Browsing by Author "Akanksha Gupta"

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A Bayes Analysis of a Dependent Competing Risk Model Based on Marshall-Olkin Bivariate Weibull Distribution
(World Scientific, 2023) Ankita Gupta; Rakesh Ranjan; Akanksha Gupta; Satyanshu K. Upadhyay
This paper considers a competing risk model defined on the basis of minimum of two dependent failures where the two failures are assumed to jointly follow Marshall-Olkin bivariate Weibull distribution. This paper explores some important features of corresponding likelihood functions and performs a full Bayesian analysis of the model for data resulting from normal as well as accelerated life tests. The accelerated model is described by regressing the scale parameters of the model through inverse power-law relationship. Posterior-based inferences are drawn using the Gibbs sampler algorithm after specifying proper but vague priors for the model parameters. The numerical illustration is provided using real datasets. The performance of the model is assured by Bayesian tools of model compatibility and then the entertained model is compared with the competing risk model based on Marshall-Olkin bivariate exponential assumption. © 2023 World Scientific Publishing Company.
ANALYSIS OF JOINT MULTIPLY TYPE-II CENSORED DATA USING THE GIBBS SAMPLER ALGORITHM
(Gnedenko Forum, 2025) Vishal K. Singh; Akanksha Gupta; Satyanshu Kumar Upadhyay
This paper introduces a systematic approach for analyzing data under joint multiply type-II censoring. The study assumes a one-parameter exponential lifetime distribution and focuses on estimating unknown parameters. The maximum likelihood method is used to obtain frequentist point estimates, while a Bayesian framework is adopted to draw the corresponding Bayes inferences. To effectively handle censored data, an extended Gibbs sampler algorithm is employed, treating the unknown observations as further unknowns and estimating them accordingly. This methodology ensures a comprehensive and robust inference process by simultaneously addressing parameter uncertainty and the challenges posed by the censored observations. © 2025, Gnedenko Forum. All rights reserved.
Analysis of Wide Modified Rankin Score Dataset using Markov Chain Monte Carlo Simulation
(Lifescience Global, 2024) Pranjal Kumar Pandey; Priya Dev; Akanksha Gupta; Abhishek Pathak; V.K. Shukla; S.K. Upadhyay
Brain hemorrhage and strokes are serious medical conditions that can have devastating effects on a person’s overall well-being and are influenced by several factors. We often encounter such scenarios specially in medical field where a single variable is associated with several other features. Visualizing such datasets with a higher number of features poses a challenge due to their complexity. Additionally, the presence of a strong correlation structure among the features makes it hard to determine the impactful variables with the usual statistical procedure. The present paper deals with analysing real life wide Modified Rankin Score dataset within a Bayesian framework using a logistic regression model by employing Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation. Latterly, multiple covariates in the model are subject to testing against zero in order to simplify the model by utilizing a model comparison tool based on Bayes Information Criterion. © 2024 Pandey et al.; Licensee Lifescience Global.
Cross-talk between ROS and phytohormones signaling determines crop sensitivity against ozone
(Academic Press Inc., 2023) Durgesh Singh Yadav; Kshama Rai; Akanksha Gupta; Shashi Bhushan Agrawal; Madhoolika Agrawal
The prevailing tropospheric ozone (O3) concentration is escalating the productivity loss of crop and vegetables due to enhanced oxidative stress. Ozone itself is very reactive and can interact with mesophyll regions and components of cell walls after gaining entry from stomata. Apoplastic O3 activates a number of signal transduction pathways that regulate the cellular response to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) load. The overproduction of ROS under O3 stress causes lesions as a hypersensitive or defensive response in the leaves of the sensitive plant. Ozone induced phytohormone signaling interacts with ROS signaling to change the plants’ performance in various aspects of plant physiology and metabolism. High O3 exposure promotes the accumulation of salicylic acid, which is essential for maintaining the cellular redox state and is important for plant defense responses. Salicylic acid concentration helps in regulating the production of ethylene during O3 exposure, which alters the magnitude of chlorotic spots on leaf surfaces. The review summarizes some recent findings about the target sites for O3 in plants, O3 induced stomatal regulation by phytohormone signaling, and plants’ responses related to phytohormone biosynthesis, ROS generation and signaling in exposure to O3. © 2023
Endophytic microbe approaches in bioremediation of organic pollutants
(Elsevier, 2019) Akanksha Gupta; Sandeep Kumar Singh; Vipin Kumar Singh; Manoj Kumar Singh; Arpan Modi; V. Yeka Zhimo; Anand Vikram Singh; Ajay Kumar
Currently, pollution caused by organic contaminants is a global problem and there is an urgent need to explore new green and sustainable methods for the remediation of environmental pollutants. In this aspect, bioremediation technology has been considered as one of the most effective, low cost, and sustainable approach for the management of environmental pollutants of organic origin. From last few decades utilization or inoculation of endophytic microbial strains for the remediation of organic pollutants had been carried out in a regular manner for the management of various contaminants such as pesticides, herbicides, hydrocarbons, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, petroleum products, oil spill, etc. During the long course of host plant and endophyte relationship at the polluted site, microbial endophytes not only help in mobilization of contaminants but also help in plant growth promotion as well as tolerance development against various biotic and abiotic stresses. The in-depth understanding of plant and endophyte association would help remediate the contaminated sites in an effective manner. © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Evaluation of supplemented protein-L-isoaspartate-O-methyltransferase (PIMT) gene of Carica papaya and Ricinus communis in stress survival of Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) cells
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2024) Akanksha Gupta; Pragati Mardi; Prasanta Kumar Koustasa Mishra; Anshuman Kumar; Rajesh Kumar; Archana Mahapatra; Anupama Jena; Prakash Chandra Behera
In growing plant population, effect of stress is a perturb issue affecting its physiological, biochemical, yield loss and developmental growth. Protein-L-isoaspartate-O-methyltransferase (PIMT) is a broadly distributed protein repair enzyme which actuate under stressful environment or aging. Stress can mediate damage converting protein bound aspartate (Asp) residues to isoaspartate (iso-Asp). This spontaneous and deleterious conversion occurs at an elevated state of stress and aging. Iso-Asp formation is associated with protein inactivation and compromised cellular survival. PIMT can convert iso-Asp back to Asp, thus repairing and contributing to cellular survival. The present work describes the isolation, cloning, sequencing and expression of PIMT genes of Carica papaya (Cp pimt) and Ricinus communis (Rc pimt) Using gene specific primers, both the pimts were amplified from their respective cDNAs and subsequently cloned in prokaryotic expression vector pProEXHTa. BL21(DE3) strain of E. coli cells were used as expression host. The expression kinetics of both the PIMTs were studied with various concentrations of IPTG and at different time points. Finally, the PIMT supplemented BL21(DE3) cells were evaluated against different stresses in comparison to their counterparts with the empty vector control. © 2024 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Evaluation of Toxicity of Tropospheric Ozone on Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Cultivars: ROS Production, Defense Strategies and Intraspecific Sensitivity
(Springer, 2023) Akanksha Gupta; Shashi Bhushan Agrawal; Madhoolika Agrawal
Rapid industrialization, transportation and other human activities increase the formation of Ozone (O3) in the troposphere, causing an adverse effect on agricultural productivity. It is expected that concentration of O3 will increase along with the rise in global surface temperature. A field experiment was performed with differentially heat sensitive tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cultivars with an objective to understand the intraspecific variations in defense mechanism under elevated O3 treatment. The selected tomato cultivars were exposed to ambient and elevated O3 (ambient ± 20 ppb) in open top chambers. The results depicted that elevated O3 induced accumulation of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde content leading to enhanced lipid peroxidation in all the tomato cultivars, but the scale of effects varied among cultivars. In response to oxidative stress generated due to ROS under elevated O3, activities of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants showed variable responses in differentially heat sensitive tomato cultivars. Heat tolerant cultivar, Superbug experienced highest oxidative stress under elevated O3, and significantly enhanced the non-enzymatic antioxidants leading to highest reduction in fruit biomass and total fresh fruit weight. However, heat tolerant cultivar, Kashi chayan and VRT 02 with lesser oxidative stress exhibited greater induction of enzymatic antioxidants and showed less reduction in fruit biomass and total fresh fruit weight. The heat sensitive cultivars, however, were less sensitive than Superbug. This study manifested that cultivar’s sensitivity under elevated O3 was governed by the variability of defense strategies, irrespective of their sensitivity towards heat. Kashi chayan and VRT 02 may be recommended in areas under elevated O3 to minimize the productivity losses. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
Hexavalent Cr, Its Toxicity and Removal Strategy: Revealing PGPB Potential in Its Remediation
(Institute for Ionics, 2023) Akanksha Gupta; Anubhuti Singh; Virendra Kumar Mishra
Contamination of soil through hexavalent chromium Cr (VI) has increased rapidly during the last few decades. Cr (VI) is a bio-accumulative hazardous metal that can lead to harmful health effects on human being. Several treatment technologies have been used for the treatment of Cr, however, most of them are having some serious limitations. Biological Cr-removal can replace existing physicochemical approaches. The usefulness of phytoremediation in contaminated settings is limited by the sluggish growth rate of plants and low metal absorption. This situation could be mitigated and phytoremediation efficiency can be accelerated by introducing chromium-resistant plant growth-promoting bacterium (PGPB). PGPB inoculation may promote plant growth by producing growth-promoting chemicals and heavy metal remediation by secreting chelating agents, acidification, and redox alterations. Bacterial inoculation improved metal tolerance and absorption through modulating metal transporter, tolerant, and chelator genes. To decrease the harmful impacts brought about by high metal concentrations, PGPB application has shown great potential. The precise molecular mechanism of PGPR-mediated phytoremediation of heavy metals and the stimulation of plant development, however, is little understood. In addition to illuminating the mechanisms underlying plant metal accumulation, this review includes information on the characteristics and mechanisms that PGPB possesses to enhance plant metal tolerance and growth. We evaluated several recent studies of chromium phytoremediation, augmenting the phytoremediation of chromium through PGPB. Examining the possible contribution of bacteria that promote plant growth in microbe-assisted phytoremediation is the goal of this review. The molecular processes by which PGPB strains promote plant development and clean the soil contaminated with chromium are well described in the present review. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
Impact of Bisphenol-A in the environment and its removal through biological agents: A review
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2024) Akanksha Gupta; Anubhuti Singh; Virendra Kumar Mishra
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are synthetic compounds that can cause abnormalities in the functioning of the endocrine system of the human being, resulting in various health problems. Bisphenol-A (BPA) is one of the important EDCs that is used in the manufacturing of plastics, food packaging canisters, and other day-to-day necessities. Since BPA is estrogenic in nature; its presence can affect the living component at a very low concentration. BPA and other EDCs are released from various sources like the plastic manufacturing industry, sewage treatment plants, and solid waste disposal points. Due to its global use, BPA has permeated different matrices, including our food sources. As a result, many adverse health effects have been reported, considering which, their treatment is necessary. Under the present investigation, we have reviewed various studies dealing with the sources, concentrations, and impact of BPA on the environment. In addition, we have also incorporated different treatment technologies including phytoremediation and bioremediation which can remove BPA effectively. Regardless of significant developments in our understanding of EDCs, uncertainties and knowledge gaps still occur and more studies are required to eradicate the problems of BPA contamination from our environment. © 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Individual Effects of High Temperature and Tropospheric Ozone on Tomato: A Review
(Springer, 2023) Akanksha Gupta; Durgesh Singh Yadav; Shashi Bhushan Agrawal; Madhoolika Agrawal
Rising tropospheric ozone (O3) and temperature, the two most important stresses caused due to climate change. Both stresses have now become foremost concerns for production of tomato worldwide due to their role in immensely afflicting productivity. These stresses have been found to occur concomitantly, and tomato is very sensitive to both heat stress and elevated O3. This paper reviews the individual effects of high temperature and elevated O3 on the overall performance of tomato and the defense strategies responsible for varying sensitivities among the genotypes. High temperature influences photosynthesis directly, and Fv/Fm ratio was widely used in identifying the sensitivity of tomato cultivars. It also affects pollen viability and germination, which ultimately results in the decline of fruit set and yield. Phytohormones are crucial for reducing the negative impacts of high temperature on tomato. Besides, several heat-shock proteins and factors and stress-regulated genes were upregulated in tomato under heat stress. An increase in surface O3 level causes reductions in photosynthesis, biomass accumulation, pollen viability, fruit quality, and yield. Various molecular and physiological processes deployed during elevated O3 conditions are believed to be intervened by signaling molecules like ethylene and jasmonic acid. The review concludes that responses of tomato to both the stresses are somewhat similar, but their nature and effects may vary with intensity and duration of stresses, genotypes, and other environmental factors. Since these stresses occur simultaneously, their combined effects need to be understood to avoid the yield losses under future scenarios of climate change. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
Investigating the potency of ethylenediurea (EDU) in alleviating the affliction of ambient ozone in heat labile tomato cultivars (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
(Springer, 2024) Akanksha Gupta; Shashi Bhushan Agrawal; Madhoolika Agrawal
Tomato is the second most valuable vegetable crop, and its susceptibility to tropospheric ozone (O3) varies on the cultivar. Eight tomato cultivars with documented O3 sensitivity were reevaluated using ethylenediurea (400 ppm EDU) to determine the effectiveness of EDU in assessing O3 sensitivity under heavily O3-polluted tropical conditions. EDU helped in amending the growth, photosynthetic pigments, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and yield characteristics in the tomato cultivars. EDU reduced the lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species content, while enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant responses differed across cultivars. The cultivar Superbug and Sel-7 (O3 susceptible) performed better by employing more biomass and yield and exhibiting more potent antioxidative defense machinery mainly non-enzymatic antioxidants after EDU treatment. The higher value of total antioxidative potential (TAP) in O3 susceptible cultivars suggested the adaptive resilience through EDU application against O3 stress. EDU application greatly enhanced the photosynthetic rate in O3 susceptible cultivars by increasing the stomatal conductance. Hence, both biophysical and biochemical responses were involved in protection against O3 provided by EDU. Kashi chayan and VRT02 (O3 tolerant) cultivars showed least response to EDU, due to their efficient inherent mechanisms in alleviating O3 stress. Thus, EDU may be used as an efficient biomonitoring tool against O3-sensitive cultivars. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024.
Isolation and characterization of hexavalent chromium-tolerant endophytic bacteria inhabiting Solanum virginicum L. roots: A study on potential for chromium bioremediation and plant growth promotion
(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Akanksha Gupta; Surendra Kumar Gond; Virendra Kumar Mishra
Present study was performed with the aim to isolate Heavy metal Tolerant- PGPB (HMT-PGPB) from metal-contaminated site and use them for Cr bioremediation. Six different bacterial strains were obtained from the endosphere of Solanum virginicum L. roots and cultured using nutrient agar media amended with 20 mg/L of Cr(VI). The ability of these Cr(VI) tolerant bacterial isolates were assessed for PGP traits like producing siderophores, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and phosphate solubilization. The findings indicated that all of the isolates could produce exopolymeric substances and IAA, five of them could produce siderophores, and three could solubilize phosphate. Furthermore, the minimum inhibitory concentrations of these strains werealso determined. These strains were identified as Bacillus licheniformis SxR1, B. tequilensis SxR2, B. subtilis SxR3, B. velezensis SxR4, B. amyloliquefaciens SxR6, and B. stercoris SxR8. To validate the findings, it is crucial to comprehend how Cr(VI) affects Bacillus sp. SxR1 cells to determine the course of uptake and bacterial cell alteration, which was assessed via Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). © 2024 The Authors
Medicinal plants under climate change: Impacts on pharmaceutical properties of plants
(Elsevier, 2019) Akanksha Gupta; Prem Pratap Singh; Pardeep Singh; Kalpna Singh; Anand Vikram Singh; Sandeep Kumar Singh; Ajay Kumar
Climate change is one of the most severe threats to biodiversity as well as to ecosystem functioning. In this context, the influence of climate change also influences the important secondary metabolites of pharmaceutical plants. Elevated levels of CO2, ozone, drought, and cold conditions are major abiotic factors responsible for changing climatic conditions and factors that directly or indirectly influence the growth, production, and synthesis of plant secondary metabolites. The secondary metabolites of medicinal plants are currently used as a safe choice compared to the side effects and multidrug resistance conditions of allopathic treatment. Herbal plants and their products have been broadly used in the treatment of common diseases, like diabetes, cancer, cholera, diarrhea, asthma, pyrexia, since ancient times. Several plants and their secondary metabolites have been recognized to elicit beneficial effects on virulent factors of diseases in vivo and in vitro. Plants are extremely sensitive to climatic changes and do not acclimatize randomly. Some climatic factors enhance secondary metabolites, whereas other abiotic factors decrease the growth of plants to a certain extent. In the current chapter the effects of changing climatic conditions on medicinally important secondary metabolites of plants are summarized. © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
On the Use of a Logistic Regression Model in the Gene-Environment Problem: A Bayesian Approach
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2019) Akanksha Gupta; S.K. Upadhyay
SYNOPTIC ABSTRACT: The article provides the Bayes analysis of case-control data related to growth of cancerous cells in a reproductive organ of women. It is claimed that such cancerous growth may occur because of genes and environmental effects, the latter may be categorized as some personal practices, food and drinking habits, etc. The present work considers the logistic regression model with a number of genetic and environmental covariates to analyze such a data set. The ultimate aim of the study is to see if there is any association between gene and environmental components in the development of the disease. Some comments are also made to simplify the proposed logistic regression model by looking at appropriate variable selections using an important tool of Bayesian paradigm. Numerical results based on a real data set are provided for illustration purposes. © 2019, © 2019 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Plant growth-promoting bacteria and their role in environmental management
(Elsevier, 2019) Divya Singh; Sandeep Kumar Singh; Vipin Kumar Singh; Akanksha Gupta; Mohd Aamir; Ajay Kumar
Over last few decades, environmental contaminants have emerged as the severe concern to the productivity of number of natural ecosystem. Rapid industrialization in developed countries and indiscriminate overexploitation of chemical fertilizers in developing countries are the important factors responsible for changing environmental conditions. In addition, anthropogenic activities such as mining activities, huge amount of wastewater discharge, and xenobiotics application and natural phenomena such as volcanic eruptions and rock weathering have directly or indirectly affected the productivity of plant, soil, and environment and human health. To remediate the hazardous environmental contaminants, various conventional physicochemical methods are presently in practice, but because of their high cost, toxicity, and production of secondary pollutants, the process is still inefficient for large-scale application. In this context, management using biological agents such as microbes or specific plants is being practiced to remediate the environmental contaminants. This chapter discusses about the environmental contaminants and their impact on the normal functioning of plant, soil, and animals. It has also emphasized on the role of plant growth-promoting bacteria and their potential mechanism of action in bioremediation strategies for the management of environmental contaminants. © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and their functional role in salinity stress management
(Elsevier, 2019) Akanksha Gupta; Sandeep Kumar Singh; Manoj Kumar Singh; Vipin Kumar Singh; Arpan Modi; Prashant Kumar Singh; Ajay Kumar
Currently the growing human population of the world is facing the challenge of low crop production. Changing climatic conditions and the adverse impact of biotic and abiotic stresses limit the growth and yield of crop production. Currently, a range of abiotic stresses including salinity, draught, heat, cold, accumulation of heavy metals, and xenobiotics not only affect the agricultural productivity but also the heath of human. Salinity is one of the severe stresses that limit the crop production, continuously increasing by an area throughout the world. Salinity largely influenced the root systems, physiology, and external morphology of the plant system. Salinity affects the productivity of the plants by generating reactive oxygen species that works as a signal of stress. For combating the salt stress conditions with the aim of sustainable development, recently, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are used as promising agents to promote the growth, biocontrol, and in the management of biotic and abiotic stresses in the plants. In this chapter, we focused on the salinity stress and the management strategies used by PGPR. © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Responses of Eight Differentially Heat Sensitive Tomato Cultivars against Chronic Ozone Exposure in the Indo-Gangetic Plain: Growth, Physiology, and Yield
(MDPI, 2023) Akanksha Gupta; Shashi Bhushan Agrawal; Madhoolika Agrawal
Tropospheric ozone (O3) is an important abiotic stress to plants and its rising concentration adversely affects crop yield. The studies associated with differential responses of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cultivars to chronic elevated O3 are lacking and need to be further explored for the recognition of O3 resistant cultivars as an adaptive strategy. In the present research, differentially heat sensitive tomato cultivars were treated with elevated O3 (ambient + 20 ppb) to determine their responses by estimating the foliar injury symptoms, variations in growth, physiology, reproductive and yield related attributes. All the tomato cultivars exhibited foliar injury symptoms under elevated O3 treatment, and the intensity of injury corroborated with yield loss. Elevated O3 treatment negatively impacted biomass, growth, physiological and reproductive characteristics of all cultivars. The hierarchal cluster analysis, cumulative stress response index and yield indices differentiated cultivars into sensitive, moderately sensitive and O3 tolerant categories. The thermotolerant, VRT02 and Kashi chayan cultivars (O3 resistant) demonstrated lower yield losses, whereas the thermotolerant (O3 sensitive) Superbug exhibited higher foliar injury, greater alterations in physiology, growth and reproductive traits resulting in greater yield losses than other cultivars. The cultivars with different heat sensitivity did not respond similarly towards O3 stress. Cultivars VRT 02 and Kashi chayan can be recommended for cultivation in areas experiencing high O3 vis-à-vis high temperature conditions. © 2023 by the authors.
Revolutionizing remediation: Unveiling the power of Lysinibacillus sp. in tackling heavy metal stress
(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Akanksha Gupta; Chhavi Siwach; Virendra Kumar Mishra
Increased industrialization has elevated heavy metal pollution in soil. Considering their hazardous impact on the ecosystem, it is important to lower heavy metals concentration from the polluted soil. Standard physicochemical methods for metal remediation are quick, effective, and operational; nevertheless, they come with a high cost and are not appropriate for large contaminated areas. They require a lot of energy, produce a large amount of toxic sludge, are not practical for low metal concentrations, and are not eco-friendly. An effective technique for eradicating hazardous heavy metals from contaminated soil is desperately needed given the state of environmental degradation that exists today. Using microorganisms, particularly bacteria resistant to hazardous metals, is the most economical method known as bioremediation. Owing to the enduring characteristics of heavy metals in polluted soil, inhabitant microorganisms require bioengineering in order to assess an appropriate biotechnical method for the removal and/or detoxification of heavy metals in contaminated soil. Many microorganisms have been reported with the ability to alleviate heavy metals from a contaminated environment; Lysinibacillus being one of them. This review highlights the efficiency of Lysinibacillus in heavy metal remediation and how exactly this genus dealt with metal stress at the cellular level. We have evaluated various studies of bioremediation by this particular genus and also illuminated its plant growth-promoting properties. © 2024 The Authors
Rhizome endophytes: Roles and applications in sustainable agriculture
(Springer International Publishing, 2019) Akanksha Gupta; Hariom Verma; Prem Pratap Singh; Pardeep Singh; Monika Singh; Virendra Mishra; Ajay Kumar
A rhizome is a modified subterranean diageotropic stem developed from axillary buds that retain the ability to give rise to a new plant. The presence of rhizomes in soil favors the growth of various microbial communities in its rhizosphere; some of the microbes enter inside rhizomes and survive as endophytes. Currently endophytic microorganisms are gaining attention by researchers due to their capability to synthesizing novel bioactive compounds that are useful in disease management of phytopathogens, and some of these compounds are important in novel drug discovery. In the sustainable agriculture, many of the bacterial and fungal endophytes are used as plant and soil inoculants to enhance yield and productivity of crops. The use of endophytes as biofertilizers is eco-friendly and has no adverse effects on the climate, or texture and productivity of soils, unlike chemical fertilizers. Microbes are relatively unexplored from rhizomes of various plants including medicinally important plants. These endophytes may be important biofertilizers, biocontrol agents, and agents for biotic or abiotic stress management. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019.
Rhizospheric remediation of organic pollutants from the soil; a green and sustainable technology for soil clean up
(Elsevier, 2019) Akanksha Gupta; Amit Kumar Patel; Deepak Gupta; Gurudatta Singh; Virendra Kumar Mishra
During past few decades, the technological revolution has brought about the new technologies for water and soil remediation from various contaminants. Researches during this period focused on methods of cleanup which are inexpensive, sustainable, energy-efficient, and less complicated technology to remove organic contaminants from soil. Among various technologies for remediation of organic contaminants from the soil, rhizoremediation has been proven efficient and capable technology for the same. Rhizoremediation is a specific type of phytoremediation which involves the application of plant root and their associated rhizospheric microbes for the treatment of pollutants from the soil. The soil microflora can be contaminant degraders or can promote plant growth under stress conditions that promote the degradation of organic pollutants from the soil. Plant-microbe interaction plays very important role in removing contaminants from the soil. This chapter is focused on the potential and challenges of rhizoremediation of organic pollutants from the soils. © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.