Browsing by Author "Abreeq Fatima"

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Effects of Salt Stress on Osmolyte Metabolism of Crop Plants and Mitigating Strategy by Osmolyte
(wiley, 2021) Abreeq Fatima; Garima Singh; Anuradha Patel; Sanjesh Tiwari; Divya Gupta; Dilip Kumar Prajapati; Anurag Dubey; Sheo Mohan Prasad
Among various abiotic stresses, salinity is a major problem in arid and semiarid regions of the world that negatively reduces the crop productivity. Osmotic stress is the major cause of reduction in growth under salt stress and to minimize the osmotic stress, plants either accumulates or enhances the synthesis of osmoprotectants. The enhanced production of osmolytes is the manifestation of osmoprotectant responsive genes, which improves stress tolerance in plants. Most of the crop plants during abiotic stress conditions such as salinity, drought, and high temperature protect themselves through amino acid metabolism as well. Salinity is one of the most brutal environmental stresses that hamper plant growth and productivity worldwide. The biosynthetic pathways of major osmolyte such as proline, glycine betaine, polyamines, or some synthetic sugar molecules are severely affected under salt stress. Salt-induced toxicity is either alleviated by enhanced antioxidant system or by exogenous supplementation of these major osmolytes. © 2022 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. All rights reserved.
Regulation of ascorbate-glutathione cycle by exogenous nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide in soybean roots under arsenate stress
(Elsevier B.V., 2021) Samiksha Singh; Tajammul Husain; Bishwajit Kumar Kushwaha; Mohd. Suhel; Abreeq Fatima; Vipul Mishra; Sani Kumar Singh; Javaid Akhtar Bhatt; Meena Rai; Sheo Mohan Prasad; Nawal Kishore Dubey; Devendra Kumar Chauhan; Durgesh Kumar Tripathi; Vasileios Fotopoulos; Vijay Pratap Singh
The role of nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is well known for regulating plant abiotic stress responses. However, underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood. Therefore, the present study investigated the involvement of NO and H2O2 signalling in the regulation of arsenate toxicity (AsV) in soybean roots employing a pharmacological approach. Results show that AsV toxicity declined root length and biomass due to greater As accumulation in the cell wall and cellular organelles. Arsenate induced cell death due to enhanced levels of reactive oxygen species, lipid and protein oxidation and down-regulation in ascorbate-glutathione cycle and redox states of ascorbate and glutathione. These results correlate with lower endogenous level of NO. Interestingly, addition of L-NAME increased AsV toxicity. However, addition of SNP reverses effect of L-NAME, suggesting that endogenous NO has a role in mitigating AsV toxicity. Exogenous H2O2 also demonstrated capability of alleviating AsV stress, while NAC reversed the protective effect of H2O2. Furthermore, DPI application further increased AsV toxicity, suggesting that endogenous H2O2 is also implicated in mitigating AsV stress. SNP was not able to mitigate AsV toxicity in the presence of DPI, suggesting that H2O2 might have acted downstream of NO in accomplishing amelioration of AsV toxicity. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.
Salt Stress Toxicity Amelioration by Phytohormones, Synthetic Product, and Nutrient Amendment Practices
(wiley, 2021) Divya Gupta; Garima Singh; Sanjesh Tiwari; Anuradha Patel; Abreeq Fatima; Anurag Dubey; Neha Naaz; Jitendra Pandey; Sheo Mohan Prasad
This chapter discusses the various ameliorating approaches to cope up the loss of crop yield under saline environment. Phytohormones are essential growth regulators and are best known for their prominent impact on metabolism and stimulation of defense responses. The exogenous supplementation of plant growth hormones alleviates the salt toxicity and showing vital role in minimizing the stress by improving several metabolic processes like improving seed metabolism, maintaining the homeostasis redox reaction, and other physiological mechanisms. The exogenous supplementation or endogenous accumulation of proline which is an amino acid and a well-known product enhances behavior of salt-stressed plants. Nutrient management significantly improved the growth, physiological, and biochemical modifications as well as quality characteristics of the salt-stressed plants. Salt toxicity induced alterations in growth and development by inducing the ion toxicity, osmotic stress, essential nutrients deficiency, inhibition of electron transport chain associated with oxidative stress that limits the activation of anti-oxidative machinery, and water uptake from soil. © 2022 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. All rights reserved.