Browsing by Author "Aditi Giri"

Now showing 1 - 4 of 4

Baicalein’s neuroprotective effects in a lansoprazole-induced Alzheimer’s model in Wistar rats
(Rzeszow University Press, 2025) Priti Sharma; Aditi Giri; Falguni Goel; Sachchida Nand Rai; Prabhash Nath Tripathi
Introduction and aim. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder and the most frequently diagnosed type of dementia. Baicalein, a flavonoid found in the roots of Scutellaria baicalensis, was useful in preventing neuronal injury in various neurodegenerative models. The present study was designed to determine the neuroprotective effect of baicalein in lansoprazole-induced AD in Wistar rats. Material and methods. We used male Wistar rats randomly divided into six groups: control, vehicle, lansoprazole-induced, and baicalein+lansoprazole or baicalein treated. The lowest dose, lansoprazole (30 mg/kg), was administered orally for 28 weeks to induce AD-like pathology. Baicalein (10 mg/kg) was coadministered with lansoprazole in the treatment group. Cognitive functions were evaluated using a Morris water maze (MWM) and a novel object recognition test. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, determination of oxidative stress, including malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutas, and reduced glutathione levels, and inflammation-related cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor α were biochemically analyzed. We collected hippocampal sections to assess amyloid beta deposition and neuronal integrity histochemically. Results. Lansoprazole-induced rats showed marked cognitive decline accompanied by enhanced AChE activity, increased oxidative stress, and levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines compared to controls (p<0.01). Co-administration of Baicalein significantly improved cognitive performance, AChE activity was reduced to control levels, oxidative stress markers decreased to near-normal values in the brain and blood, and inflammatory cytokines were significantly lower compared to rats treated with the lansoprazole-treated rats (p<0.01). Baicalein treatment attenuated plaque deposition and neuronal injury, as revealed by histopathological analysis in vivo. Conclusion. Baicalein has a protective effect on lansoprazole-induced AD in Wistar rats. These appear to be due to the flavonoid’s antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and enzyme-inhibiting activities on AChE. These results propose baicalein as a potential therapeutic agent for further study with respect to prevention and treatment, especially in patients under long-term administration of proton pump inhibitors. © 2025 Rzeszow University Press. All rights reserved.
Comparative information of different animal models used in chronic diseases
(Elsevier, 2025) Falguni Goel; Aditi Giri; Daksh Kumar; Akansha Pal; Payal Singh
The elevated morbidity and mortality rates associated with chronic diseases, such as diabetes, heart disease, chronic respiratory conditions, and cancer, are significant global health challenges. Preventive measures and effective management strategies are required to address these conditions, which are the result of a combination of genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors. Insights into disease mechanisms, therapeutic targets, and drug efficacy are provided by animal models, which are essential in biomedical research. Numerous species, including mice, rats, and zebrafish, are used extensively due to their physiological and genetic similarities to humans. The “3Rs” principles, Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement, must be adhered to guarantee humane treatment and reduce suffering, as ethical considerations dictate. The selection of an appropriate animal model is crucial, necessitating alignment with the characteristics of human disease, practical feasibility, and ethical guidelines. Animal models continue to be essential for the advancement of medical knowledge and the enhancement of human health outcomes, despite their inherent limitations. © 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Diabetes, Alzheimer's Disease Risk Factors, and the Cafeteria Diet: A Comprehensive Review
(Bentham Science Publishers, 2025) Md Abubakar; Aditi Giri; Falguni Goel; Manshad Khan; Janmejay Gupta; Daksh Kumar; Monika Kaushik; Sachchida Nand Rai; Nitesh Kumar
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with multifaceted risk factors, including diet and metabolic dysfunction. The rising prevalence of AD and diabetes has drawn attention to their shared pathophysiological mechanisms. The “cafeteria diet,” characterized by high-fat, high-sugar, and energy-dense foods, has emerged as a significant contributor to metabolic dysfunctions, including obesity and insulin resistance, which are risk factors for both diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases. This study explores the effects of the cafeteria diet on cognitive impairment, AD pathology, and its potential role in exacerbating diabetes-related neurological complications. Animal models were subjected to cafeteria diets, mimicking human dietary patterns, to investigate changes in brain structure, amyloid-beta accumulation, tau hyperphosphorylation, and cognitive function. Additionally, metabolic profiling demonstrated the development of insulin resistance and other hallmarks of diabetes, which were closely correlated with the severity of cognitive deficits. Neuropathological analyses revealed exacerbated amyloid-beta accumulation and increased neuroinflammation, linking dietary-induced diabetes to AD pathophysiology. These findings underscore the critical role of dietary habits in modulating the risk and progression of AD, highlighting the importance of interventions targeting metabolic health to mitigate cognitive decline. This study emphasizes the need for further research to unravel the molecular mechanisms underlying the diet-diabetes-AD axis and develop targeted therapeutic strategies. Bentham Science Publishers. © 2025 The Author(s). Published by Bentham Science Publisher. This is an open access article published under CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
Therapeutic potential of alkaloids in treatment of gut-associated diseases
(Elsevier, 2025) Falguni Goel; Aditi Giri; Vipin Kumar Garg; Payal Singh
Alkaloids, a broad group of naturally occurring nitrogenous compounds, have gained universal interest due to their drug value in the treatment of gut-associated diseases. The bioactive compounds have been found to exhibit varied pharmacological activities from antiinflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial to gut microbiota-modulating activities. Recent reports highlight their applications in the treatment of diseases such as inflammatory bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and peptic ulcers by modulating key molecular targets such as NF-κB, MAPK, and Nrf2. Alkaloids berberine, piperine, sanguinarine, and quinine are found to be active in regulating gut motility, enhancing intestinal barrier function, and immune response modulation. In addition, advancements in drug delivery systems, such as nanoformulations, have also improved their bioavailability and therapeutic potential. This chapter discusses an in-depth overview of the phytochemistry, mechanisms of action, preclinical and clinical trials, and areas of future interest of alkaloids in gut health. Clarification of their molecular interactions and pharmacological properties may unlock new avenues in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. © 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved..