Browsing by Author "Amit Kumar Singh"

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A 25/28 GHz Modified π-shaped SIW-based Self-Diplexing Antenna with Low Frequency Ratio for 5G Applications
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2021) Amit Kumar; Amit Kumar Singh; Munish Kumar
In this paper, a compact substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) based self-diplexing slot antenna for 25/28 GHz fifth generation (5G) applications is presented. The SIW cavity is loaded with a 7r-shaped asymmetric slot that produce two distinct frequency bands and hence, self-diplexing antenna (SDA) characteristics with low frequency-ratio. The placement of the slot is chosen in such a way that it helps in creating weak cross-coupling path between the excitation ports. The slight modification in the slots dimensions further improves the isolation (>30 dB) in both frequency bands. The simulated peak gain and radiation efficiency in both frequency bands are 8.64 dBi, 9.54 dBi and 98.18%, 96.73%, respectively. The front-to-back ratio (FTBR) of more than 22 dB in both frequency bands is achieved. © 2021 IEEE.
A 28/38 GHz Substrate Integrated Waveguide based Self-Diplexing Slot Antenna for 5G Applications
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2021) Amit Kumar; Amit Kumar Singh; Munish Kumar
In this paper, a compact substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) based self-diplexing slot antenna for 28/38 GHz fifth generation (5G) applications is presented. The SIW cavity is loaded with three U-shaped slots that produce two distinct frequency bands and hence, self-diplexing antenna (SDA) characteristics. The placement of three different slots helps in creating weak cross-coupling path between the excitation ports. The slight modification in the slots dimensions further improves the isolation (>25 dB) in both frequency bands. The simulated peak gain and radiation efficiency in both frequency bands are 8.48 dBi, 7.64 dBi and 98.95%, 97.48%, respectively. The front-to-back ratio (FTBR) of more than 25 dB in both frequency bands is achieved. © 2021 IEEE.
A coumarin-derived multi-faceted optical material with molecular logic gate for bioimaging
(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2025) Amit Kumar Singh; Pranjalee Yadav; Aayoosh Singh; Avanish Kumar Singh; Shashi Kant Sharma; Vijay Kumar Sonkar; Vinod Prasad Singh
The development of stimuli-responsive, multi-faceted chromic materials has gained the interest of the material science community recently, owing to their vast range of applications in several areas simultaneously, such as viscosity, temperature, and pressure detectors. In this context, a coumarin-derived organic luminophore, HCFH, has been designed and extensively investigated for its characteristics, such as aggregation-induced emission (AIE), viscochromism, piezochromism, thermochromism, and distinguishable fluorometric detection of Zn2+ and Cu2+ ions in water. The emission intensity of HCFH amplifies 111-fold with the addition of water in tetrahydrofuran (THF), validating its aggregation-induced emission (AIE) nature. Multi-colored piezochromism is observed in the ‘crystalline’, ‘pristine’, and ‘ground’ forms of HCFH as non-emissive, weakly cyan-emissive, and bright green-emissive, respectively. Further, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses indicate a crystalline-to-amorphous phase transition during grinding. HCFH exhibits remarkable photophysical properties, including viscosity, polarity, and temperature-dependent emissions. The probe selectively detects Zn2+ and Cu2+ ions with limits of detection (LOD) of 1.14 and 1.54 nM, respectively, employing chelation-enhanced fluorescence (CHEF) and inhibition of photo-induced electron transfer (PET) for Zn2+ and paramagnetic fluorescence quenching for Cu2+. The Job's plots indicate 1 : 2 and 1 : 1 (M : L) binding stoichiometries for Zn2+ and Cu2+, respectively, which are confirmed by their single-crystal structures. Molecular logic gates and paper strip kits are also developed utilizing their sensing capabilities. HCFH has been found highly effective in bio-imaging of Zn2+ and Cu2+ in HeLa cells. Microscopic examination of the cells indicates that the probe is localized in both the cytosol and mitochondria of the cells. © 2025 The Royal Society of Chemistry.
A Dual Therapeutic Approach to Diabetes Mellitus via Bioactive Phytochemicals Found in a Poly Herbal Extract by Restoration of Favorable Gut Flora and Related Short-Chain Fatty Acids
(Springer, 2024) Amit Kumar Singh; Pradeep Kumar; Sunil Kumar Mishra; Vishnu D. Rajput; Kavindra Nath Tiwari; Anand Kumar Singh; Tatiana Minkina; Ajay Kumar Pandey; Prabhat Upadhyay
Diabetes mellitus (DM), a metabolic and endocrine condition, poses a serious threat to human health and longevity. The emerging role of gut microbiome associated with bioactive compounds has recently created a new hope for DM treatment. UHPLC-HRMS methods were used to identify these compounds in a poly herbal ethanolic extract (PHE). The effects of PHE on body weight (BW), fasting blood glucose (FBG) level, gut microbiota, fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production, and the correlation between DM-related indices and gut microbes, in rats were investigated. Chebulic acid (0.368%), gallic acid (0.469%), andrographolide (1.304%), berberine (6.442%), and numerous polysaccharides were the most representative constituents in PHE. A more significant BW gain and a reduction in FBG level towards normal of PHE 600 mg/kg treated rats group were resulted at the end of 28th days of the study. Moreover, the composition of the gut microbiota corroborated the study’s hypothesis, as evidenced by an increased ratio of Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes and some beneficial microbial species, including Prevotella copri and Lactobacillus hamster. The relative abundance of Bifidobacterium pseudolongum, Ruminococcus bromii, and Blautia producta was found to decline in PHE treatment groups as compared to diabetic group. The abundance of beneficial bacteria in PHE 600 mg/kg treatment group was concurrently associated with increased SCFAs concentrations of acetate and propionate (7.26 nmol/g and 4.13 nmol/g). The findings of this study suggest a promising approach to prevent DM by demonstrating that these naturally occurring compounds decreased FBG levels by increasing SCFAs content and SCFAs producing gut microbiota. Graphical Abstract: Flow chart summarizing research on the dual therapeutic approach to diabetes mellitus via bioactive chemicals found in a poly herbal extract and the management of gut microbiota in relation to DM. (SCFAs, short chain fatty acids; SMB53, a genus of bacterial microbiota of small intestine; LPS, lipopolysaccharide) (Figure presented.) © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.
A highly selective coumarin-based chemosensor for dual sensing of Cu2+ and Zn2+ ions with logic gate integration and live cell imaging
(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2024) Avanish Kumar Singh; Amit Kumar Singh; Shashi Kant Sharma; Vijay Kumar Sonkar; Vinod P. Singh
In this paper, a coumarin-based Schiff base chemosensor has been synthesized and developed to detect Cu2+ and Zn2+ ions in nanomolar concentrations. The probe selectively distinguishes Cu2+ and Zn2+ from among several metal ions in DMF : H2O (7 : 3, v/v, pH 7.4) HEPES buffer. The structure of the probe and its sensing behavior were investigated by FT-IR, UV-vis, fluorescence, HRMS, and NMR analyses, along with X-ray crystallography and computational studies. CIH detects Zn2+ and Cu2+ using different strategies: CHEF-induced fluorescence enhancement and paramagnetic fluorescence quenching, respectively. Job's plots show a 1 : 1 binding interaction between CIH and Cu2+ or Zn2+ ions. The binding constant values for Cu2+ (1.237 × 105 M−1) and Zn2+ (1.24 × 104 M−1) suggest a better ability for Cu2+ to interact with CIH than Zn2+. An extremely high sensitivity of the probe was highlighted by its very low detection limits (LOD) of 5.36 nM for Cu2+ and 3.49 nM for Zn2+. The regeneration of the probe with the addition of EDTA in its complexes allows the formation of molecular logic gates. CIH has been successfully employed in mitotracking and intracellular detection of Zn2+ and Cu2+ in SiHa cells. © 2024 The Royal Society of Chemistry.
A network pharmacology approach with experimental validation to discover protective mechanism of poly herbal extract on diabetes mellitus
(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Amit Kumar Singh; Pradeep Kumar; Sunil Kumar Mishra; KavindraNath Tiwari; Anand Kumar Singh; Ajay Kumar Pandey; Ali A. Shati; Mohammad Y. Alfaifi; SeragEldin I. Elbehairi; R.Z. Sayyed
Objective: Polyherbal extracts (PHE) contain six traditional medicinal plants, and the efficacy of the medicinal plants used in the preparation of this PHE has been confirmed for the treatment of diseases like diabetes mellitus (DM). The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and therapeutic mechanism of PHE through a network pharmacology approach to reveal the protective mechanism of Alpha-Tocospiro A (ATA) present in PHE on DM with experimental validation. Methods: In this study, Lipinski's rule (Swiss ADME) and drug-likeness score (MolSoft's) web pages were used to confirm the drug-likeness of identified constituents in PHE. Swiss Target Prediction (STP) genes were found for ATA-related genes. The DisGeNet database was used to screen genes associated with DM. String created a network diagram of the interactions between the ATA and DM genes. Top-scoring genes from the string network through CytoNCA plugged into Cytoscape 3.8.2 were selected as hub genes. In addition, the ShinyGO database is used to predict GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses. Results: A total of 675 and 105 therapeutic genes (STP) were associated with all bioactive compounds and ATA in the PHE screen, respectively. Additionally, a maximum of 2,803 DM-related genes (DisGeNet) were observed. Further, in the analysis, 331, 57 potential (intersecting) genes were identified in the correlation between the target genes of all compounds and ATA, respectively, of PHE and the target genes of DM. The identified hub gene “TNF” for both ATA and PHE was found to be precisely strengthened in 49 pathways, along with 14 signaling pathways out of more than 100 enriched KEGG pathways. This study predicted that ATA activates PI3K/Akt and MAPK pathways enriched with TNF by phosphorylating the insulin receptor (IR) β-subunit. The anti-diabetic activity of PHE was found to be good and primarily confirmed by in vitro α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition activity. Conclusion: The anti-diabetic activity of PHE was found to be effective and was confirmed by the enzyme inhibition activity in the primary study. This study predicted that ATA is a novel drug molecule in PHE that has a targeted mechanism of action and therapeutic effect on DM. © 2024 The Author(s)
A novel method for automatic retinal detachment detection and estimation using ocular ultrasound image
(Springer, 2020) Rajeev Gupta; Vishal Gupta; Basant Kumar; Pramod Kumar Singh; Amit Kumar Singh
This paper presents a novel method for automated detection of retinal detachment from ocular ultrasound image using digital image processing and computational techniques. Retinal detachment (RD) is an ocular emergency in which retina gets detached from the tissues lying underneath it and often requires immediate intervention to prevent rapid, irreversible vision loss. Direct fundoscopy and visual field testing are most common methods for the detection of RD. These methods are difficult to perform and they do not completely rule out retinal detachment. Generally, Ophthalmologists use ocular ultrasound to enhance their clinical acumen in detecting RD. Sometimes it is difficult to extract diagnostic features from ultrasound (USG) images due to its poor quality. Also, noise present in the image would cause misinterpretation during visual inspection;this demands development of intelligent and automated techniques for detection of retinal detachment. Further, the paper proposes a novel frame work for accurate and automatic retinal detachment using image processing techniques and mathematical analysis of detached area contour detected within the ocular globe. Furthermore, the estimation of diagnostic parameters, indicative of retinal detachment is also computed. Based on the mathematical analysis, three such parameters, percentage area of detached retina (PADR) compared to the ocular globe, angular width of detachment (α) and maximum radial distance of detachment to choroid layer beneath it (β), are calculated. These estimated parameters are very useful in determining the exact location and extent of retinal detachment. Results obtained through the proposed retinal detachment detection scheme are validated by the radiologist. © 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
A Stimuli Responsive Multifunctional Smart Luminophore with Aggregation-Induced Enhanced Emission
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2025) Aayoosh Singh; Amit Kumar Singh; Pranjalee Yadav; Avanish Kumar Singh; Pradeep Kumar; Saripella Srikrishna; Vinod Prasad Singh
The development of multifunctional luminophores with tunable and stimuli-responsive optical properties is critical for the advancement of sensing, bioimaging, and optoelectronic technologies. Herein, a novel coumarin-based smart luminogen, (E)-N'-(1-(7-(diethylamino)-2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl)ethylidene)thiophene-2-carbohydrazide (ETH) is developed that exhibits pronounced multistimuli responsive behavior including aggregation-induced enhanced emission (AIEE), solvatochromism, viscochromism, reversible mechanochromism, and acidochromism. ETH shows solid-state fluorescence modulation on applying mechanical stress and exposing in acid/base vapor, with reversible redshifted emission. The ETH coated paper enables its practical applications in pressure-sensitive devices and portable acid vapor detection kits. In a mixed CH3CN–H2O system, ETH functions as a solvent-controlled dual-mode fluorescent probe, showing a turn-on response to Zn2+ and a turn-off response to Cu2+ with high sensitivity. Job's plot revealed 2:1 ligand-to-metal stoichiometry for Zn2+ and 1:1 for Cu2+. The fluorescent aggregates of ETH enable selective detection of Cu2+ through a disaggregation-induced fluorescence quenching mechanism. A portable cotton-swab-based test kit is developed for practical and on-site detection of Cu2+. ETH demonstrates excellent biocompatibility, as predicted by in vivo fluorescence imaging in Drosophila larval gut tissues. The combination of reversible optical switching, high fluorescence quantum yield and structural adaptability establish ETH as a novel multifunctional material for sensing, live-cell imaging, and smart optoelectronic devices. © 2025 Wiley-VCH GmbH.
An introduction to nanopriming for sustainable agriculture
(IGI Global, 2023) Shreni Agrawal; Richa Das; Shivangee Solanki; Simran Choudhury; Indrani Bhattacharya; Pradeep Kumar; Amit Kumar Singh; Sunil Kumar Mishra; Kavindra Nath Tiwari
Plant seeds are of paramount importance in the agricultural sector as well as plant life cycle, and are being severely threatened by environmental changes such as biotic and abiotic stress, resource deficiency, climate fluctuation, etc. Cue, nano¬priming, a nascent yet innovative approach to seed technology, combining versatility of nanoparticles and engineered nanomaterials with 'seed-priming' to induce adaptive physiological changes, thus, improving seed quality and crop yield. This study reported mechanisms by which nano-priming synchronizes seed germination, breaks seed dormancy, boosts seed vigor, increases tolerance to periodic stress conditions, assists phyto-microbiota to thrive under environmental uncertainties, creates nanopores in shoots along with upregulation of aquaporin genes for better water uptake, and other reported changes at molecular, biochemical level. Withal, this study offers insight on the future of nano-priming when blended with cutting- edge technologies like cold plasma, artificial intelligence, and digital analysis to revolutionize the agrarian sector. © 2023, IGI Global. All rights reserved.
Antitumor potential of ivermectin against T-cell lymphoma-bearing hosts
(Springer, 2025) Alok Shukla; Arpit Sharma; Shivani Gupta; Abha Mishra; Amit Kumar Singh
Ivermectin, a broad-spectrum antiparasitic agent from the ivermectin family, has shown promising anticancer potential. Originally developed for veterinary and human use against parasitic infections, ivermectin demonstrated significant antitumor effects in our study against tumor cells (Dalton’s lymphoma cells). A dose-dependent decrease in tumor cell viability was observed following 24-h treatment with ivermectin, with an IC₅₀ value calculated at 10.55 µg/mL. In comparison, the standard anticancer drug cisplatin exhibited a slightly higher cytotoxic potency, with an IC₅₀ of 8.32 µg/mL under the same treatment duration. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that ivermectin induced cell cycle arrest in the G0–G1 phase. Apoptotic tumor cell death was confirmed via Annexin V/PI staining, further supported by nuclear condensation, a hallmark of apoptosis, visualized through both confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. The apoptosis was determined to be mitochondrial-dependent, as evidenced by a decline in mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) observed through JC-1 assay. The treatment increased DAPI-positive cells and exhibited severe chromatin condensation. Additionally, cell death was validated using Acridine Orange and Propidium Iodide staining, which highlighted increased cell membrane rupture and death through apoptosis and necrosis. Mitochondrial dependent apoptosis further supported by increased ROS production upon ivermectin treatment. Moreover, In vivo, ivermectin treatment led to a substantial reduction in tumor size in tumor-bearing mice, along with normalization of spleen size, body weight, and improvement histopathology of liver. These findings collectively support the therapeutic potential of ivermectin as a repurposed anticancer agent, acting through multiple mechanisms including cell cycle arrest, ROS generation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.
Application of a new accelerated algorithm to regression problems
(Springer, 2020) Avinash Dixit; D.R. Sahu; Amit Kumar Singh; T. Som
Many iterative algorithms like Picard, Mann, Ishikawa are very useful to solve fixed point problems of nonlinear operators in real Hilbert spaces. The recent trend is to enhance their convergence rate abruptly by using inertial terms. The purpose of this paper is to investigate a new inertial iterative algorithm for finding the fixed points of nonexpansive operators in the framework of Hilbert spaces. We study the weak convergence of the proposed algorithm under mild assumptions. We apply our algorithm to design a new accelerated proximal gradient method. This new proximal gradient technique is applied to regression problems. Numerical experiments have been conducted for regression problems with several publicly available high-dimensional datasets and compare the proposed algorithm with already existing algorithms on the basis of their performance for accuracy and objective function values. Results show that the performance of our proposed algorithm overreaches the other algorithms, while keeping the iteration parameters unchanged. © 2019, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
Application of Nano-Biochar to Improve Soil Quality and Sustainability
(Apple Academic Press, 2025) Shreni Agrawal; Pradeep Harish Kumar; Richa Das; Amit Kumar Singh; Praveen Kumar Shukla; Pooja Verma; Vishnu D. Rajput; Indrani Bhattacharya; Sunil Kumar Mishra; Kavindra Nath Tiwari
The Green Revolution has been beneficial in promoting the growth of human civilization, but it has also degraded the soil, destroyed biodiversity, and accelerated climate change. Advanced nanomaterials, including nano-biochar, have provided prolonged solutions for a wide range of current challenges. Nano-biochar is a specialized form of biochar with a structural size on the nanometer scale featuring better morphological and physiochemical properties. Nano-BC application improves soil qualities, making it better suited for plant growth and development. By enhancing soil porosity, resistivity, and water-holding capacities—all crucial for sustaining soil activity—Nano-BC offers an ideal soil habitat for bacteria. Biomass is pyrolyzed to produce the bulk parent biochar, which is then mechanically processed using various milling methods to generate nano-biochar. Different types of nano-biochar, such as biochar nanocomposites, magnetic nano-biochar, functional nanoparticles coated nano-biochar, and colloidal biochar, have greater environmental applications than normal biochar, such as improving plant growth, removing pesticides from soil, adding fertilizer, microbial growth, and managing disease. A large surface area, high degree of crystallinity, high nutritional quality, and good chemical group concentrations are a few of the distinctive characteristics of nano-biochar. The features of biochar basically depend on biomaterials that were utilized and the pyrolysis circumstances, with its distinctiveness resting on its large specific surface area and a constant source of carbon, which predispose to superior crop responses and soil health. These chapters discuss the production, types, and various applications of nano-biochar, as well as their significant contributions to agriculture, particularly in soil development. © 2025 by Apple Academic Press, Inc.
Applications of a variable anchoring iterative method to equation and inclusion problems on Hadamard manifolds
(Elsevier B.V., 2024) D.R. Sahu; Ariana Pitea; Shikher Sharma; Amit Kumar Singh
In this paper, we introduce a new iterative technique with a variable anchoring operator for reckoning the solution of a variational inequality problem over the set of the common fixed points of a nearly nonexpansive sequence of operators in the framework of Hadamard manifolds. We also establish a convergence result on the proposed algorithm for approximating a solution of the problem, under suitable assumptions. We apply our results for finding the solutions of a system of nonlinear equations, and of inclusion problems to support their utility. Our work improves results in the recent literature. Numerical simulations are given for a better understanding of the effectiveness of our outcomes. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.
Appraisal on accumulation of nanoenabled agrochemicals in plants with subsequent morphophysiological implications
(Elsevier, 2024) Pradeep Kumar; Kajal Singh; Amit Kumar Singh; Nancy Singh; Sakshi Singh; Vishnu D. Rajput; Tatiana Minkina; Sunil Kumar Mishra; Kavindra Nath Tiwari
The use of agricultural goods that are nanoenabled with nanotechnology, including nanoemulsions, nanoherbicides, nanofertilizers, and nanopesticides, to enhance the efficacy of agrochemical distribution to crop plants has become a more practical option. Many experiments have shown that the use of nanoagrochemicals has the efficacy of lowering the negative effects of chemical-derived fertilizer on the natural environment, in addition to significantly boosting crop yield. Still, new evidence suggests that goods made using nanotechnology not only have the ability to boost agricultural productivity but also bring about changes to the condition of the crop. There have been reports of variations in the amount of carbohydrates, amino acids, and starch present, in addition to the necessary metals. The levels of verbi gratia, albumin, globulin, and prolamin have dramatically increased in rice that has been subjected to CeO2-engineered nanoparticles (ENPs), whereas the levels of calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus have risen in different crops that received treatments treated with CeO2, CuO, and ZnO ENPs. On the other hand, researchers found that Mo and Ni levels dropped in both cucumbers and kidney beans after they were treated with synthetic nanoparticles made of CeO2 and ZnO, respectively. However, brief studies on the particular effects of nanoenabled agrochemical in agricultural area have been disscussed. © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Artificial Intelligence-Based Model for Predicting the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of Antibacterial Peptides Against ESKAPEE Pathogens
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2024) Ritesh Sharma; Sameer Shrivastava; Sanjay Kumar Singh; Abhinav Kumar; Amit Kumar Singh; Sonal Saxena
In response to environmental threats, pathogens make several changes in their genome, leading to antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Due to AMR, the pathogens do not respond to antibiotics. Amongst drug-resistant pathogens, the ESKAPEE group of bacteria poses a major threat to humans, and therefore World Health Organization has given them the highest priority status. Antibacterial peptides (ABPs) are a family of peptides found in nature that play a crucial role in the innate immune systems of organisms. These ABPs offer several advantages over widely used antibiotics. As a result, they have recently received a lot of attention as potential replacements for currently available antibiotics. But it is expensive and time-consuming to identify ABPs from natural sources. Thus, wet lab researchers employ various tools to screen promising ABPs rapidly. However, the main limitation of the existing tools is that they do not provide the minimum inhibitory concentration values against the ESKAPEE pathogens for the identified ABP. To address this, in the current work, we developed ESKAPEE-MICpred, a two-input model that utilizes transfer learning and ensemble learning techniques. The concept of ensemble learning was realized by combining the decisions provided by deep learning algorithms, whereas the concept of transfer learning was realized by utilizing pretrained amino acid embeddings. The proposed model has been deployed as a web server at https://eskapee-micpred.anvil.app/ to aid the scientific community. © 2013 IEEE.
Berberine's antihyperglycemic effects via modulation of pancreatic ferroptosis and the CDC42-AR/PTGS2/ESR1 signaling pathway: A genomic and network pharmacology approach
(Elsevier B.V., 2025) Amit Kumar Singh; Pradeep Harish Kumar; Manjeet Kumar Sah Gond; Sunil Kumar Mishra; Kavindra Nath Tiwari; Anand Kumar Singh
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a prevalent metabolic disorder. The increase in lethality associated with ferroptosis, a novel form of programmed cell death in pancreatic tissues at the molecular level, arises from the accumulation of reactive molecules, such as oxygen species, generated through lipid metabolism, which is linked to the cells' reduced capacity to manage oxidative stress. Recent studies have highlighted that ferroptosis plays a crucial role in the onset, progression, and development of DM and its various complications. A thorough understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing iron metabolism and its contribution to ferroptosis in DM could enhance disease management strategies. To address this, a bioinformatics approach was employed to investigate the antidiabetic potential of key target genes, including CDC42, AR, PTGS2, and ESR1, using a polyherbal extract (PHE) enriched with berberine (BBR), offering a novel perspective in DM treatment. Findings revealed that BBR (constituting 6.442 % in PHE and 0.399 % in Berberis aristata) was identified at retention times of 7.14 in PHE and 6.80 in BA, respectively, as the most significant compound in the positive mode of HR-MS analysis. The antihyperglycemic effect of PHE resulted in a notable decrease in fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels within 30 min of glucose loading in different experimental rat groups. The outcomes suggest that the target genes CDC42 and AR/PTGS2/ESR1 could be downregulated by BBR-enriched PHE, potentially modulating pancreatic ferroptosis in DM. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.
Biochar enhances carbon stability and regulates greenhouse gas flux under crop production systems
(Elsevier, 2024) Anamika Barman; Anurag Bera; Priyanka Saha; Saptaparnee Dey; Suman Sen; Ram Swaroop Meena; Shiv Vendra Singh; Amit Kumar Singh
Soil carbon is crucial for food security, ecosystem functioning, greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation, and environmental sustainability in extreme climate vulnerabilities. The GHG emissions usually rise along with agronomic practices, anthropogenic activities, paddy cultivation, fertilizer use, and livestock. In this context, biochar, a rich carbon source, produced by the process of pyrolysis of biomass, is a stable form of carbon that enhances soil organic carbon sequestration. Due to the presence of carbon in an aromatic state, biochar is critical for carbon sequestration and resistant to microbial decomposition. Recently, surplus biomass or crop residues from various production systems have gained a lot of attention due to their serious implications for environmental sustainability. Instead of increasing ecological pollution by burning, surplus crop residues from various agricultural production systems can be converted to biochar by pyrolysis, which offers safe and sustainable disposal of excess crop residues of crop production systems along with GHG mitigation co-benefits. Thus, biochar application may provide a long-term solution to combating climate change with other benefits. However, there is limited knowledge available about the effect of biochar application on carbon stability and GHG emissions fluxes under crop production systems. © 2024 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.
Biosynthesis of biomolecules from saffron as an industrial crop and their regulation, with emphasis on the chemistry, extraction methods, identification techniques, and potential applications in human health and food: A critical comprehensive review
(Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Vishal Gupta; Gayatri Jamwal; Gyanendra Kumar Rai; Sushil Kumar Gupta; Rakesh Mohan Shukla; Basant Kumar Dadrwal; Pawan Prabhakar; Soubhagya Tripathy; Sudhir K. Rajpoot; Amit Kumar Singh; Deepak Kumar Verma; Gemilang Lara Utama; Mónica L. Chávez González; Cristobal N. Aguilar
The dried stigmas of Crocus sativus, known as “Red Gold,” are highly prized for their nutritional and medicinal qualities. These qualities are due to the presence of apocarotenoids such as crocin, crocetin, safranal, and picrocrocin. The concentrations of biomolecules in saffron play a crucial role in determining its quality and commercial value. Ensuring the purity of saffron biomolecules is crucial for their pharmaceutical and food applications, given their significant potential in these fields. Enhancing cultivation practices and harnessing biosynthesis pathways through genetic engineering are widely used methods to boost the production of saffron biomolecules. Nevertheless, achieving optimal purity and output from the final products necessitates the implementation of efficient extraction methods. Additionally, employing effective identification methods is crucial for attaining accuracy in estimating the quality and quantity of these biomolecules. Hence, understanding the biosynthesis, extraction, and identification methods of saffron biomolecules, along with their significant role in human health and food, holds great importance. There is a need for extensive research to enhance the quality of components used in the food and pharmaceutical industries, surpassing the current studies. Thus, this review provides an overview of saffron biomolecules, including crocin, crocetin, safranal, and picrocrocin, along with their properties, biosynthesis, and regulation. Furthermore, the paper delves into the various aspects of saffron biomolecules, including sample preparation, extraction, identification, and quantification. In addition, the paper highlighted the possible health advantages and food uses of saffron biomolecules, as well as detailed information on the role of artificial intelligence have been discussed as a cutting-edge tool for studying various aspects of saffron biomolecules. Furthermore, the study has emphasized the future potential and opportunities for further research on saffron and its biomolecules, which can pique the interest of researchers, scientists, and industrial people seeking new and innovative opportunities. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd
Carbazole-quinoline based ultrasensitive fluorometric sensor for detection of Hg2+ in aqueous medium: Crystal structure, DFT and real sample application
(Elsevier B.V., 2025) Avanish Kumar Singh; Aayoosh Singh; Pranjalee Yadav; Amit Kumar Singh; Vinod Prasad Singh
A novel carbazole-quinoline tagged fluorophore, (E)-9-ethyl-3-((2-(quinolin-2-yl)hydrazineylidene)methyl)-9H-carbazole (QHC), has been synthesized with an excellent yield using the simple one-pot synthesis and its molecular structure is determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction, FT-IR, NMR and mass spectroscopic techniques. QHC has been developed as an ultrasensitive fluorometric sensor for detection of Hg2+ in the presence of competing metal ions in aqueous medium. It exhibited remarkable sensitivity and selectivity towards Hg2+ with limit of detection (LOD) of 2.59 × 10−8 M and a remarkable Stern-Volmer constant (Ksv) of 1.17 × 105 M−1. The Job's plot displayed 1:1 stoichiometry between QHC and Hg2+, with a binding constant (Ka) of 1.01 × 105 M−1. The binding mechanism has been demonstrated by FT-IR, mass spectrometry, 1H NMR titration and density functional theory (DFT) analysis. Upon interaction with Hg2+, the photo-induced electron transfer (PET) from quinoline-carbazole framework to Hg2+ is activated, thereby, completely quenching the fluorescence. The practical applicability of QHC was demonstrated through the development of test kits. Additionally, QHC was successfully employed to detect Hg2+ ions in real water samples, including lake water and Ganga river water, showing its significance in environmental monitoring. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.
Chlorogenic acid, a dietary phenolic acid ameliorates hepatorenal injury in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats through regulation of oxidative stress and inflammation
(Elsevier Ltd, 2025) Amit Kumar Singh; Harvesh Kumar Rana; Rohit Sharma; Abhay K. Pandey
Diabetes is commonly associated with oxidative stress, a factor believed to contribute in its development and progression. Chlorogenic acid (CGA), a phenolic compound found in coffee and other food sources has been shown to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties by scavenging free radicals. In the present study, CGA was assessed for its ability to reduce oxidative stress in the liver and kidney, as well as serum inflammatory response in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. STZ (50 mg/kg)was administered intraperitoneally to male albino Wistar rats to induce experimental diabetes and were divided into five groups (n = 5); control, diabetic control, diabetic/metformin-treated, diabetic/CGA (100 and 150 mg/kg) treated. Diabetic rats showed significant elevation in pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IFN-γ) and decreased concentration of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. They also had reduced activity of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and reduced glutathione (GSH), as well as increased levels of peroxidation marker in their liver and kidney tissues when compared to control rats. Oral administration of CGA (100 and 150 mg) for 28 days markedly (p < 0.05) improved all of these inflammatory and oxidative stress parameters in diabetic rats. These findings were further corroborated through histopathological examination of hepatic and renal tissues. The observed results indicate that CGApossess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory property, as evidenced by reduction in redox imbalance, inflammation and lipid peroxidation to near normal, thus offering protection to the liver and kidneys tissues from damage inflicted due to oxidative stress and inflammation in diabetic rats. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd