Browsing by Author "Akansha Jain"

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Bacillus spp. as Bio-factories for Antifungal Secondary Metabolites: Innovation Beyond Whole Organism Formulations
(Springer, 2023) Bruno Salazar; Aurelio Ortiz; Chetan Keswani; Tatiana Minkina; Saglara Mandzhieva; Satyendra Pratap Singh; Bhagwan Rekadwad; Rainer Borriss; Akansha Jain; Harikesh B. Singh; Estibaliz Sansinenea
Several fungi act as parasites for crops causing huge annual crop losses at both pre- and post-harvest stages. For years, chemical fungicides were the solution; however, their wide use has caused environmental contamination and human health problems. For this reason, the use of biofungicides has been in practice as a green solution against fungal phytopathogens. In the context of a more sustainable agriculture, microbial biofungicides have the largest share among the commercial biocontrol products that are available in the market. Precisely, the genus Bacillus has been largely studied for the management of plant pathogenic fungi because they offer a chemically diverse arsenal of antifungal secondary metabolites, which have spawned a heightened industrial engrossment of it as a biopesticide. In this sense, it is indispensable to know the wide arsenal that Bacillus genus has to apply these products for sustainable agriculture. Having this idea in our minds, in this review, secondary metabolites from Bacillus having antifungal activity are chemically and structurally described giving details of their action against several phytopathogens. Knowing the current status of Bacillus secreted antifungals is the base for the goal to apply these in agriculture and it is addressed in depth in the second part of this review. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
Beneficial compatible microbes enhance antioxidants in chickpea edible parts through synergistic interactions
(Academic Press, 2014) Akanksha Singh; Akansha Jain; Birinchi K. Sarma; Ram S. Upadhyay; Harikesh B. Singh
Rhizosphere microbe-mediated induction of antioxidant mechanisms for disease resistance in plants is known but their impact on nutritional content of the edible parts is not clear. A study was conducted to evaluate potentiality of three compatible rhizosphere microbes, viz., fluorescent Pseudomonas (PHU 094), Trichoderma harzianum (THU 0816) and Mesorhizobium sp. (RL 091), singly and in combinations in modulating antioxidants in chickpea edible parts. Total phenolic and flavonoid content, ascorbic acid, free radical and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities as well as reducing power in seeds and pericarp in different microbial combinations were significantly high compared to their single application. However, the triple microbe treatment was most effective in enhancing the antioxidant status of chickpea along with enhanced accumulation of phenolics such as shikimic, gallic, tannic, p-coumaric, and ferulic acids as well as rutin and quercetin. Apart from the triple microbe treatment, dual combination of PHU 094+THU 0816 also showed potentiality in enhancing the antioxidant and phenolic content majorly in pericarp. These findings suggest that synergistic interaction of microbes in the rhizosphere not only improved the antioxidant level in chickpea seeds but the same were also enhanced in the pericarp which is otherwise considered a waste material. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.
Biocontrol agents-mediated suppression of oxalic acid induced cell death during Sclerotinia sclerotiorum-pea interaction
(Wiley-VCH Verlag, 2015) Akansha Jain; Akanksha Singh; Surendra Singh; Birinchi Kumar Sarma; Harikesh Bahadur Singh
Oxalic acid (OA) is an important pathogenic factor during early Sclerotinia sclerotiorum-host interaction and might work by reducing hydrogen peroxide production (H2O2). In the present investigation, oxalic acid-induced cell death in pea was studied. Pea plants treated with biocontrol agents (BCAs) viz., Pseudomonas aeruginosa PJHU15, Bacillus subtilis BHHU100, and Trichoderma harzianum TNHU27 either singly and/or in consortium acted on S. sclerotiorum indirectly by enabling plants to inhibit the OA-mediated suppression of oxidative burst via induction of H2O2. Our results showed that BCA treated plants upon treatment with culture filtrate of the pathogen, conferred the resistance via. significantly decreasing relative cell death of pea against S. sclerotiorum compared to control plants without BCA treatment but treated with the culture filtrate of the pathogen. The results obtained from the present study indicate that the microbes especially in consortia play significant role in protection against S. sclerotiorum by modulating oxidative burst and partially enhancing tolerance by increasing the H2O2 generation, which is otherwise suppressed by OA produced by the pathogen. © 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.
Biological management of Sclerotinia rot of bean through enhanced host defense responses triggered by Pseudomonas and Trichoderma species
(Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology, 2015) Ratul Moni Ram; Akansha Jain; Akanksha Singh; Harikesh Bahadur Singh
Plant growth promoting microorganisms have been reported to induce systemic resistance in plants. In the present study, a consortium comprising of Trichoderma harzianum and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were evaluated for their efficacy to control Sclerotinia rot of bean. Upon infection of bean plants with the S. scIerotiorum resulted in substantial changes in enzymatic and non-enzymatic defense related compounds. The induction of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), peroxidase (POx), polyphenoloxidase (PPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and the accumulation of proline and phenols in bean leaves were studied periodically at 2 d intervals after pathogen infection. Levels of PAL and phenols were induced most rapidly and increased significantly in all the treatments after pathogen challenge and reached maximum after 2 d and 4 d of pathogen challenge, respectively. Similarly, the activities of POx, PPO, SOD, along with proline content was also found to increase consistently and reached maximum at 6 d after pathogen challenge and their content was maximum in plants treated with microbial consortium. These results demonstrated that interaction of microorganism in rhizosphere could provide enhanced tolerance against pathogen through induction of host defenserelated compounds.
Biological management of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in pea using plant growth promoting microbial consortium
(Wiley-VCH Verlag, 2015) Akansha Jain; Akanksha Singh; Surendra Singh; Harikesh Bahadur Singh
The beneficial plant-microbe interactions play crucial roles in protection against large number of plant pathogens causing disease. The present study aims to investigate the growth promoting traits induced by beneficial microbes namely Pseudomonas aeruginosa PJHU15, Trichoderma harzianum TNHU27, and Bacillus subtilis BHHU100 treated singly and in combinations under greenhouse and field conditions to control Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Plants treated with three microbe consortium enhanced plant growth maximally both in the presence and absence of the pathogen. Increase in plant length, total biomass, number of leaves, nodules and secondary roots, total chlorophyll and carotenoid content, and yield were recorded in plants treated with microbial consortia. Also, a decrease in plant mortality was observed in plants treated with microbial consortia in comparison to untreated control plants challenged with S. sclerotiorum. Furthermore, the decrease in disease of all the treatments can be associated with differential improvement of growth induced in pea. © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.
Biotic stress management in agricultural crops using microbial consortium
(Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2013) Akansha Jain; Akanksha Singh; Brahma N. Singh; Surendra Singh; R.S. Upadhyay; B.K. Sarma; H.B. Singh
Microbial populations have functional roles within communities where interactions among distinct microorganisms will permit their survival. Therefore, it is suggested to device mixed inoculants that may interact synergistically, with different or complementary mode of action, so that increased disease resistance is provided and under certain stresses we can assume that atleast one is functional. The mechanisms responsible for this biocontrol activity include competition for nutrients, niche exclusion, induced systemic resistance (ISR), and the production of anti-microbial metabolites. Therefore, seeing the success stories of mixed inoculants (combination of microorganisms that interact synergistically) over single bioinoculant, consortiums are being currently devised for crop management. The extreme complexity of interactions occurring is highlighted, and some potential areas and shortcomings required to overcome for future researches in this area are discussed briefly. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013. All rights are reserved.
Comparative proteomic analysis in pea treated with microbial consortia of beneficial microbes reveals changes in the protein network to enhance resistance against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
(Elsevier GmbH, 2015) Akansha Jain; Akanksha Singh; Surendra Singh; Vinay Singh; Harikesh Bahadur Singh
Microbial consortia may provide protection against pathogenic ingress via enhancing plant defense responses. Pseudomonas aeruginosa PJHU15, Trichoderma harzianum TNHU27 and Bacillus subtilis BHHU100 were used either singly or in consortia in the pea rhizosphere to observe proteome level changes upon Sclerotinia sclerotiorum challenge. Thirty proteins were found to increase or decrease differentially in 2-DE gels of pea leaves, out of which 25 were identified by MALDI-TOF MS or MS/MS. These proteins were classified into several functional categories including photosynthesis, respiration, phenylpropanoid metabolism, protein synthesis, stress regulation, carbohydrate and nitrogen metabolism and disease/defense-related processes. The respective homologue of each protein identified was trapped in Pisum sativum and a phylogenetic tree was constructed to check the ancestry. The proteomic view of the defense response to S. sclerotiorum in pea, in the presence of beneficial microbes, highlights the enhanced protection that can be provided by these microbes in challenged plants. © 2015 Elsevier GmbH.
Deciphering plant-microbe crosstalk through proteomics studies
(Elsevier GmbH, 2021) Akansha Jain; Harikesh Bahadur Singh; Sampa Das
Proteomic approaches are being used to elucidate a better discretion of interactions occurring between host, pathogen, and/or beneficial microorganisms at the molecular level. Application of proteomic techniques, unravel pathogenicity, stress-related, and antioxidant proteins expressed amid plant-microbe interactions and good information have been generated. It is being perceived that a fine regulation of protein expression takes place for effective pathogen recognition, induction of resistance, and maintenance of host integrity. However, our knowledge of molecular plant-microbe interactions is still incomplete and inconsequential. This review aims to provide insight into numerous ways used for proteomic investigation including peptide/protein identification, separation, and quantification during host defense response. Here, we highlight the current progress in proteomics of defense responses elicited by bacterial, fungal, and viral pathogens in plants along with which the proteome level changes induced by beneficial microorganisms are also discussed. © 2020
Deciphering the Pathogenic Behaviour of Phyto-Pathogens Using Molecular Tools
(Wiley Blackwell, 2014) H.B. Singh; Akansha Jain; Amrita Saxena; Akanksha Singh; Chetan Keswani; Birinchi Kumar Sarma; Sandhya Mishra
The early detection and identification of plant pathogens are an integral part of successful disease management. Rapid identification of a plant pathogen provides appropriate control measures that could be applied prior to further spread of the disease or its introduction. The classical approach to plant disease diagnosis at the preliminary stage involved identification by visual symptoms followed by laboratory identification using selective media and microscopy to identify the infecting pathogens. But the conventional methods are a relatively slow process and often require skilled taxonomists for reliable identification of the pathogens. Therefore, in the past decade, major focus has shifted to the development of rapid, accurate and low cost methods with application in plant pathogen diagnosis. These methods include enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA), the use of monoclonal antibodies, and DNA and PCR-based technologies which increase the sensitivity of pathogen detection. Rapid diagnosis and on-site quantification of phytopathogens and mapping them at locations of high disease incidence would enable the timely forecast of the advent of disease and would enable the farmers, agricultural authorities and research institutions to perform various management practices to control the disease. The present chapter deals with recent advances in molecular methods developed to detect and identify the four major classes of plant pathogens:viz. bacteria, fungi, nematodes and virus. © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. All rights reserved.
Generalised tetanus managed with continuous diazepam infusion in a resource-constrained setting: a case report
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025) Sanchit Shailendra Chouksey; Akansha Jain; Rameshwar Nath Chaurasia; Varun Kumar Singh
Introduction: Tetanus is a neuromuscular illness caused by Clostridium tetani, which is an anaerobic spore-forming bacteria, found in soil and faeces. Even though C. tetani is present everywhere, mostly found in poor and crowded areas. Primary vaccination campaigns have led to a decline in the prevalence of tetanus in developed nations. If tetanus is identified and treated early, the prognosis is favourable. It is important to raise awareness of this potentially fatal and debilitating illness. Method: We present a case of a 50-year-old male diagnosed with generalised tetanus purely on clinical grounds and successfully managed with prolonged diazepam infusion with maintenance of safety and ventilatory support, cost-effective ICU care and reducing the cost of treatment in the absence of immunoglobulin. Results: The patient showed gradual improvement with diazepam infusion and ICU care and was discharged with complete resolution of tetanic spasms by the time of discharge. Conclusion: Timely diagnosis, strong clinical suspicion, and quality ICU care can ensure recovery in this rare but potentially fatal disease. © The Author(s) 2025.
Microbe-fabricated nanoparticles as potent biomaterials for efficient food preservation
(Elsevier B.V., 2022) Akanksha Rai; Vivek K. Sharma; Akansha Jain; Minaxi Sharma; Ashok Pandey; Harikesh B. Singh; Vijai K. Gupta; Brahma N. Singh
In recent years, cutting-edge nanotechnology research has revolutionized several facets of the food business, including food processing, packaging, transportation, preservation, and functioning. Nanotechnology has beginning to loom large in the food business as the industry's demand for biogenic nanomaterial grows. The intracellular and extracellular synthesis of metal, metal oxide, and other essential NPs has recently been explored in a variety of microorganisms, including bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi, yeasts, microalgae, and viruses. These microbes produce a variety extracellular material, exopolysaccharides, enzymes, and secondary metabolites which play key roles in synthesizing as well as stabilizing the nanoparticle (NPs). Furthermore, genetic engineering techniques can help them to improve their capacity to generate NPs more efficiently. As a result, using microorganisms to manufacture NPs is unique and has a promising future. Microbial-mediated synthesis of NPs has lately been popular as a more environmentally friendly alternative to physical and chemical methods of nanomaterial synthesis, which require higher prices, more energy consumption, and more complex reaction conditions, as well as a potentially dangerous environmental impact. It is critical to consider regulatory measures implemented at all stages of the process, from production through refining, packaging, preservation, and storage, when producing bionanomaterials derived from culturable microbes for efficient food preservation. The current review discusses the synthesis, mechanism of action, and possible food preservation uses of microbial mediated NPs, which can assist to minimize food deterioration from the inside out while also ensuring that food is safe and free of contaminants. Despite the numerous benefits, there are looming debates concerning their usage in food items, particularly regarding its aggregation in human bodies and other risks to the environment. Other applications and impacts of these microbe-fabricated NPs in the context of future food preservation prospects connected with regulatory problems and potential hazards are highlighted. © 2022
Microbial Consortium-Induced Changes in Oxidative Stress Markers in Pea Plants Challenged with Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
(2013) Akansha Jain; Akanksha Singh; Surendra Singh; Harikesh Bahadur Singh
The ability for rhizobacteria and fungus to act as bioprotectants via induced systemic resistance has been demonstrated, and considerable progress has been made in elucidating the mechanisms of plant-biocontrol agent-pathogen interactions. Pseudomonas aeruginosa PJHU15, Trichoderma harzianum TNHU27, and Bacillus subtilis BHHU100 from rhizospheric soils were used singly and in consortium and assessed on the basis of their ability to provide disease protection by relating changes in ascorbic acid and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant enzymes in pea under the challenge of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Increased production of H2O2 24 h after pathogen challenge was observed and was 254.4 and 231.7-287.7 % higher in the triple consortium and singly treated plants, respectively, when compared to untreated challenged control plants. A similar increase in ascorbic acid content and ascorbate peroxidase activity was observed 24 and 48 h after pathogen challenge, respectively, whereas increased activities of catalase, guaiacol peroxidase, and glutathione peroxidase were observed 72 h after pathogen challenge. Similarly, lipid peroxidation reached a maximum at 72 h of pathogen challenge and was 61.2 and 11.2-32.1 % less in the triple consortium and singly treated plants, respectively, when compared to untreated challenged control plants. These findings suggest that the interaction of microorganisms in the rhizosphere enhanced protection from oxidative stress generated by pathogen attack through induction of antioxidant enzymes and improved reactive oxygen species management. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media New York.
Modulation of nutritional and antioxidant potential of seeds and pericarp of pea pods treated with microbial consortium
(Elsevier Ltd, 2014) Akansha Jain; Akanksha Singh; Anita Chaudhary; Surendra Singh; Harikesh Bahadur Singh
Microbial populations have diverse roles within rhizosphere where interactions among distinct microorganisms along with the host may lead to mutualistic associations. The present study aimed to investigate the nutritional and antioxidant qualities of seeds and pericarp of pea raised from seeds treated with beneficial microbes namely Bacillus subtilis BHHU100, Trichoderma harzianum TNHU27 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa PJHU15 either singly and/or in consortia. A significant increase in total phenolic, flavonoid, ascorbic acid and protein contents, free radical scavenging activity, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, iron chelation and reducing power were observed in the seeds and pericarp of pods treated with a consortium of microbes in comparison to control pods. Also, the differential accumulation of phenolic compounds, namely, shikimic acid, gallic acid, tannic acid, syringic acid, p-coumaric acid, quercetin and kaempferol, was observed from the HPLC chromatogram of the seed extracts of different treatments. We especially emphasized on dietary importance of the pod pericarp, other than seeds, along with their modulation by microbial consortium. The study also highlights the role of beneficial microbes in improving nutritional value by providing protection against oxidative stress. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.
Natural antioxidants and their role in cancer prevention
(Springer Netherlands, 2011) Akanksha Singh; Akansha Jain; Birinchi Kumar Sarma; Alok Jha; H.B. Singh
We often credit antioxidants because of their ability to protect cells from the oxidative/electrophilic damage that makes them turn cancerous. A number of antioxidants have shown to inhibit the induction of cancer by a wide variety of chemical carcinogens and/or radiation at many target sites in mice, rats, and hamsters. Epidemiological studies suggest that a diet rich in plant products containing natural antioxidants may be a deterrent to carcinogenicity. Many antioxidants were tested to determine if they would inhibit tumor initiation, promotion, and/or progression. Use of a number of important antioxidants can be helpful in the treatment of cancer, either as sole agents or as adjuncts to standard radiation and chemotherapy protocols. Our knowledge of antioxidants in a cancer setting is still at its infancy stage. In order to understand antioxidants and their role in cancer prevention, we must know what exactly antioxidants are and how they help our bodies. The interactions between antioxidant and cancer prevention cannot be decided solely on the basis of presumed mechanism of action when used concurrently. Numerous natural antioxidants appear to have beneficial health effects. There is sufficient evidence to recommend consuming food sources rich in antioxidants but still much scientific research needs to be carried out before we can begin to make dietary recommendations. This chapter summarizes the current knowledge on the occurrence, types and antioxidative properties of natural antioxidants, underlying the necessity of further research. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media B.V. All rights reserved.
Phenols enhancement effect of microbial consortium in pea plants restrains Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
(Academic Press Inc., 2015) Akansha Jain; Akanksha Singh; Surendra Singh; Harikesh Bahadur Singh
Microbial interactions occurring in rhizosphere may play important roles in providing protection against phytopathogens. Induction of phenolic compounds and their modulation in leaf and collar region was investigated upon challenge inoculation with Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in pea plants untreated and treated with beneficial microbes viz. Bacillus subtilis BHHU100, Trichoderma harzianum TNHU27 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa PJHU15 either singly or in the form of consortium. Changes in phenolic compounds in both leaves and collar region indicated that the induced response was systemic in nature altering the physiological status of the host plant. The phenylpropanoid metabolism was strongly involved in providing resistance against S. sclerotiorum challenge; especially in the plants treated with microbes in consortium, where the response was exaggerated in order to cope up with the biotic stress induced by the pathogen. Enhanced accumulation of phenolics viz., shikimic acid, gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, syringic acid, p-coumaric acid, cinnamic acid, salicylic acid, myricitin, quercetin and kaempferol occurred both in leaf and collar tissue. © 2015 Elsevier Inc.
Recent Developments in Biopesticide Use: Current Status and Future Prospects
(CRC Press, 2025) Nidhi Rai; Akansha Jain; S. P. Rai; Birinchi Kumar Sarma; Harikesh Bahadur Singh
Biopesticides are the answer to the contradictory façade soaring from the application of chemical pesticides in farming and initiated the need for sustainable advancement to advocate and stabilize the genially admissible commercial expansion and environmental security. They are habitually present, biological agents or compounds that are used for the management of discrete pests and pathogens tormenting plants with their diverse mechanisms of action. The application of biopesticides incorporating integrated pest management (IPM) is endorsed as a promising choice to regulate the entire sectors of sustainable agriculture. Presently, we need to intensify biopesticide impelled IPM practices with indispensable knowledge, proficiency, and analysis to promote sustainable agricultural practices. In this chapter, we discussed the adequacy, prospects, and hurdles in the use and commercialization of biopesticides, their current status, recently applied RNAi-based technology and nano-based biopesticides, and how their application is connected to enable growth. © 2025 CRC Press.
Requisiteness of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plant-microbe interactions
(Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2023) Kumar Aditya; Nidhi Rai; Neha Sharma; Jhumishree Meher; Akansha Jain; B.K. Sarma
Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) are profoundly generated as an outcome of various adverse challenges to plants. ROS are responsible for signaling in very small amounts in addition to their involvement in various developmental actions. An oxidative burst at the pathogen challenge site is the first reciprocation to phytopathogen association. ROS productions during the interaction of beneficial microorganisms lead to the induction of plant defense responses by scavenging excess ROS. The ROS entailments in plant-microbe interaction whether the pathogenic and beneficial association is very similar despite the function they perform are different. In the present chapter, we review ROS management and signaling during plant-pathogen and beneficial microorganism interactions. © 2023 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.
Rhizosphere competent microbial consortium mediates rapid changes in phenolic profiles in chickpea during Sclerotium rolfsii infection
(Urban und Fischer Verlag Jena, 2014) Akanksha Singh; Akansha Jain; Birinchi Kumar Sarma; Ram S. Upadhyay; Harikesh Bahadur Singh
The present study was carried out with the aim of evaluating the effectiveness and potentiality of three compatible rhizosphere microbes, viz., fluorescent Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PHU094), Trichoderma harzianum (THU0816) and Mesorhizobium sp. (RL091), in promoting plant growth and mobilizing phenolic acid biosynthesis in chickpea under challenge of Sclerotium rolfsii. The microbes were applied as seed coating in different combinations in two experimental sets and the pathogen was inoculated after 25 days of sowing in one set. Results revealed that microbe application led to higher growth in chickpea particularly in the triple microbe combination compared to their individual treatments and control. Similarly, pathogen challenged plants accumulated higher amount of phenolic compounds both at the site of attack of the pathogen i.e. collar region as well as leaves compared to unchallenged plants. All the bioagents were found to trigger the level of phenolic compounds at collar region in varying degrees as compared to the healthy control (A). However, the most effective treatment was D7 (combined application of PHU094, THU0816 and RL091 with pathogen challenge) among all the treatments. Shikimic acid was maximally induced amongst all the phenolic compounds. In leaves also, the most effective treatment was D7 where shikimic acid, t-chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, myricetin, quercetin and syringic acid were produced in higher amounts as compared to treatment B where the plants were challenged only with the pathogen. © 2013 Elsevier GmbH.
Solid waste management of temple floral offerings by vermicomposting using Eisenia fetida
(2013) Akanksha Singh; Akansha Jain; Birinchi K. Sarma; P.C. Abhilash; Harikesh B. Singh
Recycling of temple waste (TW) mainly comprising of floral offerings was done through vermitechnology using Eisenia fetida and its impact on seed germination and plant growth parameters was studied by comparing with kitchen waste (KW) and farmyard waste (FYW) vermicompost (VC). The worm biomass was found to be maximum in TW VC compared to KW and FYW VCs at both 40 and 120. days old VCs. Physico-chemical analysis of worm-worked substrates showed better results in TW VC especially in terms of electrical conductivity, C/N, C/P and TK. 10% TW VC-water extract (VCE) showed stimulatory effect on germination percentage of chickpea seeds while KW and FYW VCE proved effective at higher concentration. Variation in growth parameters was also observed with change in the VC-soil ratio and TW VC showed enhanced shoot length, root length, number of secondary roots and total biomass at 12.5% VC compared to KW and FYW VC. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.
Virus-Induced Voracity: Uncovering Hyperphagia Post-Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1
(S. Karger AG, 2024) Arpan Mitra; Nayana Bhuyan; Ankur Vivek; Akansha Jain; Vijaya Nath Mishra; Abhishek Pathak
Introduction: Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is the leading cause of sporadic fatal encephalitis, typically presenting with temporal lobe abnormalities. It usually manifests as fever, headache, seizure, altered sensorium, and focal neurological deficit. Hyperphagia as a sole complication of HSV-1 encephalitis is a rare presentation. Case Presentation: We report a 25- year-old woman with a 10-day history of fever, headache, and vomiting, progressing to confusion, visual hallucinations, and drowsiness. She had a history of meningoencephalitis at age 8 and well-controlled focal seizures. Upon admission, magnetic resonance imaging showed T2/fluid-attenuated inversion recovery hyperintensities in both temporal lobes with diffusion restriction. Electroencephalography indicated generalized slowing and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis revealed lymphocytic pleocytosis with elevated protein levels. Viral encephalitis was suspected, and intravenous acyclovir was initiated. CSF polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmed HSV-1. With treatment, she gradually improved but developed hyperphagia during hospital stay. Hyperphagia, a rare complication of herpes simplex virus (HSV) encephalitis, is a part of Kluver-Bucy syndrome typically associated with other cognitive dysfunctions. Despite early treatment, voracious appetite remained partially, emphasizing the need for rapid diagnosis and treatment to prevent severe outcomes. Conclusion: The case highlights that acute onset hyperphagia can be an isolated complication of HSV encephalitis, requiring tailored therapeutic strategies. Follow-up showed significant weight gain with partial improvement in hyperphagia, underscoring the challenges in managing this condition. © 2024 The Author(s). Published by S. Karger AG, Basel.