Browsing by Author "Amit Rastogi"

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Biomechanical analysis of distal femoral fracture fixation: dynamic condylar screw versus locked compression plate
(Springer Tokyo, 2014) Nidhi Narsaria; Ashutosh K. Singh; Amit Rastogi; Vakil Singh
Background: This human cadaveric study introduces a laboratory model to establish and compare the fixation stability of the distal femoral locking plate (DFLP) and dynamic condylar screw (DCS) in distal femoral fracture fixation.; Materials and methods: The study was conducted on 16 fresh cadaveric femoral specimens, 8 implanted with the DCS and the other 8 with the DFLP. The construct was made unstable by removing a standard-sized medial wedge with a 1-cm base (gap osteotomy) beginning 6 cm proximal to the lateral joint line in the distal metaphyseal region with loss of the medial buttress. Each specimen underwent axial and torsional stiffness testing along with cyclic axial loading to failure. The mean DEXA value for the DFLP group was 0.82 g/cm2 and in the DCS group was 0.79 g/cm2.; Results: Axial stiffness in the DFLP group was significantly higher than in the DCS group, but no significant difference was found in torsional stiffness between the groups. A significant difference was found in the load-to-failure results between the groups. Plastic and total deformation was significantly higher in constructs in the DCS group than in those in the DFLP group. Total energy absorbed before construct failure was also significantly higher in the DFLP group than in the DCS group.; Conclusions: The DFLP construct proved stronger than the DCS in both axial stiffness and cyclic loading, but similar in torsional stiffness in biomechanical testing in a simulated A3 distal femoral fracture. © 2014, The Japanese Orthopaedic Association.
Childhood obesity: Contributing factors and consequences in Indian children
(2007) S.K. Singh; Dheeraj Kapoor; Rakesh Goyal; Amit Rastogi; Sushil Kumar; O.P. Mishra
Introduction: Childhood obesity is a risk factor for adult morbidity and mortality, independent of body mass index (BMI) in adulthood, family history of cardiovascular disease or cancer, and smoking. The present study was designed with the objectives to study contributing factors of childhood obesity and its metabolic consequences. Material and methods: Forty-nine obese and 13 normal children in the age range of 5-12 years were recruited. Subjects with hypothyroidism, Cushing's syndrome and any other disease contributing to endogenous obesity were excluded. Weight and height were recorded and BMI was calculated (weight in kg divided by square of height in meters). Children with weight above 90th percentile for age and sex and BMI > 28.5 or >95th percentile for that age were defined as obese. After an overnight fast (10-12 h) blood was drawn for the determination of plasma glucose, serum insulin, lipid profile and free fatty acids. Observations: The calorie intake in obese children was significantly higher than controls and fatty meal contributed significantly to high calorie intake. Obese children indulged less in outdoor activities than controls. Liver enzymes were significantly higher in the study group. The levels of hepatic enzymes were raised above normal in 26 (53.06%) children. Total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol were higher in the study group, but only the LDL values reached statistical significance. Fasting plasma glucose in the study and control groups were 75.25 ± 13.57 and 66.07 ± 9.52 mg/dL respectively and it was significantly higher in the study group (p = 0.009). Fasting insulin and fasting free fatty acid levels in study group were 31.66 ± 17.58 μU/mL and 379.35 ± 148.00 μmol/L and in control group were 8.6 ± 4.98 μU/mL and 263.84 ± 71.00 μmol/L respectively hence both are significantly higher in the obese children. The mean insulin glucose ratio in the study group was 0.41 ± 11.20. Sixteen (32.65%) children had values of more than 0.4, suggesting insulin resistance but none of the control group had insulin glucose ratio above this level. Insulin free fatty acid ratio was also higher in the study group 8.58 ± 6.34 than control group 3.10 ± 1.19. The mean HOMA-R in the study group and control group were 6.08 ± 3.83 and 1.37 ± 0.73 respectively indicating significant insulin resistance in the obese children. Conclusion: The environment influence like increased calorie intake and decreased physical activity are major determinants of childhood obesity. The biochemical consequences of childhood obesity are hyperinsulinemia, increased LDL, FFA levels and increased hepatic transaminases. The triglycerides, HDL, fasting hyperglycemia and hypertension do not seem to have association with metabolic syndrome in children as seen in adults. Therefore it is proposed that the diagnostic parameters of metabolic syndrome should be redefined in children with population-based values of these new biochemical parameters. © 2007 Diabetes India.
Comparison of cutout resistance of dynamic condylar screw and proximal femoral nail in reverse oblique trochanteric fractures: A biomechanical study
(2012) Gursimrat Singh Cheema; Amit Rastogi; Vakil Singh; Satish Chandra Goel; Diwakar Mishra; Sumit Arora
Background: Reverse oblique trochanteric fracture of femur is a distinct fracture pattern. 95° Dynamic condylar screw (DCS) and proximal femoral nail (PFN) are currently the most commonly used implants for its fixation. This study aims to biomechanically compare the cutout resistance as well as modes of failure of DCS and PFN in reverse oblique trochanteric fractures. Materials and Methods: Sixteen freshly harvested cadaveric proximal femoral specimens were randomly assigned to three mean bone mineral density matched groups, eight of which were implanted with 95 DCS and the other eight with PFN. The constructs were made unstable to resemble a reverse oblique trochanteric fracture by removing a standard size posteromedial wedge. These constructs were subjected to computer controlled cyclic compressive loading with 200 kg at a frequency of 1 cycle/second (1 Hz) and end points of both the groups were analyzed. Results: The bending moment of the PFN group was approximately 50% less than that of the DCS group (P<0.0001). The PFN group resisted more number of cycles than the DCS group (P=0.03) and showed lesser number of component failures as compared with the DCS group (P=0.003). Conclusions: The PFN is biomechanically superior to DCS for the fixation of reverse oblique trochanteric fractures of femur.
Design and evaluation of chitosan/chondroitin sulfate/nano-bioglass based composite scaffold for bone tissue engineering
(Elsevier B.V., 2019) Bhisham Narayan Singh; Vivek Veeresh; Sarada Prasanna Mallick; Yogesh Jain; Shivam Sinha; Amit Rastogi; Pradeep Srivastava
Chitosan, a natural biopolymer with osteoconductive properties is widely investigated to generate scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications. However, chitosan based scaffolds lacks in mechanical strength and structural stability in hydrated condition and thereby limits its application for bone tissue regeneration. Thus in the present study, to overcome the limitations associated with chitosan based scaffolds, we fabricated polyelectrolyte complexation mediated composite scaffold of chitosan and chondroitin sulfate incorporated with nano-sized bioglass. Developed scaffolds were successfully characterized for various morphological, physico-chemical, mechanical and apatite forming properties using XRD, FT-IR, FE-SEM and TEM. It was observed that polyelectrolyte complexation followed by incorporation of bioglass significantly enhances mechanical strength, reduces excessive swelling behavior and enhances structural stability of the scaffold in hydrated condition. Also, in-vitro cell adhesion, spreading, viability and cytotoxity were investigated to evaluate the cell supportive properties of the developed scaffolds. Furthermore, alkaline phosphatase activity, biomineralization and collagen type I expression were observed to be significantly higher over the composite scaffold indicating its superior osteogenic potential. More importantly, in-vivo iliac crest bone defect study revealed that implanted composite scaffold facilitate tissue regeneration and integration with native bone tissue. Thus, developed composite scaffold might be a suitable biomaterial for bone tissue engineering applications. © 2019
Design and evaluation of chitosan/poly(L-lactide)/pectin based composite scaffolds for cartilage tissue regeneration
(Elsevier B.V., 2018) Sarada Prasanna Mallick; Bhisham Narayan Singh; Amit Rastogi; Pradeep Srivastava
Poor regenerative potential of cartilage tissue due to the avascular nature and lack of supplementation of reparative cells impose an important challenge in recent medical practice towards development of artificial extracellular matrix with enhanced neo-cartilage tissue regeneration potential. Chitosan (CH), poly (L-lactide) (PLLA), and pectin (PC) compositions were tailored to generate polyelectrolyte complex based porous scaffolds using freeze drying method and crosslinked by 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC), N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) solution containing chondroitin sulfate (CS) to mimic the composition as well as architecture of the cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM). The physical, chemical, thermal, and mechanical behaviors of developed scaffolds were done. The scaffolds were porous with homogeneous pore structure with pore size 49–170 μm and porosities in the range of 79 to 84%. Fourier transform infrared study confirmed the presence of polymers (CH, PLLA and PC) within the scaffolds. The crystallinity of the scaffold was examined by the X-ray diffraction studies. Furthermore, scaffold shows suitable swelling property, moderate biodegradation and hemocompatibility in nature and possess suitable mechanical strength for cartilage tissue regeneration. MTT assay, GAG content, and attachment of chondrocyte confirmed the regenerative potential of the cell seeded scaffold. The histopathological analysis defines the suitability of scaffold for cartilage tissue regeneration. © 2018
Effect of loading on occurrence of vertebral body changes in field hockey players
(Reed Elsevier India Pvt. Ltd., 2017) Mansoorehossadat Rozan; Vahid Rouhollahi; Dilip Kumar Dureha; Amit Rastogi
Introduction The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of loading on the deformation of the vertebral body of the lumbar vertebrae (L1-L5), which are subjected to considerable stress in field hockey players. Methods Relevant geometric variables measured by magnetic resonance imaging were compared between two groups of field hockey players. A total of 24 male field hockey players were enrolled in the study. The study participants were assigned to one of two groups, based on their experience with playing hockey: under 5 years, junior group; over 5 years, senior group. Several geometric variables relevant to physical activity-specific stress were measured: lumbar body index, compression deformity ratio, biconcave deformity ratio, and anterior wedge deformity ratio. Results The results indicated a significant difference between the two groups with respect to the compression deformity ratio at three levels (L1, L2, and L4), and to the Lumbar body Index at two levels (L1, L2). Discussion Our data suggest that the mechanical loading on lower spine plays an important role in the development of degenerative changes of the vertebral body, which may be considered a risk factor for future injury and low back pain in hockey players. © 2017 Anatomical Society of India
Evaluation of poly(L-lactide) and chitosan composite scaffolds for cartilage tissue regeneration
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2016) Sarada Prasanna Mallick; Kunal Pal; Amit Rastogi; Pradeep Srivastava
The present study delineates the development of chitosan and poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) scaffolds cross-linked using a mixture of 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC), n-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), and chondroitin sulfate (CS) for cartilage tissue engineering applications. Chitosan and PLLA were varied in concentration for developing scaffolds and prepared by freeze-drying method. The various scaffolds were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), porosity by mercury intrusion porosimeter, and the molecular interactions among polymers using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to predict the thermal properties of the scaffolds. The mechanical properties of the scaffolds were studied using static mechanical tester. The ability of the scaffolds to support chondrocyte proliferation was also studied. The microscopy suggests that the pore size of the scaffolds varied with the composition in the range of 38-172 m and the porosities in the range of 73-93%. The XRD and the FTIR studies suggested that an alternation in the composition of the scaffolds altered the molecular interactions among the scaffold components. An increase in the chitosan content enhanced the swelling property. The degradation of the scaffolds was least when the proportion of chitosan and PLLA was in the ratio of 70:30. The in vitro cell proliferation study suggested that the developed scaffolds were able to support chondrogenesis, the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content of the mature chondrocyte was 40 g/ml and the viability was approximately 90%. Hence, the so designed scaffolds may be tried for cartilage tissue engineering applications. © 2016 Taylor & Francis.
Fixation of posterior tibial plateau fracture with additional posterior plating improves early rehabilitation and patient satisfaction
(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2019) Shivam Sinha; Mahipat Singh; Shyam Saraf; Amit Rastogi; Alok Rai; Tej Singh
Introduction: Posterior tibial plateau fractures (PTPF) are difficult to manage because of options of multiple approaches, paucity of implants, and lack of ideal construct for fixation. We investigated the benefits of using posterior approach and buttress plate for fixation of the posterior tibial condylar fractures in terms of the fracture healing rate, clinico-radiological, perioperative morbidity, and patient-related outcomes and compared them in those who achieved acceptable reduction without posterior stabilization. Patients and Methods: Seventy two patients with posterior tibial plateau fractures were prospectively followed after random allocation into two Groups A and B. Thirty eight patients of Group A (dual plating) were managed with stabilization of posterior fragment with Lobenhoffer approach in addition to anterolateral plating. Thirty four patients of Group B (single plate) were managed with isolated anterolateral plating after reducing the PTPF. Twelve patients lost to follow-up and sixty patients were available (thirty in either group) for final assessment. Followup was done by clinical examination, radiographs and computed tomography scan, fracture union, articular continuity, and deformities around the knee. Subjective outcome assessment was done with the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) 2000 and Knee Society Score (KSS). Results: At 1-year followup, the two groups did not differ in time of fracture union. IKDC and KSS were significantly better in dual-plating group (P < 0.001). Mean operative time and blood loss were more in dual-plating group (A). The mean hospital stay and complications did not show significant differences. Conclusion: Addition of posterior approach for stabilization of the posterior fragment in posterior tibial plateau fractures achieves early and improved knee functions, good range of movements, minimal deformities, and pain scores by the time fracture unites. However, peri-operative morbidity, Extra implant costs and increased operative time are its disadvantages. © 2019 Indian Journal of Orthopaedics.
Generation of hybrid tissue engineered construct through embedding autologous chondrocyte loaded platelet rich plasma/alginate based hydrogel in porous scaffold for cartilage regeneration
(Elsevier B.V., 2022) Bhisham Narayan Singh; Arulkumar Nallakumarasamy; Shivam Sinha; Amit Rastogi; Sarada Prasanna Mallick; Singh Divakar; Pradeep Srivastava
Over the past decades, various attempts have been made to develop suitable tissue-engineered constructs to repair or regenerate the damaged or diseased articular cartilage. In the present study, we embedded Platelet rich plasma (PRP)/Sodium Alginate (SA) based hydrogel in porous 3D scaffold of chitosan (CH)/chondroitin sulfate (CS)/silk fibroin (SF) to develop hybrid scaffold for cartilage tissue construct generation with abilities to support shape recovery potential, facilitate uniform cells distribution and mimic gel like cartilage tissue extracellular matrix.The developed hybrid matrix shows suitable pore size (55–261 μm), porosity (77 ± 4.3%) and compressive strength (0.13 ± 0.04 MPa) for cartilage tissue construct generation and its applications. The developed SA/PRP-based cartilage construct exhibits higher metabolic activity, glycosaminoglycan deposition, expression of collagen type II, and aggrecan in comparison to SA based cell-scaffold construct. In-vivo animal study was also performed to investigate the biocompatibility and cartilage tissue regeneration potential of the developed construct. The obtained gross analysis of knee sample, micro-computed tomography, and histological analysis suggest that implanted tissue construct possess the superior potential to regenerate hyaline cartilage defect of thickness around 1.10 ± 0.36 mm and integrate with surrounding tissue at the defect site. Thus, the proposed strategy for the development of cartilage tissue constructs might be beneficial for the repair of full-thickness knee articular cartilage defects. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.
Generation of scaffold incorporated with nanobioglass encapsulated in chitosan/chondroitin sulfate complex for bone tissue engineering
(Elsevier B.V., 2020) Bhisham Narayan Singh; Vivek Veeresh; Sarada Prasanna Mallick; Shivam Sinha; Amit Rastogi; Pradeep Srivastava
Over the past decade, various composite materials fabricated using natural or synthetic biopolymers incorporated with bioceramic have been widely investigated for the regeneration of segmental bone defect. In the present study, nano-bioglass incorporated osteoconductive composite scaffolds were fabricated through polyelectrolyte complexation/phase separation and resuspension of separated complex in gelatin matrix. Developed scaffold exhibits controlled bioreactivity, minimize abrupt pH rise (~7.8), optimal swelling behavior (2.6+–3.1) and enhances mechanical strength (0.62 ± 0.18 MPa) under wet condition. Moreover, in-vitro cell study shows that the fabricated scaffold provide suitable template for cellular attachment, spreading, biomineralization and collagen based matrix deposition. Also, the developed scaffold was evaluated for biocompatibility and bone tissue regeneration potential through implantation in non-union segmental bone defect created in rabbit animal model. The obtained histological analysis indicates strong potential of the composite scaffold for bone tissue regeneration, vascularization and reconstruction of defects. Thus, the developed composite scaffold might be a suitable biomaterial for bone tissue engineering applications. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.
Gestational diabetes mellitus
(2008) S.K. Singh; Amit Rastogi
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is any abnormal glucose tolerance first detected during pregnancy. The pathogenesis involves the combination of insulin resistance and defective insulin secretion. Unmodifiable risk factors such as age, genetic background, ethinicity and modifiable risk factors are well known. Several screening and diagnostic tests are in use. Adverse consequences of GDM includes neonatal macrosomia and hypoglycemia and in mother post partum risk of diabetes mellitus. Management modalities and strategies of GDM have markedly improved in last two decades, with new insulins and even oral medication showing reasonable good response. © 2008 Diabetes India.
Healing of Artificially Created Gap Non-union Using Autologous Cultured Osteoblasts Impregnated Over Three-Dimensional Biodegradable Scaffold: An Experimental Study (Rabbit)
(Springer, 2021) Vikas Singh; Mahipat Singh; Rupesh Jung Belbase; Amit Rastogi
Background: The large bone defect often require bone transplant or its substitutes to restore bone integrity which have some limitations. The study was conducted to analyze role of autologous osteoblast that are amplified in vivo and impregnated in a synthesized three-dimensional gelatin hydroxyapatite scaffold for treating artificially created critical size defect in rabbit's iliac crest. Methods: In this research, 4-month-old ten healthy white male rabbits of average weight 2–3 kg were chosen. Osteoblasts cells were isolated from the rabbit iliac crest and were taken in transfer medium to the laboratory and cultured for 2–3 weeks. These osteoblast cells were seed on 3-dimensional scaffold and culture the construct for 2 weeks. The cultured autologous osteoblasts over the scaffold were transplanted into the defect by reopening the iliac crest of the same rabbit from which is cells were extracted. Serial radiograph of pelvis was done to see progressive signs of union. Results: Out of ten rabbits chosen for study two rabbits were passed during study. Gross and radiological examination of rabbits was done at 0, 4, 8 and 12 weeks. Features of union was seen in six rabbits on follow-up. There is no signs of union or minimal new bone formation around the implant material were seen in two case. Conclusion: The study demonstrated using autologous cultured osteoblasts impregnated over three-dimensional biodegradable scaffold for large bone defect is a good option. The importance of three-dimensional biodegradable scaffold is that it provide scaffolding for sufficient interval for new bone formation. © 2021, Indian Orthopaedics Association.
High-manganese and nitrogen stabilized austenitic stainless steel (Fe-18Cr-22Mn-0.65N): A material with a bright future for orthopedic implant devices
(IOP Publishing Ltd, 2021) Chandra Shekhar Kumar; Gaurav Singh; Suruchi Poddar; Neelima Varshney; Sanjeev Kumar Mahto; Arijit Saha Podder; Kausik Chattopadhyay; Amit Rastogi; Vakil Singh; Girija Shankar Mahobia
The rationale behind the success of nickel free or with extremely low nickel austenitic high manganese and nitrogen stabilized stainless steels is adverse influences of nickel ion on human body. Replacement of nickel by nitrogen and manganese provides a stable microstructure and facilitates better biocompatibility in respect of the conventional 316L austenitic stainless steel (316L SS). In this investigation, biocompatibility of the high-manganese and nitrogen stabilized (Fe-18Cr-22Mn-0.65N) austenitic stainless steel was studied and found highly promising. In vitro cell culture and cell proliferation (MTT) assays were performed on this stainless steel and assessed in respect of the 316L SS. Both the steels exhibited similar cell growth behavior. Furthermore, an enhancement was observed in cell proliferation on the Fe-18Cr-22Mn-0.65N SS after surface modification by ultrasonic shot peening (USP). The mean percent proliferation of the MG-63 cells increased from ≈88% for Un-USP to 98% and 105% for USP 3-2 and USP 2-2 samples, respectively for 5 d of incubation. Interestingly, in vivo animal study performed in rabbits for 3 and 6 weeks showed callus formation and sign of union without any allergic reaction. © 2021 IOP Publishing Ltd.
How is Biodegradable Scaffold Effective in Gap Non-union? Insights from an Experiment
(Springer, 2021) Vivek Veeresh; Shivam Sinha; Birju Manjhi; B.N. Singh; Amit Rastogi; Pradeep Srivastava
Objective: To evaluate the role of composite (Chitosan/Chondroitin sulphate/gelatin/nano-bioglass) scaffold in the union of critical size bone defect created in the rabbit’s ulna. Methods: The composite (Chitosan/Chondroitin sulphate/gelatin/nano-bioglass) scaffold was fabricated using the freeze-drying technique under standard laboratory conditions. The scaffold was cut into the appropriate size and transferred into the defect created (critical bone size defect 1 cm) over the right ulna in the rabbit. The scaffold was not implanted on the left side thus the left side ulna served as control. Results were assessed on serial radiological examination. Rabbits were sacrificed at 20 weeks for histopathological examination (Haematoxylin–Eosin staining and Mason’s trichrome staining) and scanning electron microscope observation. Radiological scoring was done by Lane and Sandhu’s scoring. Results: Among 12 rabbits, 10 could complete the follow-up. Among those 10 rabbits, 8 among the test group showed good evidence of bone formation at the gap non-union scaffold implanted site. Histological evidence of new bone formation, collagen synthesis, scaffold resorption, minimal chondrogenesis was evident by 20 weeks in the test group. Two rabbits had poor bone formation. Conclusion: The chitosan-chondroitin sulphate-gelatin-nano-bioglass composite scaffold is efficient in osteoconduction and osteoinduction in the gap non-union model as it is biocompatible, bioactive, and non-immunogenic as well. © 2021, Indian Orthopaedics Association.
In vitro comparison of resistance to implant failure in unstable trochanteric fractures fixed with intramedullary single screw versus double screw device
(Medknow Publications, 2014) Amit Rastogi; G.R. Arun; Vakil Singh; Anant Singh; Ashutosh K. Singh; Vinay Kumaraswamy
Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the resistance of intramedullary single screw device (Gamma nail) and double screw device proximal femoral nail (PFN) in unstable trochanteric fractures in terms of the number of cycles sustained, subsidence and implant failure in an axial loading test in cadaveric femora. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 18 dry cadaveric femoral specimens, 9 of these were implanted with a Gamma nail and 9 with PFN. There was no significant difference found in average dual energy X-ray absorptiometry value between both groups. The construct was made unstable (AO type 31A3.3) by removing a standard sized posteromedial wedge. These were tested on a cyclic physiological loading machine at 1 cycle/s with a load of 200 kg. The test was observed for 50,000 loading cycles or until implant failure, whichever occurred earlier. Peak displacements were measured and analysis was done to determine construct stiffness and gap micromotion in axial loading. Result: It was observed that there was statistically significant difference in terms of displacement at the fracture gap and overall construct stiffness of specimens of both groups. PFN construct group showed a mean subsidence of 1.02 mm and Gamma nail construct group showed mean subsidence of 2.36 mm after cycling. The average stiffness of Gamma nail group was 62.8 8.4 N/mm which was significantly lower than average stiffness of the PFN group (80.4 5.9 N/mm) (P = 0.03). In fatigue testing, 1 out of 9 PFN bone construct failed, while 5 of 9 Gamma nail bone construct failed. Conclusion: When considering micromotion (subsidence) and incidence of implant/screw failure, double screw device (PFN) had statistically significant lower micromotion across the fracture gap with axial compression and lower incidence of implant failure. Hence, double screw device (PFN) construct had higher stability compared to single screw device (GN) in an unstable trochanteric fracture femur model.
Influence of physiological loading on the lumbar spine of national level athletes in different sports
(Polish Academy of Science, Committee of Physical Culture, 2016) Mansoorehossadat Rozan; Vahid Rouhollahi; Amit Rastogi; Dilip Kumar Dureha
The lumbar spine is subjected to considerable stress during many athletic efforts. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of physiological loading on the lumbar spine in national male players of different games, which may be predictive of the future development of low back pain and injury symptoms. Thirty-four national players (12 cricket players, 12 field hockey players, and 10 basketball players) underwent magnetic resonance imaging, and selected geometric variables including intervertebral disc angles, the Farfan ratio, the lumbar body index, the compression deformity ratio, the biconcave deformity ratio and the anterior wedge deformity ratio were measured using KINOVEA-0.8.15 software and syngo fast view software and calculated using specific formulas. The results indicated a significant difference in the intervertebral disc angle between the three groups at the L2/3, L3/4 and L4/5 levels. In relation to the lumbar vertebral body shape and size, significant differences were found in the lumbar index at the L2 level, in the biconcave deformity at the L1 and L2 levels and in relation to the anterior wedge deformity at L2 between the three selected groups. Our data suggest that the different physiological loadings in the selected sports play an important role in the development of degenerative changes of the lumbar spine, which may be considered a risk factor for future injury and/or low back pain in each specific sport because of the unique demands of each discipline. © Editorial Committee of Journal of Human Kinetics 2016.
Molecular diagnosis of 46,XY DSD and identification of a novel 8 nucleotide deletion in exon 1 of the SRD5A2 gene
(Freund Publishing House Ltd, 2010) M.R. Nagaraja; Amit Rastogi; Rajiva Raman; Dinesh K. Gupta; S.K. Singh
Phenotypic presentation of 46,XY DSD depends on the underlying defects. Defect in androgen action on the target tissues or production of active metabolite share common morphological features. Molecular study may help differentiating these abnormalities with precision. Mutational analysis of androgen receptor (AR) and SRD5A2 genes was performed in 29 patients with 46,XY DSD, by PCR-SSCP. The amplicons that showed an aberrant migration in SSCP were subjected to sequencing. Interestingly, six patients from 4 unrelated families (a pair of sibs, uncle/nephew and other two isolated) were identified with mutations in SRDSA2 gene. In five patients p.R246Q missense mutation was detected, of which four were homozygous and one was compound heterozygous: g.80-87delT CGCGAAG (p.A27fsX132) and p.R246Q. Another patient with isolated micropenis harbored a heterozygous p.G196S missense mutation. No AR gene mutation was detected. In conclusion, our study suggests that p.R246Q mutation is common amongst patients with SRD5A2 gene defect from the Northern states of India. Also, it records a novel deletion in exon 1 of SRD5A2 gene in a patient with severe hypospadias. © Freund Publishing House Ltd.
Mutational analysis of the androgen receptor gene in two Indian families with partial androgen insensitivity syndrome
(Walter de Gruyter GmbH, 2009) M.R. Nagaraja; Amit Rastogi; Rajiva Raman; Dinesh K. Gupta; S.K. Singh
Mutation in the androgen receptor gene (AR) is known to cause androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS). In an X-linked recessive manner, an AR mutation gets transmitted to the offspring through carrier mothers in 70% of cases, the other 30% arising de novo. However, reports on AR mutations amongst Indian patients with AIS are scarce in the literature. This study reports mutations in AR from two Indian families, each having a proband with partial androgen insensitivity syndrome (PAIS) phenotype. Clinical, endocrine and cytogenetic evaluation of these affected children was performed. Mutational analysis was carried out by polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformational polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) analysis followed by sequencing. The two point mutations were in exon 5: p.M742I, familial in patient 1 and p.V746M de novo in patient 2. These are hitherto unrecognized mutations in our population. Similar mutational studies are suggested in patients with AIS, in order to identify their frequency and clinical severity in our population. © Freund Publishing House Ltd.
Optimization studies on growth of human chondrocytes
(2013) Lucky Srivastava; Ishan S. Chandel; Amit K. Rai; Amit Rastogi; Pradeep Srivastava
Cartilage is one of the expectative targets for tissue engineering because it differs from other tissues in its limited capacity for self-repair, which makes the treatment of chondral lesions difficult. The techniques currently available to treat cartilage lesions may relieve symptoms, but do not regenerate the injured tissue. Autologous chondrocyte transplantation uses cell biology and cell culture techniques that aim at regenerating the hyaline cartilage and restoring the function of the articular surface. Present study was carried out to standardize and analyze the culture conditions of chondrocytes from human donors and ex vivo expansion of the chondrocytes in view of their therapeutic use. Human chondrocytes, procured and isolated from cartilage piece collected from the patient suffering from cartilage damage, were cultured and subjected to growth studies. Cell culture assays were performed to evaluate isolation, viability, morphology and proliferation. In the present study, the cell isolation process and culture conditions were proved to be efficient and assured a high cell proliferation rate as well as a cell viability of 75-87.5%. The results enabled the evaluation of biopsy processing conditions to obtain chondrocytes, culture conditions for cell proliferation and evaluation of suitable strategies for chondrocyte culture.
Pain in acute and chronic wounds: a descriptive study.
(2005) Dinesh Shukla; Anuj Kumar Tripathi; Saurabh Agrawal; Mumtaz Ahmad Ansari; Amit Rastogi; Vijay Kumar Shukla
The significance of pain in wound healing is much neglected because of biases against pain management in general, a lack of knowledge of available analgesics, and difficulties associated with pain measurement. To assess pain in patients suffering from acute and chronic wounds, a 1-day descriptive study was conducted involving 50 patients, 26 with acute wounds and 24 with chronic wounds, served by the wound clinic of a university hospital. Patients responded to questions regarding onset, location, type, and intensity of pain using the Visual Analog and Visual Reporting Scales and to statements about aggravating and relieving factors and overall impact on their quality of life using a 5-point scale where 5 = totally agree and 1 = completely disagree. Results showed pain was commonly mild to moderate (41 patients, 88%), located in and around wound (43 patients, 93.5%), occurred most frequently during dressing change (30 patients, 65%), and was relieved by medications (39 patients, 84.8%) and positioning (17 patients, 37%). The most commonly affected quality of life variables were physical activity (40 patients, 87% of patients) and social functioning (23 patients, 50%). Controlling wound pain can play a major role in improving patient quality of life.