Browsing by Author "Alok Tripathi"

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Bioactive compounds and their future therapeutic applications
(Elsevier, 2020) Kriti Shrinet; Ritika K. Singh; Avinash K. Chaurasia; Alok Tripathi; Arvind Kumar
Natural bioactive compounds, plant secondary metabolites, are not necessary for the normal survival of the plants but required for inter- or intragenus/species competition, defense, attraction, and signaling in plants. These compounds play a crucial role in the life of animals with having great potential for human well-fare, mostly with pharmacological or toxicological effects, against microbial pathogens and diseases including cancer in humans and animals. Bioactive compounds involve a broad variety of chemical structures and functions that facilitate a better way for the production of nutraceuticals, functional foods, and food additives. Some bioactive compounds found in nature are significantly high in concentration such as polyphenols; examples are phenolic compounds, flavonoids, anthocyanidins, flavans, tannins, and so on, and other concentrations are nonsignificant, but with high commercial values. Bioactive compounds have diverse pharmacological activities and applications for treatment of many diseases. These compounds act as antidiabetic, antipyretic, anticancerous, antidiuretic, antiatherosclerotic, and so on for the human beings. However, the inherent difficulties in screening and manufacturing these compounds have led to the development of advanced technologies. Frequently used methods for their extraction from plants and their parts are the conventional liquid-liquid or solid-liquid extraction, and the advanced methods include pressurized-liquid extraction, subcritical, and supercritical extractions and microwave- and ultrasound-assisted extractions. Extracted compounds are further characterized by MALDI-TOF-MS based on their specific absorption spectra to be used for the formulation of various drugs. © 2021 Elsevier Inc.
CGA mitigates HMGB1 mediated TLR4 activated hepatic cancer in urethane primed mice
(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Alok Tripathi; Kriti Shrinet; Arvind Kumar
Background: Liver cancer is fourth leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Urethane presents in herbicides, pesticides and food beverages as preservatives upregulate the expression of inflammatory cytokines in liver tissues for the genesis of cancer. It also naturally formed in fermented food products and distilled beverages. Study design: Balb/c mice of approx same age and body weight were selected and divided into four groups G-I (PBS treated), G-II (urethane of 500 mg/kgb.w.), G-III (CGA of 50 mg/kg b.w.) and G-IV (urethane & CGA). Treatments were given on alternate day upto eight consecutive weeks and 3-12 month of latency period. Blood sample collected was used for counting of inflammatory immune cells by automated cell counter. Total RNA and protein samples isolated from dissected liver of sacrificed mice were used for molecular analysis at transcriptional and translational level. Methods: Gene expression is assessed by RT-PCR at transcriptional level and by western blot at translational level. Immunological effects are evaluated by counting inflammatory immue cells and histopathology is done to examine hepatic tissues injury by carcinogen urethane. Hypothesis and purpose: Inflammatory cytokines create microenvironment for tumor initiation and development which is mediated through TLR-4 pathway activation via HMGB1 upon carcinogen exposure. Here aimed to find out the role of Chlorogenic acid (CGA) a phenolic compound naturally present in plants as anti-cancerous properties to prevent and cure cancer by acting upon HMGB1 & TLR4 pathway. Results: At transcriptional level up-regulated expression of HMGB1, TLR-4 pathway genes, pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-18 in urethane treated mice is observed. Western blot results showed up-regulated expression of HMGB1 and NF-κB protein at translational level. CGA treated mice liver showed down-regulated expression of these inflammatory molecules. Increased number of inflammatory immune cells and presence of hepatic tissues injury in histopathological slides is observed in urethane treated mice that is mitigated by CGA. Conclusion: CGA is an important anti-cancerous bioactive compound targets inflammatory cytokines and HMGB1 at molecular level to prevent, cure and mitigate liver cancer. Down regulated expression of HMGB1 and TLR-4 activation pathway in cancerous Balb/c mice liver proved its anti-cancerous properties to become a potential future drug. © 2024
Continuous Watson wavelet transform
(2012) S.K. Upadhyay; Alok Tripathi
We generalize the results of [2], and using the theory of Watson convolution, the continuous Watson wavelet transform is defined. Some properties related to the Watson wavelet transform are studied. © 2012 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.
Green Synthesis, Characterization, and Application of Ascophyllum Nodosum Silver Nanoparticles
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Sunil Kumar Mishra; Saket Sinha; Amit Kumar Singh; Prabhat Upadhyay; Diya Kalra; Pradeep Kumar; Kavindra Nath Tiwari; Rajan Singh; Rakesh Kumar Singh; Arvind Kumar; Alok Tripathi; Brijesh Singh Chauhan; S. Srikrishna
Purpose: Green nanotechnology as a field has emerged and gained popularity amongst biologists due to its cost-effective and environment-friendly advancements. The most preferred is the biological method which involves plants and their extracts. Methods: The silver nanoparticles were synthesized by a sunlight-driven aqueous extract (AE) of whole plant powder of Ascophyllum nodosum. Advanced techniques like high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and particle size analysis were used to determine the nature of nanoparticles. Antioxidant, anti-fungal, and anti-leishmanial activities were evaluated. Result: The techniques confirmed the formation of spherical particles of the desired range of size. Silver nanoparticles exhibited a much greater DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazine-hydrate) radical scavenging activity which was almost six to seven folds more than that exhibited by the AE alone. The anti-leishmanial and cytotoxic activities were evaluated on Leishmania donovani promastigote and amastigote. Conclusion: The synthesized AgNPs showed remarkable DPPH radical scavenging ability owing to their antioxidant properties. The anti-leishmanial activity was exceptionally viable in both AE and AgNPs. The findings all together support the tendency of Ascophyllum nodosum to efficiently synthesized AgNPs which could be utilized for its anti-leishmanial properties. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.] © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to The Regenerative Engineering Society.
HMGB1 protein as a novel target for cancer
(Elsevier Inc., 2019) Alok Tripathi; Kriti Shrinet; Arvind Kumar
Highly conserved nuclear protein High Mobility Group Box1 (HMGB1) present in mammals has functionality as an immuno-modulator in the form of cytokine molecule, as a nuclear factor to regulate these molecules and DNA structural determination. It has proximal homologous DNA binding domains Box-A, Box-B and distal C-terminal domain. Reduced form exists in basic condition has chemotaxis activity, while form with disulphide bond reduced at 106 th cysteine showed cytokine activity. The oxidized form is devoid of both activities. HMGB1 binds and bends dsDNA and also activates genes for secretion of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β TNF-α IL-6 and IL-18. It can interact with transcription factors Rel/NF-κB and p53 responsible for up-regulating oncogenes. Oxidative stressed injured tissues actively secrete HMGB1 outside cells to necrotize other nearby tissues passively in cytosol. Acetylation of HMGB1 weakens its binding with DNA, and promotes its migration to different tissues leading to secretion of inflammatory-cytokines. HMGB1 expression has been found very important in the genesis and promotion of different cancer by promoting metastasis. In current article, we emphasized on condition based structural variability of HMGB1, mechanism of release, physiological functions and its functionality as a biomarker for cancer to be targeted to curb cancer genesis and progression. © 2019
Synergistic protective effect of picrorhiza with honey in acetaminophen induced hepatic injury
(National Institute of Science Communication, 2016) Prashant Gupta; Alok Tripathi; Tripti Agrawal; Chandradeo Narayan; B.M. Singh; Mohan Kumar; Arvind Kumar
Rhizome of picrorhiza along with honey prevents hepatic damage and cure the acetaminophen (paracetamol) induced hepatotoxicity by modulating the activity of hepatic enzymes. Here, we studied the in vivo effects of Picrorhiza kurroa and honey on acetaminophen induced hepatotoxicity Balb/c mice model. Hepatic histopathological observations of acetaminophen fed (day-6) group showed more congestion, hemorrhage, necrosis, distorted hepatic architecture and nuclear inclusion. Such damages were recompensed to normal by picrorhiza or honey alone or both in combinations. We observed increased activity of SGPT and SGOT in injured liver tissues, and that too was compensated to normal with picrorhiza or honey alone or both in combinations. We observed 1.27 and 1.23-fold enhanced activity of SGPT in serum and liver lysate, respectively while SGOT showed 1.66 and 1.11 fold enhanced activity. These two enzymes are signature enzymes of liver damage. Thus, our results support that honey may be used with drug picrorhiza due to its synergistic role to enhance hepatoprotective and hepatoregenerative ability along with allopathic drugs to mitigate the hepatotoxic effects. © 2016, National Institute of Science Communication. All rights reserved.
Toxicity evaluation of pH dependent stable Achyranthes aspera herbal gold nanoparticles
(Springer Nature, 2016) Alok Tripathi; Sarika Kumari; Arvind Kumar
Nanoparticles have gained substantial attention for the control of various diseases. However, any adverse effect of herbal gold nanoparticles (HGNPs) on animals including human being has not been investigated in details. The objectives of current study are to assess the cytotoxicity of HGNPs synthesized by using leaf extract of Achyranthes aspera, and long epoch stability. The protocol deals with stability of HGNPs in pH dependent manner. Visually, HGNPs formation is characterized by colour change of extract from dark brown to dark purple after adding gold chloride solution (1 mM). The 100 μg/ml HGNPs concentration has been found nontoxic to the cultured spleenocyte cells. Spectrophotometric analysis of nanoparticles solution gave a peak at 540 nm which corresponds to surface plasmon resonance absorption band. As per scanning electron microscopy and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), size of HGNPs are in the range of 50–80 nm (average size 70 nm) with spherical morphology. TEM-selected area electron diffraction observation showed hexagonal texture. HGNPs showed substantial stability at higher temperature (85 °C), pH 10 and salt concentration (5 M). The zeta potential value of HGNPs is −35.9 mV at temperature 25 °C, pH 10 showing its good quality with better stability in comparison to pH 6 and pH 7. The findings advocate that the protocol for the synthesis of HGNPs is easy and quick with good quality and long epoch stability at pH 10. Moreover, non-toxic dose could be widely applicable for human health as a potential nano-medicine in the future to cure diseases. © 2015, The Author(s).