Browsing by Author "Alla G. Reddy"

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Genetic affinities of the central Indian tribal populations
(2012) Gunjan Sharma; Rakesh Tamang; Ruchira Chaudhary; Vipin Kumar Singh; Anish M. Shah; Sharath Anugula; Deepa Selvi Rani; Alla G. Reddy; Muthukrishnan Eaaswarkhanth; Gyaneshwer Chaubey; Lalji Singh; Kumarasamy Thangaraj
Background: The central Indian state Madhya Pradesh is often called as 'heart of India' and has always been an important region functioning as a trinexus belt for three major language families (Indo-European, Dravidian and Austroasiatic). There are less detailed genetic studies on the populations inhabited in this region. Therefore, this study is an attempt for extensive characterization of genetic ancestries of three tribal populations, namely; Bharia, Bhil and Sahariya, inhabiting this region using haploid and diploid DNA markers. Methodology/Principal Findings: Mitochondrial DNA analysis showed high diversity, including some of the older sublineages of M haplogroup and prominent R lineages in all the three tribes. Y-chromosomal biallelic markers revealed high frequency of Austroasiatic-specific M95-O2a haplogroup in Bharia and Sahariya, M82-H1a in Bhil and M17-R1a in Bhil and Sahariya. The results obtained by haploid as well as diploid genetic markers revealed strong genetic affinity of Bharia (a Dravidian speaking tribe) with the Austroasiatic (Munda) group. The gene flow from Austroasiatic group is further confirmed by their Y-STRs haplotype sharing analysis, where we determined their founder haplotype from the North Munda speaking tribe, while, autosomal analysis was largely in concordant with the haploid DNA results. Conclusions/Significance: Bhil exhibited largely Indo-European specific ancestry, while Sahariya and Bharia showed admixed genetic package of Indo-European and Austroasiatic populations. Hence, in a landscape like India, linguistic label doesn't unequivocally follow the genetic footprints. © 2012 Sharma et al.
Genetic Structure of Tibeto-Burman Populations of Bangladesh: Evaluating the Gene Flow along the Sides of Bay-of-Bengal
(2013) Nurun Nahar Gazi; Rakesh Tamang; Vipin Kumar Singh; Ahmed Ferdous; Ajai Kumar Pathak; Mugdha Singh; Sharath Anugula; Pandichelvam Veeraiah; Subburaj Kadarkaraisamy; Brijesh Kumar Yadav; Alla G. Reddy; Deepa Selvi Rani; Syed Saleheen Qadri; Lalji Singh; Gyaneshwer Chaubey; Kumarasamy Thangaraj
Human settlement and migrations along sides of Bay-of-Bengal have played a vital role in shaping the genetic landscape of Bangladesh, Eastern India and Southeast Asia. Bangladesh and Northeast India form the vital land bridge between the South and Southeast Asia. To reconstruct the population history of this region and to see whether this diverse region geographically acted as a corridor or barrier for human interaction between South Asia and Southeast Asia, we, for the first time analyzed high resolution uniparental (mtDNA and Y chromosome) and biparental autosomal genetic markers among aboriginal Bangladesh tribes currently speaking Tibeto-Burman language. All the three studied populations; Chakma, Marma and Tripura from Bangladesh showed strikingly high homogeneity among themselves and strong affinities to Northeast Indian Tibeto-Burman groups. However, they show substantially higher molecular diversity than Northeast Indian populations. Unlike Austroasiatic (Munda) speakers of India, we observed equal role of both males and females in shaping the Tibeto-Burman expansion in Southern Asia. Moreover, it is noteworthy that in admixture proportion, TB populations of Bangladesh carry substantially higher mainland Indian ancestry component than Northeast Indian Tibeto-Burmans. Largely similar expansion ages of two major paternal haplogroups (O2a and O3a3c), suggested that they arose before the differentiation of any language group and approximately at the same time. Contrary to the scenario proposed for colonization of Northeast India as male founder effect that occurred within the past 4,000 years, we suggest a significantly deep colonization of this region. Overall, our extensive analysis revealed that the population history of South Asian Tibeto-Burman speakers is more complex than it was suggested before. © 2013 Gazi et al.
Reconstructing the demographic history of the Himalayan and adjoining populations
(Springer Verlag, 2018) Rakesh Tamang; Gyaneshwer Chaubey; Amrita Nandan; Periyasamy Govindaraj; Vipin Kumar Singh; Niraj Rai; Chandana Basu Mallick; Vishwas Sharma; Varun Kumar Sharma; Anish M. Shah; Albert Lalremruata; Alla G. Reddy; Deepa Selvi Rani; Pilot Doviah; Neetu Negi; Yarin Hadid; Veena Pande; Satti Vishnupriya; George van Driem; Doron M. Behar; Tikaram Sharma; Lalji Singh; Richard Villems; Kumarasamy Thangaraj
The rugged topography of the Himalayan region has hindered large-scale human migrations, population admixture and assimilation. Such complexity in geographical structure might have facilitated the existence of several small isolated communities in this region. We have genotyped about 850,000 autosomal markers among 35 individuals belonging to the four major populations inhabiting the Himalaya and adjoining regions. In addition, we have genotyped 794 individuals belonging to 16 ethnic groups from the same region, for uniparental (mitochondrial and Y chromosomal DNA) markers. Our results in the light of various statistical analyses suggest a closer link of the Himalayan and adjoining populations to East Asia than their immediate geographical neighbours in South Asia. Allele frequency-based analyses likely support the existence of a specific ancestry component in the Himalayan and adjoining populations. The admixture time estimate suggests a recent westward migration of populations living to the East of the Himalaya. Furthermore, the uniparental marker analysis among the Himalayan and adjoining populations reveal the presence of East, Southeast and South Asian genetic signatures. Interestingly, we observed an antagonistic association of Y chromosomal haplogroups O3 and D clines with the longitudinal distance. Thus, we summarise that studying the Himalayan and adjoining populations is essential for a comprehensive reconstruction of the human evolutionary and ethnolinguistic history of eastern Eurasia. © 2018, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
The Phylogeography of Y-Chromosome Haplogroup H1a1a-M82 Reveals the Likely Indian Origin of the European Romani Populations
(2012) Niraj Rai; Gyaneshwer Chaubey; Rakesh Tamang; Ajai Kumar Pathak; Vipin Kumar Singh; Monika Karmin; Manvendra Singh; Deepa Selvi Rani; Sharath Anugula; Brijesh Kumar Yadav; Ashish Singh; Ramkumar Srinivasagan; Anita Yadav; Manju Kashyap; Sapna Narvariya; Alla G. Reddy; George van Driem; Peter A. Underhill; Richard Villems; Toomas Kivisild; Lalji Singh; Kumarasamy Thangaraj
Linguistic and genetic studies on Roma populations inhabited in Europe have unequivocally traced these populations to the Indian subcontinent. However, the exact parental population group and time of the out-of-India dispersal have remained disputed. In the absence of archaeological records and with only scanty historical documentation of the Roma, comparative linguistic studies were the first to identify their Indian origin. Recently, molecular studies on the basis of disease-causing mutations and haploid DNA markers (i.e. mtDNA and Y-chromosome) supported the linguistic view. The presence of Indian-specific Y-chromosome haplogroup H1a1a-M82 and mtDNA haplogroups M5a1, M18 and M35b among Roma has corroborated that their South Asian origins and later admixture with Near Eastern and European populations. However, previous studies have left unanswered questions about the exact parental population groups in South Asia. Here we present a detailed phylogeographical study of Y-chromosomal haplogroup H1a1a-M82 in a data set of more than 10,000 global samples to discern a more precise ancestral source of European Romani populations. The phylogeographical patterns and diversity estimates indicate an early origin of this haplogroup in the Indian subcontinent and its further expansion to other regions. Tellingly, the short tandem repeat (STR) based network of H1a1a-M82 lineages displayed the closest connection of Romani haplotypes with the traditional scheduled caste and scheduled tribe population groups of northwestern India. © 2012 Rai et al.
Unravelling the distinct strains of Tharu ancestry
(Nature Publishing Group, 2014) Gyaneshwer Chaubey; Manvendra Singh; Federica Crivellaro; Rakesh Tamang; Amrita Nandan; Kamayani Singh; Varun Kumar Sharma; Ajai Kumar Pathak; Anish M. Shah; Vishwas Sharma; Vipin Kumar Singh; Deepa Selvi Rani; Niraj Rai; Alena Kushniarevich; Anne-Mai Ilumäe; Monika Karmin; Anand Phillip; Abhilasha Verma; Erik Prank; Vijay Kumar Singh; Blaise Li; Periyasamy Govindaraj; Akhilesh Kumar Chaubey; Pavan Kumar Dubey; Alla G. Reddy; Kumpati Premkumar; Satti Vishnupriya; Veena Pande; Jüri Parik; Siiri Rootsi; Phillip Endicott; Mait Metspalu; Marta Mirazon Lahr; George Van Driem; Richard Villems; Toomas Kivisild; Lalji Singh; Kumarasamy Thangaraj
The northern region of the Indian subcontinent is a vast landscape interlaced by diverse ecologies, for example, the Gangetic Plain and the Himalayas. A great number of ethnic groups are found there, displaying a multitude of languages and cultures. The Tharu is one of the largest and most linguistically diverse of such groups, scattered across the Tarai region of Nepal and bordering Indian states. Their origins are uncertain. Hypotheses have been advanced postulating shared ancestry with Austroasiatic, or Tibeto-Burman-speaking populations as well as aboriginal roots in the Tarai. Several Tharu groups speak a variety of Indo-Aryan languages, but have traditionally been described by ethnographers as representing East Asian phenotype. Their ancestry and intra-population diversity has previously been tested only for haploid (mitochondrial DNA and Y-chromosome) markers in a small portion of the population. This study presents the first systematic genetic survey of the Tharu from both Nepal and two Indian states of Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh, using genome-wide SNPs and haploid markers. We show that the Tharu have dual genetic ancestry as up to one-half of their gene pool is of East Asian origin. Within the South Asian proportion of the Tharu genetic ancestry, we see vestiges of their common origin in the north of the South Asian Subcontinent manifested by mitochondrial DNA haplogroup M43. © 2014 Macmillan Publishers Limited All rights reserved.