Browsing by Author "Amit Kumar Macorya"

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Enhancing Self-Esteem: Evaluating the Effects of a Self-Affirmation Intervention Among Indian Adults With Subclinical Depression
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2025) Gyanesh Kumar Tiwari; Archna Choudhary; Archana Singh; Anurag Shukla; Amit Kumar Macorya; Ashutosh Pandey; Ajit Kumar Singh
Objectives: Previous research reports self-affirmation interventions to be efficacious in enhancing many life outcomes of normal individuals, but limited research has assessed its restorative and preserving capacities to enhance and maintain the self-esteem of individuals with subclinical depressive tendencies. Methods: This study employed an experimental research design. Eighty participants (age range = 22–27 years) with subclinical depression were chosen using purposive sampling and were randomly assigned in equal numbers to the experimental and control conditions and their self-esteem was measured at pre-intervention, post-intervention and follow-up intervals. Results: Results showed that the experimental group participants evoked significantly higher mean scores (F(1, 76) = 29.20, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.28) on self-esteem as compared to the control group at post-intervention (Control: Mean (SD) = 17.48 (2.73); Experimental: Mean (SD) = 51.43 (3.29)) and follow-up (Control: Mean (SD) = 18.28 (2.72); Experimental: Mean (SD) = 48.65 (3.74)). There was a significant difference in the mean scores of the self-esteem of the experimental group participants during post-intervention and follow-up (F(2, 152) = 6.50, p = 0.002, η2 = 0.08). These findings were evident in the conditions' (experimental, control) and intervals' (pre-intervention, post-intervention, follow-up) main and interaction effects: F(2, 152) = 6.54, p < 0.002, η2 = 0.08; and F(2, 152) = 3.87, p < 0.023, η2 = 0.05. The size of these effects ranged from very low, low, to medium (η2). Conclusion: The findings revealed the restorative and preserving capacities of this self-affirmation intervention for self-esteem. The positive outcomes of the self-affirmation intervention may have been produced as result of the activation of meaning, positive cognitions and positive relationships. © 2025 British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy.
Forgiveness in Later Life: Attributes and Consequences for Older Adults in Indian Families
(Routledge, 2025) Gyanesh Kumar Tiwari; Archana Singh; Archna Choudhary; Anurag Shukla; Amit Kumar Macorya; Ashutosh Pandey; Ajit Kumar Singh
The study explored the nature, attributes, and consequences of forgiveness for the Indian older adults living with their families. Using a qualitative research design, 12 older adults were recruited. The interview transcriptions were analyzed using the thematic analysis method. Results revealed seven themes: forgiveness as a complex process, the significance of the nature of transgressions, the relationship and role of the transgressor, the role of perceived transgressions in the apprehension of conflict, the role of small punishment in forgiveness, the significance of belongingness and good relationship, and role of isolation, withdrawal, and guilt in forgiveness. Participants expressed that forgiveness is reparative and strengthening underlying many positive intrapersonal, interpersonal, and health outcomes. Findings suggested that forgiveness can potentially explicate and uphold relationships and well-being for older adults. © 2025 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Forgiveness of Older Indian Adults Living in Shelter Homes: A Qualitative Study
(Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Association, 2025) Gyanesh Kumar Tiwari; Amit Kumar Macorya; Anurag Shukla; Archna Choudhary; Archana Singh; Ashutosh Pandey; Ajit Kumar Singh
This qualitative study examines the complexities of forgiveness among older Indian adults residing in shelter homes. Using a qualitative design, 18 older adults (10 males and 8 females) with varied educational levels (6 graduates, 10 with higher secondary education, and 2 with secondary education) were recruited through purposive sampling. They responded to semi-structured interview questions. The interviews were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim, and analysed using the thematic analysis method. The thematic analysis revealed seven key themes: the multifaceted nature of forgiveness, the role of severe transgressions, negative cognitions and lack of support, guilt and frequent negative emotional experiences, hindering behaviour patterns, fear of losing respect, and strong adherence to desirable social and religious values in guiding forgiveness practices. Serious offences require significant cognitive and emotional effort, with the nature of the relationship with the perpetrator and their intentions playing crucial roles. Emotional wounds from severe transgressions often create complex barriers to forgiveness, exacerbated by negative cognitions and inadequate support. Loneliness and perceived vulnerability further complicate forgiveness, while ingrained maladaptive behavioural patterns and the fear of losing social respect also impact forgiveness decisions. Strong adherence to social norms and religious beliefs emerged as guiding forces in navigating forgiveness. Encouraging emotional support programmes, cognitive reframing, and community engagement may foster forgiveness among institutionalised older adults. The findings offer a significant understanding of forgiveness in this unique context, emphasising the interplay of cognitive, emotional, social, and cultural factors. © 2025 The Authors. Turkish Journal of Counseling Psychology and Guidance is published by Turkish Psychological Counselling and Guidance Association. This is an article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. As the original work is properly cited, reproduction in any medium is permitted.
Understanding the nature and dynamics of self-affirmation in non-depressed and subclinically depressed Indian adults: a thematic analysis
(BioMed Central Ltd, 2025) Gyanesh Kumar Tiwari; Priyanka Parihar; Ajit Kumar Singh; Amit Kumar Macorya; Anurag Shukla; Archana Singh; Archna Choudhary; Ashutosh Pandey
Background: Self-affirmation, a crucial concept that promotes self-esteem and individual development amidst life challenges, has proven therapeutic, preventative, and enhancing benefits. However, there is limited understanding regarding its frequency among individuals experiencing subclinical depression. This research aimed to understand the dynamics of self-affirmation, threats, and self-resources in both healthy (non-depressed) and subclinically depressed Indian adults. Methods: Using a qualitative research design, forty-three individuals aged 20–30 years (18 healthy, 25 subclinically depressed individuals) were selected based on depression measurement. The data were collected through a semistructured interview. The interviews were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim and analysed using the thematic analysis method. Results: Five themes were identified for subclinically depressed: social and relational threats, the tendency to magnify threats, negative cognitions and thoughts, denial/avoidance of threats, and poor awareness of self-resources. Five themes were also identified for healthy adults: explicit awareness of threats, common humanity, early responses to threats, adversity as an opportunity and easy availability of positive cognitions. Thus, the two groups differed significantly in their type, nature, and genesis of self-affirmation. For subclinically depressed, the major threats were related to health, financial conditions, employment, and relationships. These threats were positively and adaptively present in healthy adults. The subclinically depressed participants suffered from maladaptive tendencies and insufficient self-resources, while the healthy participants used positive self-resources and positive cognitions in dealing with the threats. Conclusions: This study highlights the significant differences in self-affirmation processes between subclinically depressed and healthy adults. This finding supports the theoretical understanding that subclinical depression is associated with maladaptive cognitive patterns and a lack of self-resources. These findings underscore the importance of cognitive-behavioural frameworks that emphasize the role of positive self-affirmation and self-resources in mental health and highlight the need for targeted interventions that can strengthen these domains in subclinically depressed individuals. Therapeutic interventions for subclinical depression should focus on improving self-affirmation practices, increasing awareness of self-resources, and attenuating negative cognitive tendencies. Practitioners should consider integrating strategies that promote positive cognitions and proactive threat management. Additionally, preventative mental health programs could benefit from incorporating modules that strengthen self-affirmation and self-resource awareness of one’s resources to build resilience in the general population, particularly young adults. © The Author(s) 2024.