoparticles displayed a pseudo-spherical topology with a particle size of 17.77 nm, and the band gap was determined as 2.76 eV. The photocatalytic ability of the as-produced CeVO4 NPs was scrutinized for the decomposition of Congo red (CR) dye. Under optimal conditions, the fabricated CeVO4 nanoparticles demonstrated excellent Congo red dye degradation performance. The effect of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) dosage, nanoparticle dosage, dye concentration, contact time, scavenging test, and reusability of prepared photocatalyst had an excellent impact on dye decomposition ability. The findings revealed that in just 8 min, 97.79 % of the CR dye had been degraded completely. The pseudo-first-order (PFO) kinetics model aligns with the CR dye decomposition kinetics. In conclusion, this study describes the fabrication of a CeVO4 photocatalyst that exhibits impressive performance, particularly in natural sunlight, suggesting that it could be used in wastewater treatment. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.
Integration of various chemical herbicide on weed management and yield of Kharif Maize (Zea mays L.)
(Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology, 2016) Arvind Kumar; S.S. Tomar; V.K. Verma; Abhinav Kumar
A field experiment was conducted in maize during kharif season 2013 on sandy loam soil at Crop Research Centre, Chirori of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut (U.P.), to evaluate the various integration of chemical Herbicides on weed management and yield of kharif maize (Zea mays L.). The experiment was conducted in R.B.D with three replications comprising eleven treatments of weed management (weedy, weed free, Alachlor @ 1500 and 1000 g a.i. ha-1, Atrazine @ 1000 g a.i. ha-1, Metribuzin @ 750 and 250 g a.i. ha-1, Alachlor + Metribuzin @ 750 + 375 g a.i. ha-1, Atrazine + Pendimethalin @ 750 + 500 g a.i. ha-1, Atrazine +2, 4-D @ 500 + 500 g a.i. ha-1 and Sesbania (BC) @ 20 kg ha-1 + 2, 4-D @ 500 g a.i. ha-1). The results indicated that chemical methods of weed control significantly reduced the weed population and their dry weight effectively over weedy check. The maximum number of grains cob-1, weed control efficiency, nutrient uptake by crop and highest grain yield (49.3 q ha-1) were recorded with the application of Atrazine + Pendimethalin @ 750 + 500 g a.i. ha-1 and established its superiority over rest of the herbicides. Similarly, this treatment also resulted into higher gross return, net return and B: C ratio. These values were very close to weed free treatment. The per cent increase in grains and stover yield was to the tune of 107.14 and 57.26 as compared to weedy check.
Management of sucking pest complex through conventional and newer insecticides in brinjal crop
(Malhotra Publishing House, 2023) Abhinav Kumar; M. Raghuraman; Ingle Dipak Shyamrao; Rupesh Kumar Gajbhiye
The results showed that the imidacloprid 17.8% SL @ 25 g a.i./ha was significantly most effective against aphids and diafenthiuron 50% WP @ 300 g a.i./ha was most effective against whitefly and leafhoppers, and caused maximum population reduction of sucking pests of brinjal. Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% EC @ 40 g a.i./ha was found to be least effective against aphids, whitefly and leaf hoppers. © (2023). All Rights Reserved.
Monoclinic modification of 1,1,3,3,5,5-hexamethyl-cyclo-1,3,5- tristannathiane
(2008) Nanhai Singh; Abhinav Kumar; Kieran C. Molloy; G. Kociok-Köhn
The asymmetric unit of the title compound, [Sn3(CH3)6S3], contains two molecules with twist-boat conformations. There are intermolecular S⋯H (2.929 Å), S⋯S (3.433 Å), S⋯C (3.465 Å) and C⋯H (2.898 Å) inter-actions in addition to prominent intermolecular Sn⋯S inter-actions of 3.692 and 3.769 Å. © International Union of Crystallography 2008.
Organoheterobimetallic cyanodithioimidocarbonates and their I2-doped products: Synthesis, characterization and conducting properties
(2008) Nanhai Singh; Abhinav Kumar
Complexes of the type [PhHg]2[M(cdc)2], [Me2Sn][M(cdc)2], [n-Bu2Sn][M(cdc)2], [n-Bu3Sn]2[M(cdc)2] and [Ph3Sn]2[M(cdc)2] (M = Ni(II) and Cu(II); cdc2- = cyanodithioimidocarbonate) and their I2-doped products have been prepared and characterized by microanalysis, magnetic and solution as well as solid phase conductivity measurements, IR, Raman, electronic, 1H and 13C NMR and ESR spectroscopic techniques. ESR silent diamagnetic compounds [PhHg]2[Cu(cdc)2], [Me2Sn][Cu(cdc)2], [n-Bu2Sn][Cu(cdc)2], [n-Bu3Sn]2[Cu(cdc)2] and [Ph3Sn]2[Cu(cdc)2] are strongly antiferromagnetically coupled. [PhHg]2[Ni(cdc)2] is weakly paramagnetic because of the weak axial interactions of sulfur atoms of the ligand cdc2- with some of the Ni(II) centers. Sharp 1H NMR signals suggest that [PhHg]2[Cu(cdc)2], [n-Bu2Sn][Cu(cdc)2], [n-Bu3Sn]2[Cu(cdc)2] and [Ph3Sn]2[Cu(cdc)2] remained diamagnetic in solution as well. Majority of the complexes exhibited σrt in the range of 10-11 to 10-10 S cm-1 while the I2-doped products show enhanced conductivity in the 10-10 to 10-6 S cm-1 range and exhibit semiconducting behaviour. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Phenylmercury(II) methylferrocenyldithiocarbamate-functionalized dye-sensitized solar cells with hydroxy as an anchoring group
(Springer Science and Business Media, LLC, 2015) Ratna Chauhan; Gabriele Kociok-Köhn; Manoj Trivedi; Suryabhan Singh; Abhinav Kumar; Dinesh P. Amalanerkar
A new heterobimetallic phenylmercury(II) dithiocarbamate complex having the ferrocenyl moiety (C5H5)Fe(C5H4) (Fc), PhHgS2CN(CH2Fc)CH2CH2OH, (1) has been prepared and characterized by elemental analyses, UV–vis, IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopies and X-ray crystallography. The crystal structure of 1 showed a linear core at the Hg(II) centre of the molecule bounded by the sulfur atom of the dithiocarbamate ligand and carbon atom of the aromatic ring. Weak intermolecular Hg···S interactions lead to “head to tail” dimer in this compound and presence of hydroxyl group generates one-dimensional chain network. This ferrocenyl-based organomercury(II) dithiocarbamate complex compound comprising of a –OH moiety showed improved light-harvesting properties as a photosensitizer in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The short-circuit current and open-circuit potential obtained with this compound were 6.95 mA/cm2 and −0.645 V, respectively, resulting in the enhanced overall conversion efficiency of 3.2 %.; [Figure not available: see fulltext.] © 2014, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
Polyoxomolybdate(VI) anion stabilized by ammonium cation via CS 2 elimination from N-benzyl-N-methylferrocenyl dithiocarbamate
(2012) Abhinav Kumar; Vikram Singh; Ajit N. Gupta; Manoj K. Yadav; Vinod Kumar; Nanhai Singh
A new polyoxomolybdate [(FcCH 2)NH 2(CH 2C 6H 5)] 4[Mo 8O 26] has been obtained by the reaction of ammonium molybdate and potassium N-benzyl-N-methylferrocenyl dithiocarbamate in mild acidic condition. The resulting cluster has been characterized by microanalyses, electronic absorption, photoluminescence, IR, and 1H NMR spectroscopy, and its electrochemical properties. Quantum chemical calculations have been performed in order to explain the CS 2 elimination from the dithiocarbamate moiety. Single-crystal X-ray analysis of this compound reveals that the ammonium cation generates an intricate 2-D supramolecular architecture. Copyright © 2012 Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.