Browsing by Author "Ajai Singh"

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Agroecosystem contamination with heavy metals due to road transportation: A global threat to safe food security
(Institution of Chemical Engineers, 2025) Akshay Kumar Singh; Jatin Kumar Choudhary; Sushil Kumar Shukla; Kuldeep Bauddh; Gavendra C. Pandey; Sughosh Madhav; Ajai Singh; Manoj Kumar
Road transportation significantly contributes to heavy metals (HMs) in the atmosphere. The introduction of HMs into the environment is a major global ecotoxicological concern. The proliferation of road networks, coupled with the escalating vehicular volume, has exacerbated the presence of HMs, including lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), manganese (Mn), mercury (Hg), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), in agricultural soil and crops proximate to transportation arteries, thereby imperilling global food security. The current review focused on the significant contamination of HMs in agroecosystems worldwide due to road transportation. It highlights the various pathways through which HMs are transported to agroecosystems and their impact on nearby ecosystems. The review also evaluates the degree of HMs contamination and its subsequent transfer into soil and crops such as geoaccumulation index (Igeo), enrichment factor (EF), translocation factor (TF), and bioaccumulation factor (BAF). Recent studies have shown that harmful HMs can be absorbed by edible parts of crops, which are then consumed directly by humans. A study conducted near the National Highway in Jhansi, India found high levels of HMs in the edible parts of tomato plants (Cu – 4.77 mg/kg, Cd- 0.14 mg/kg, nickel (Ni) – 0.89 mg/kg, and Mn – 14.46). Similar studies conducted in various parts of the world have also observed increased HMs in agricultural soil and crops near roads. The current review aims to investigate HMs contamination in agroecosystems caused by road transportation and to suggest directions for future research to reduce HMs emissions from the sources. © 2024 The Institution of Chemical Engineers
Artificial intelligence and machine learning in healthcare: Scope and opportunities to use ChatGPT
(Scientific Scholar LLC, 2023) Ajai Singh; Saikat Das; Rakesh Kumar Mishra; Amit Agrawal
[No abstract available]
Evaluating Water Supply Risk In The Middle Reaches Of Subarnarekha River Basin By Using WEAP Model
(Kalpana Corporation, 2021) Randhir Kumar; Pratibha Kumari; P.K. Parhi; V.K. Tripathi; Ajai Singh
The allocation of limited water resources poses a challenge when demand from different stakeholders are gradually increasing. Demand supply analysis for different scenarios can help the planners for better allocation of these precious natural resources. In the present study, the Water Evaluation and Planning System (WEAP) model was applied to analyse water demand and supply potential in the middle reach of the Subarnarekha river basin, Jharkhand. Demand sites used were classified as an industrial area, institutional water demands area, agricultural land and human and livestock settlement. Annual water use rate per person, per hectare and per head of livestock were determined and used as input alongwith other hydrological input parameters to the WEAP model. For WEAP modelling framework, the year 2010 was chosen as a current year. It has observed dry conditions with an annual rainfall of nearly 624.8 mm whereas, the years 2011 and 2013 experienced high rainfall (1836.4 and 1779.8 mm) resulting in wet conditions. The maximum flow to the groundwater storage was found in the monsoon months compared to the non-monsoon months as an obvious phenomenon. It was noticed that the year 2010 showed the lowest surface runoff because the year 2010 observed the minimum rainfall and the years 2011 and 2013 showed the highest surface runoff. It can be seen that rainwater is available to meet the crop water demand in monsoon months. The agriculture demand gradually increases from November end, highest in May (approximately 430000 m3) and decreases June onwards. Unmet demands were high in the very dry years, that is 2010, 2016 and 2017. The unmet water demand for agricultural use was found to be highest in the year 2010 because it receives minimum rainfall. © 2021 - Kalpana Corporation