Browsing by Author "Alok Kumar Singh"

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A case of Pseudohypoparathyroidism 1a (PHP 1a)
(2003) I.S. Gambhir; Alok Kumar Singh
[No abstract available]
A light/pH/multiple ion-driven smart switchable module for computing sequential logic operations via a resettable dual-optical readout
(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2015) Alok Kumar Singh; Promod Kumar Yadav; Niraj Kumari; Rajamani Nagarajan; Lallan Mishra
A switchable module comprising pendant pyridine groups, an amide linkage and a photoswitchable functionality (azobenzene) has been designed and characterized via a full battery of physico-chemical techniques. The module has been exploited for ternary/binary data storage with non-destructive optical identity owing to its high photo-stability, excellent reversibility, and chemical-/photo-switchability. Moreover the module exhibits sequential logic gate-based detection of multiple ions (Cu2+, CN-, F- and I-) at ppm levels via a "turn on" signature which potentially meets real-world challenges in terms of the simple synthesis route, rapid response, water based activity, naked-eye visualization, regenerative action, high selectivity and multiple readout for precise analysis. © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2015.
A multifunctional V-shape bis-hydrazone: Characterization, supramolecular architechtures, AIEE, recognition of cations (Cu 2+ , Zn 2+ ) and anions (HPO 4 2- and CN-), mechanochromism, computational and cell imaging studies
(Elsevier B.V., 2018) Kamini Tripathi; Alok Kumar Singh; Avinash Kumar Sonkar; Anand Prakash; Jagat Kumar Roy; Lallan Mishra
A new bis-hydrazone (PYDS) obtained by the condensation of pyridine 2,6-di carbohydrazide with 4-diethylaminosalicylaldehyde in methanol, has been fully characterized using various physicochemical techniques, finally supported by its single crystal X-ray crystallography. X-ray analysis provides novel supramolecular architectures using π-π stacking and H-bonding interactions. It shows aggregation induced emission enhancement (AIEE) in DMF: H 2 O (50:50,v/v) and results the formation of nanoaggregates of 356 nm. These aggregates are characterized by SEM, TEM, AFM and DLS techniques. PYDS detects Cu 2+ and Zn 2+ ions in DMF: H 2 O (7:3, v/v) and displays a turn-on response in absorbance with a high degree of selectivity against common interfering cations. The Cu 2+ and Zn 2+ ions are also detected via chelation enhanced quenching (CHEQ) and chelation enhanced fluorescence (CHEF) processes respectively. DFT and TD-DFT calculations support the experimental results. PYDS enables the visualization of Cu 2+ and Zn 2+ in SiHa cell lines and it also quantify their detection in real water samples with a high precision and good accuracy. The PYDS-Zn 2+ and PYDS-Cu 2+ ensembles act as secondary sensors for HPO 4 2− and CN- anions respectively. The reversible changes in crystalline and amorphous structures of PYDS on applying a mechanical stress has been exploited in the construction of binary memory states. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.
A Novel Rhodamine Probe Acting as Chemosensor for Selective Recognition of Cu2+ and Hg2+ Ions: An Experimental and First Principle Studies
(Springer, 2024) Pawan Kumar Sada; Amit Bar; Amanpreet Kaur Jassal; Prabhat Kumar; S. Srikrishna; Alok Kumar Singh; Sumit Kumar; Laxman Singh; Abhishek Rai
Copper and Mercury ions have vital role to play in biological world as their excess or deficiency can cause different type of diseases in human being as well as biological species including plants and animals. Therefore, their detection at trace level becomes very important in term of biological. The current studies embody the fabrication, structural characterization and recognition behavior of a novel rhodamine B hydrazone formed when hydrazide of rhodamine B was condensed with 5-Allyl-3-methoxy salicylaldehyde (RBMA). RBMA was found to be responsive towards the very trace level of Cu2+ and Hg2+ among other tested cations so far. The sensing procedure is based on the classical opening of the spiroatom ring of rhodamine. The limit of detection (LOD) and binding constant is 5.35 ppm, 2.06 × 104 M−1 and 5.16 ppm, 1.26 × 104 M−1 for Cu2+ and Hg2+ ions respectively. The probable mechanism correlates the specific binding of RBMA with Cu2+ and Hg2+ ions. The 1:1 stoichiometry of RBMA with Cu2+ and Hg2+ ions have been supported by HRMS, FT-IR data, Job's plot, and binding constant data. Reversibility is well exhibited by RBMA by the involvement of CO32− ions via demetallation process. The real time application is well demonstrated by the use of paper strip test. The DFT study also carried out which agrees well with the experimental findings. The results displayed the novelty of this current work towards the trace level analysis of the Cu2+ and Hg2+ of the cations which are play the crucial role in industry. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2023.
A quick and selective rhodamine based “smart probe” for “signal-on” optical detection of Cu2+ and Al3+ in water, cell imaging, computational studies and solid state analysis
(Elsevier B.V., 2018) Abhishek Rai; Alok Kumar Singh; Kamini Tripathi; Avinash Kumar Sonkar; Brijesh Singh Chauhan; S. Srikrishna; Tony D. James; Lallan Mishra
A novel rhodamine hydrazone 1 has been synthesized by the condensation of rhodamine B hydrazide with allylsalicylaldehyde and has been fully characterized using various physicochemical techniques including single crystal XRD. Probe 1 can detect Cu2+ and Al3+ ions in aqueous media and displays a turn-on response in absorbance with a high degree of selectivity amongst other common interfering analytes. Al3+ ions lead to fluorescence enhancementby the opening of the spirolactum ring resulting in chelation enhanced fluorescence. DFT and TDDFT calculations support the experimental results. The 1-Al3+ ensemble acts as secondary sensor for pyrophosphate anion due to metal ion induced decomplexation resulting in a low detection limit. Probe 1 can be utilized for bio imaging and displays morphological transformations from crystalline to amorphous state with associated color changes due to mechanical switching. In the solid state, probe 1 displays distinct color changes with emission at different wavelengths in particular Al3+ and Hg2+result in a red shift of the CIE-diagram. While the band gap of probe 1can be tuned from 2.08 eV to 1.60 eV Probe 1 meets many real-world-challenges in that it is prepared using simple synthetic methods, produces fast and distinct response towards multiple-ions, observed by the “naked eye” in solution and on a TLC plate, and can be exploited for binary data storage. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.
A smart switchable module for the detection of multiple ions: Via turn-on dual-optical readout and their cell imaging studies
(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2016) Abhishek Rai; Alok Kumar Singh; Avinash Kumar Sonkar; Anand Prakash; Jagat Kumar Roy; Rajamani Nagarajan; Lallan Mishra
A module switchable as a function of multi-stimuli response has been designed. The module displays sequential logic gate-based detection of multiple ions (Fe3+, Hg2+, CN- and S2-) at ppm levels via a "turn on" signature which potentially meets real-world-challenges through a simple synthetic route, a fast response, water based-activity, naked-eye visualization, regenerative-action, high selectivity and multiple readout for precise analysis. Living cell imaging of Fe3+ and Hg2+ has also been carried out in HeLa cell lines. © 2016 The Royal Society of Chemistry.
Agroforestry: Climate-Smart Agriculture Technique for Semi-Arid Climate
(Springer Science+Business Media, 2025) Alok Kumar Singh; Abhinav Singh; Girish Tantuway; Saurbh Shukla; Anwesha Dey
Agroforestry is a multifaceted land use system that integrates trees, crops, and/or livestock on the same unit of land, emerges as a promising solution to deal with the problems caused by climate change in semi-arid climates. With its multiple benefits, agroforestry stands as a cornerstone for bolstering agricultural resilience and fostering environmental sustainability in regions vulnerable to extreme weather events and climate variability. This chapter delineates the paramount significance of agroforestry as a climate-smart agriculture technique tailored to the unique needs of semi-arid landscapes. It seeks to explain agroforestry’s critical role in reducing the effects of climate change while boosting agricultural output and livelihoods by offering a thorough review of its concepts and uses. The chapter highlights the inherent adaptability and resilience of agroforestry systems to climatic pressures through an analysis of diverse systems and their characteristics. This positions agroforestry systems as effective solutions for resolving local agricultural and environmental concerns in semi-arid regions. It also explores the many advantages of climate-smart agroforestry, which include biodiversity preservation, soil moisture retention, carbon sequestration, and economic diversification. The chapter emphasizes the critical role that agroforestry plays in promoting sustainable agricultural practices and boosting the resilience of semi-arid communities by highlighting the synergistic relationship between agroforestry and climate change mitigation/adaptation. In elucidating implementation strategies, the chapter navigates through critical considerations such as site and species selection, integration with agricultural crops and livestock, and management practices geared toward optimizing productivity and sustainability. Additionally, it underscores the indispensable role of policy and institutional support in fostering the widespread adoption of agroforestry, thereby facilitating its integration into mainstream agricultural practices in semi-arid regions. Despite its myriad benefits, the chapter acknowledges the challenges associated with agroforestry adoption in semi-arid climates, ranging from logistical barriers to research gaps. However, it also identifies scaling-up opportunities and outlines future directions for advancing agroforestry as a preeminent climate-smart agriculture technique in semi-arid regions. Through a comprehensive synthesis of existing knowledge and innovative perspectives, this chapter endeavors to contribute to the advancement of agroforestry as a cornerstone strategy for climate resilience and sustainability in semi-arid climates. © 2025 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
Altitudinal variation in carbon stocks of quercus leucotrichophora forests in the Western Himalayas: Implications for climate change mitigation
(Elsevier B.V., 2025) Rupali Singh; Prem Prakash; Alok Kumar Singh; Saurbh Shukla; Prashant Prakash Sharma; Vivek Chauhan; Bipin Kumar Singh; Pooja
Forest ecosystems, particularly in mountainous regions, serve as vital carbon sinks, playing a critical role in mitigating climate change. The Western Himalayas, characterized by a diverse range of forest types, are ecologically sensitive and highly vulnerable to environmental changes. As key drivers of ecological variation, altitudinal gradients significantly influence vegetation structure, biomass accumulation, and carbon sequestration potential. Therefore, the present investigation, conducted during 2021–22, aimed to quantify the role of altitude in the biomass production and the variation in carbon stock of Quercus leucotrichophora in the Banj Oak Forest (Subtype 12/C1a) along an altitudinal gradient (1200–2100 m) in the Western Himalayas. The study selected three forest ranges of Renuka forest division, namely Shillai, Nohra, and Sangrah, divided into three altitude ranges: E1 (1200–1500 m), E2 (1500–1800 m), and E3 (1800–2100 m). Vegetation biomass, soil organic carbon, and total ecosystem carbon stocks were quantified across three elevation zones of three different forest ranges. The findings of this study showed significant decreases in tree density, basal area, biomass, and carbon stocks with increasing elevation. Total vegetation biomass declined from 625 t ha−1 at E1 to 444 t ha−1 at E2. Soil organic carbon also decreased with elevation, ranging from 80.6 t ha−1 to 37.2 t ha−1. Total ecosystem carbon density followed a similar trend, decreasing from 392.9 t ha−1 at 1200–1500 m to 259.2 t ha−1 at 1800–2100 m. The study highlights the critical importance of elevation in shaping forest carbon pools and provides baseline data for sustainable management. Specifically, it emphasizes the need to prioritize carbon conservation and management at lower altitudes, which were identified as significant carbon sinks. © 2025 The Author(s)
An ensemble of Zn 2+ with a rhodamine B-3-allylsalicylaldehyde hydrazone as novel photosensitive material: Photochromism, photopatterning, photoprinting and molecular logic gates
(Elsevier B.V., 2019) Abhishek Rai; Alok Kumar Singh; Avinash Kumar Sonkar; Kamini Tripathi; Lallan Mishra
An ensemble of Zn 2+ with Rhodamine B-3-allylsalicylaldehyde hydrazone (1-Zn 2+ ), has been synthesized and fully characterized using spectroscopic techniques. A solution of 1-Zn 2+ in THF, displays color changes from light yellow to pink color in the presence UV light (λ, 405 nm). The process is reversible and owes to keto-enol tautomerism which allows the opening of spirolactam ring of rhodamine in the presence of UV light. It is corroborated by the appearance of a new peak at λ max = 554 nm. The ensemble, 1-Zn 2+ embedded in the matrix of silica gel, displays photo patterning phenomena initiated by the conventional light sources including sunlight. It also displays photoprinting property with a laser pen (λ 405 nm) and has been displayed by a videography. The module 1-Zn 2+ meets real challenges through a simple synthetic route, fast response, and as a binary data storage system with non-destructive optical identity. © 2019 Elsevier B.V.
Antidiabetic activity of polyherbomineral formulation: Chandrakala rasa
(Medknow Publications, 2016) Alok Kumar Singh; Santosh Kumar Maurya; Damiki Laloo; Narendra Kumar Singh; Ankit Seth
Objective: Chandrakala rasa (CKR), a herbomineral formulation is used to treat diabetes mellitus in ayurvedic system of health care. The present study aims to evaluate the antihyperglycemic potential of CKR in normoglycemic and streptozotocin (STZ)-nicotinamide (NAD)-induced Type 2 diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: Effects of CKR (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) on hypoglycemia as well as on oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were evaluated in normoglycemic rats by measuring the blood glucose concentrations. Similarly, blood glucose level was measured after 7, 14 and 21 days in STZ-NAD-induced diabetic rats treated with CKR. Different biochemical parameters such as total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol were estimated in a blood sample. In vivo antioxidant potential of CKR was measured in isolated liver sample of rats. Results: CKR (400 mg/kg, p.o.) did not show any hypoglycemic effect in normoglycemic rats. In OGTT, it significantly reduced the hike in blood glucose levels within 30-60 min after glucose administration without causing any hypoglycemic effect. Administration of CKR significantly reduced the fasting blood glucose levels on 7th, 14th and 21st days in STZ-NAD-induced diabetic rats. Treatment of rats with CKR reversed plasma lipid profile as well as increases liver glycogen level significantly in STZ-NAD-induced diabetic rats. Treatment with CKR in diabetic rats significantly restored the levels of lipid per-oxidation, superoxide dismutase and catalase as compared to negative control rats. Conclusion: The present study showed that CKR has antidiabetic activity probably because of antioxidant potential.
Azobenzamide-based proteomorphous objects as a light/pH-induced photoswitchable module
(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2014) Promod Kumar Yadav; Alok Kumar Singh; Anup Kumar; Niraj Kumari; Antonino Gulino; Lallan Mishra; Tarkeshwar Gupta
Azobenzamide-based molecular scaffolds viz. (E)-4,4′(diazene-1,2- diyl)bis(N-pyridin-3-yl)benzamide (1) and (E)-4,4′(diazene-1,2-diyl)bis(N- pyridin-4-yl)benzamide (2), yield proteomorphous architectures i.e., secondary "β-pleated sheet" and tertiary "β-hairpin" respectively, that offer "optical data storage" competence as a result of reversible light-induced conformational changes in organic solvent. © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2014.
COVID-19: The Cause of the Manifested Cardiovascular Complications During the Pandemic
(Frontiers Media SA, 2021) Audditiya Bandopadhyay; Alok Kumar Singh; Gyaneshwer Chaubey
In the course of human history, we encountered several devastating waves of pandemics, affecting millions of lives globally and now the rapid and progressive spread of the novel SARS-CoV-2, causing Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has created a worldwide wave of crisis. Profoundly straining national health care systems, it also significantly impacted the global economic stability. With the introduction of COVID-19 measures, mainly driven by immunization drives, casualties due to the virus were reported to decrease considerably. But then comes into play the post-Covid morbidities, along with their short and long-term effects on the elderly and the co-morbid population. Moreover, the pediatric population and the otherwise healthy cohort of the young athletes were also reported being largely affected by the varying amount of post-recovery virus-induced Cardiac manifestations, in the subsequent waves of the pandemic. Therefore, here we thrived to find answers to the seemingly unending series of questions that popped up with the advent of the disease, nevertheless, there still lies a blind spot in understanding the impacts of the disease on the Cardiovascular Health of an individual, even after the clinical recovery. Thus, along with the current data related to the diverse cardiovascular complications due to SARS-COV-2 infection, we suggest long-term ‘Cardiac surveillance' for the COVID-19 recovered individuals. Copyright © 2021 Bandopadhyay, Singh and Chaubey.
CRISPR-Cas system: from diagnostic tool to potential antiviral treatment
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2022) Aishwarya Rajan; Stuti Shrivastava; Janhawi; Akhilesh Kumar; Alok Kumar Singh; Pankaj Kumar Arora
Abstract: This mini review focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of virus diseases using Crisper-Cas technology. The present paper describes various strategies involved in diagnosing diseases using Crispr-Cas-based assays. Additionally, CRISPR-Cas systems offer great potential as new therapeutic tools for treating viral infections including HIV, Influenza, and SARS-CoV-2. There are several major challenges to be overcome before this technology can be applied routinely in clinical settings, such as finding a suitable delivery tool, toxicity, and immunogenicity, as well as off-target effects. This review also discusses ways to deal with the challenges associated with Crisper-Cas technology. Key points: • Crisper technology is being applied to diagnose infectious and non-infectious diseases. • A new generation of CRISPR-Cas-based assays has been developed which detect pathogens within minutes, providing rapid diagnosis of diseases. • Crispr-Cas tools can be used to combat viral infections, specifically HIV, influenza, and SARS-CoV-2. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
Current update on the antibiotic resistance profile and the emergence of colistin resistance in Enterobacter isolates from hospital-acquired infections
(Elsevier B.V., 2025) Srishti Singh; Alok Kumar Singh; Sudhir Kumar Singh; Virendra Bahadur Yadav; Akshay Kumar; Gopal Nath
Introduction: Bacterial pathogens are becoming a growing concern as antibiotic resistance among Gram-negative bacteria rises globally. The gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family, Enterobacter is a nosocomial pathogen, having ubiquitous distribution in natural environments, including sewage and dairy products. These bacteria increasingly exhibit a multidrug resistance phenotype, thus becoming resilient to available treatment therapies. The fact mentioned above has resulted in them being included in the “ESKAPE” group of opportunistic pathogens, which represents a group for which no effective therapeutic options would be available in a given scenario. So, this study aimed to identify antibiotic resistance patterns in Enterobacter species collected from the bacteriological section of the Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi. Materials and Methods: Fifty-one isolates were collected from clinical samples, including urine, pus, blood, cerebrospinal fluid, sputum, and stool. All isolates were phenotypically identified using VITEK-2 automated systems (ID GNB cards). Additionally, the isolates were genotypically characterised with species-specific primers via PCR, and whole genome sequencing was performed for two isolates, followed by antimicrobial susceptibility testing using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Concurrently, broth dilution methods were used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) according to CLSI 2020 guidelines. The Multiple Antibiotic Resistance Index (MARI) was calculated by dividing the number of drugs to which the bacterial isolate is resistant by the total number of antibiotics used in the experiment. Results: The highest resistance rates were observed against levofloxacin (94 %), ciprofloxacin, and ampicillin, with 92 % (47/51) of isolates demonstrating resistance. Cefazolin also exhibited a high resistance rate, with 82 % (42/51) of resistant isolates. Notably, 96.07 % of isolates showed a multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index greater than 0.2, indicating a significant burden of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. In contrast, 21.56 % had an index greater than 1.0, indicating resistance to all antibiotics tested. Conclusion: This paper highlights the latest information regarding drug resistance patterns in Enterobacter isolates. The last resort for treating gram-negative bacteria is increasingly losing its effectiveness due to the emergence of colistin-resistant strains. Therefore, alternative therapies, such as phage treatment or other antimicrobial agents, must be developed to combat these superbugs. © 2025 The Authors
Development of a new rhodamine 6G based probe and its application as an optical sensor of Cu2+ and Fe3+ ions: A comprehensive experimental and Theoretical studies
(Elsevier Inc., 2024) Pawan Kumar Sada; Amanpreet Kaur Jassal; Amit Bar; Prabhat Kumar; S. Srikrishna; Sumit Kumar; Alok Kumar Singh; Youngil Lee; Laxman Singh; Abhishek Rai
A new rhodamine appended probe 3-allyl salicylaldehyde rhodamine hydrazone (RGAL) has been synthesized and thoroughly characterized using various spectroscopic techniques, as well as single crystal XRD. The optical properties of RGAL were investigated in 10 mM HEPES buffer in H2O:CH3CN (2:8, v/v, pH=7.2) in the presence of various cations. RGAL showed selectivity and sensitivity towards Cu2+ during absorption process and “turn on” behavior towards Fe3+ during emission study owing to the opening of a spirolactum ring. The detection limits for Cu2+ and Fe3+ ions using RGAL were determined to be 6.15 ppm and 4.75 ppm, respectively. The binding constant of RGAL with Cu2+ and Fe3+ ions was found to be 1.20 × 104 M−1 and 1.71 × 104 M−1, respectively. Hirshfeld surface and fingerprint analysis of RGAL provides the in-depth analysis of pairwise interaction between two atoms. Furthermore, the topological analysis of RGAL is performed using NCI, AIM, ELF and LOL analysis. The analysis provides information about O78-H79…N71 and C40-H41…O77 hydrogen bonding interactions in the monomer of RGAL whereas various inter- and intra- molecular interactions give strength to the dimer pattern of RGAL. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.
Diagnostic Methods of Parasitic Diseases of Poultry
(Bentham Science Publishers, 2025) S. Kumar; Pradeep Kumar; R. L. Rakesh; Alok Kumar Singh; Vivek Agarwal; Krishnendu Kundu; Renu Singh
The use of diagnostic methods for the diagnosis of parasitic diseases in poultry has been almost constant over the past few decades. Since the introduction of PCR, few major advances have been adopted in clinical diagnostic tests. Many diagnostic tests that form the backbone of the “modern” microbiology laboratories rely on very old and labour-intensive technologies such as microscopy for the diagnosis of parasites including helminths, protozoans, arthropods, and haemoprotozoans. Urgent needs include more rapid tests without compromising the sensitivity, value-added tests, and point-of-care tests for both high- and low-resource settings. In recent years, research has been focused on alternative methods to improve the diagnosis of parasitic diseases. These include molecular technique-based approaches, immunoassays and proteomics using mass spectrometry platforms technology. This chapter discusses the progress of several approaches in parasite diagnosis and some of their silent characteristics. © 2025, Bentham Books imprint.
Ecosystem services provided by agroforestry systems: Insights from the Indian subcontinent
(IGI Global, 2025) Rupali Singh; Vivek Chauhan; S. B. Chavan; Alok Kumar Singh; Anita Tomar; Shubham D. Gurav; Vijaysinha D. Kakade; Amrut Sanjay Morade; Kotha Sammi Reddy
Agroforestry, a land-use system integrating trees with crops and livestock, has attracted attention for its capacity to deliver various ecosystem services. In the Indian Subcontinent, where land resources face intense pressure, agroforestry provides a sustainable and resilient solution to landscape management. This chapter examines the ecosystem services offered by agroforestry systems in this region, emphasising their advantages and the challenges to their broader implementation. It begins with an overview of agroforestry's historical context, geographical distribution, and prevailing practices in the subcontinent. Moreover, environmental challenges and vulnerability to climate change further complicate the effective implementation of agroforestry practices. To address these constraints and optimize the potential of agroforestry, the chapter proposes several key recommendations. By addressing these research gaps, agroforestry can significantly contribute to sustainable land management and human well-being across the Indian Subcontinent. © 2025, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved.
Effect of fertility levels on sesame (Sesamum indicum) varieties under agri-horti system
(Indian Council of Agricultural Research, 2022) Abib Kumar Patel; J.S. Bohra; Savita Dewangan; Alok Kumar Singh
The move towards higher production of quality crops with alternative land use systems i.e. agri-horticulture system in combination with adequate supply of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulphur and improved varietal selection can solve the problem of lower productivity. Consequently, the present study illustrated that selection of crop varieties according to land use system with balanced nutrients supply can optimize the crop production in sustainable manner. The study showed that the performance of crop with different varietal selection was influenced by the different levels of nutrients supply. The growth and yield parameters were significantly affected with the application of 60, 30, 30, 30 kg of N, P2O5K2O and S/ha and produced significantly higher seed yield (675 kg/ha) as compared to 40, 20, 20, 20 kg of N, P2O5K2O and S/ ha and 20, 10, 10, 10 kg of N, P2O5K2O, and S/ha among various fertility levels. © 2022 Indian Council of Agricultural Research. All rights reserved.
Effect of immunosenescence on the induction of cardiovascular disease pathogenesis: Role of peripheral blood mononuclear cells
(2008) Alok Kumar Singh; Vivek Singh; Mahendra Pal Singh; Pratima Shrivastava; Nisha Singh; Indrajeet Singh Gambhir; Sukh Mahendra Singh
It is well established that the immune potential declines with age. However, there is a great paucity of information regarding role of monocytes in elderly suffering from cerebrovascular accident. This present study was undertaken to investigate if the functions of peripheral blood mononuclear cells have any correlation to the manifestation of an age-associated cerebrovascular disorders: myocardial infraction, cerebrovascular (infract & hemorrhage). An age-associated inhibition in the production of interleukin-1 (IL-1) by monocytes was observed while the production of nitric oxide (NO) remained unaltered in the response of monocytes, obtained from normal elderly donors, to Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment in vitro. Cerebrovascular pathologies were found to be associated with an augmentation of IL-1 production by monocyte, while NO production was augmented in case of CVA (hemorrhage) and MI. Trace element copper was found to be lower in the serum of patients suffering from CVA, while concentration of zinc was found to be elevated in serum compared to these trace elements in normal adults. Thus these factors are likely to play a role in the pathogenesis of age-related cerebrovascular disorders. Copyright © Informa Healthcare USA, Inc.
Efficacy of bacteriophage cocktails administered through mucosal and non-mucosal routes for urinary tract infections caused by Enterobacter cloacae: A preclinical study
(Academic Press, 2025) Srishti Singh; Alok Kumar Singh; Alakh Narayan Singh; Sudhir Kumar Singh; Virendra Bahadur Yadav; Mayank Gangwar; Minakshi Sahu; Deepak Kumar; Gopal Nath
This preclinical study assessed the effectiveness of a phage cocktail in completely curing Enterobacter cloacae-associated urinary tract infections (UTIs) in a mouse model, employing various routes and dosages (both in quantity and frequency). Three lytic phages, designated ΦENT1, ΦENT2, and ΦENT3, were identified and characterised phenotypically using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and genotypically through ERIC and restriction enzyme analysis. To induce a UTI, ten groups of female Swiss albino mice were inoculated with 100 μL containing 1 × 109 CFU/mL via the urethral route with E. cloacae GNENT11213. The mice were subsequently treated with the phage cocktail via subcutaneous, oral, transurethral, and rectal routes. The efficacy of these routes was optimised at two doses of phages, namely 1 × 109 PFU/mL (5 mice) and 1 × 105 PFU/mL (5 mice). Furthermore, the levels of Endotoxins and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured to assess the negative impact of phage therapy. Our findings indicated that E. cloacae GNENT11213 could be effectively eliminated with one dosage of 1 × 109Plaque-Forming Units per mouse (PFU/mouse) and two doses of the phage cocktail containing 1 × 105 PFU/mouse administered through the urethra (local mucosa). Interestingly, higher concentrations of phage particles and multiple doses were necessary for other mucosal routes, such as oral and rectal administration, to effectively eradicate E. cloacae GNENT11213 at any stage of acute illness UTI. Furthermore, phage treatment did not significantly alter the levels of IL-6 and Endotoxins. Non-mucosal routes, such as subcutaneous, were ineffective in curing the infection. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.