Browsing by Author "Amit Saxena"

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Analytical analysis of concentration of charge carriers in polymer electrolytes through different models
(Elsevier Ltd, 2022) Amit Saxena; Kushal Malhotra; Manali Jaithliya; Shweta Agarwal; Bhaskar Bhattacharya
The development of solid polymer electrolytes with high ionic conductivity and good chemical and mechanical stability for application in various electrochemical devices has been a critical area of research in the past few decades. For the better performance of the electrochemical devices, the compatibility between the electrodes and electrolytes of the system is the foremost requirement. In addition to this, the ion conductivity of the electrolytes is an important parameter. Understanding the mechanism of changes in ionic conductivity with different concentrations of salt and dispersoid is very crucial. In the present work, we have used three theoretical models, the Rice-Roth model, the Trukhan model and Schutt and Gerdes Model, to understand the reasons behind the variation in conductivity by calculating the concentration and mobility of charge carriers. All the required parameters of the model for the calculation purpose have been taken from Impedance Spectroscopy data. The Trukhan model is a direct method for evaluating the exact value of the diffusion coefficient. The diffusion coefficient of PEO-NaI based electrolyte thin films are calculated from the dielectric tangent loss and further used for analyzing the concentration of charge carrier and ion mobility. Similarly, two more theoretical models, Rice-Roth and Schutt & Gerdes model were used to confirm the value of the number of charge carriers. Further, all the results are compared with each other for the conclusion. © 2022
Comparative Study on Electrical Behavior of Silicon/Fullerene/CuI Dispersed Composite Polymer Electrolytes
(Wiley-VCH Verlag, 2019) Amit Saxena; Bhaskar Bhattacharya
This paper presents the comparative study of electrical characterization for Si/C60/CuI dispersed composite polymer electrolyte thin films. Thin polymer films are prepared for different wt% of dispersoid with the host polymer electrolyte (PEO: NaI) matrix. Si and CuI are used as procured and C60 is prepared in the laboratory and the same has been verified with NMR data sheet. Furthermore, the prepared films are subjected to structural and electrical characterization. The composite nature of the films is verified with the X-ray diffraction and Fourier Transform Infrared. The complex impedance spectroscopy is used to analyze the electrical conductivity of the samples. The polarization technique is performed to calculate the transference of ion (T¬ion). The concentration and mobility of charge carries are calculated to explain and to support the change in conductivity. © 2019 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
Electrical conductivity of pectin-based biopolymer electrolytes: search for a theoretical framework
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Kailash Kumar; Ikhwan Syafiq Mohd Noor; Shri Prakash Pandey; Bhaskar Bhattacharya; Amit Saxena
This paper reports the successful fabrications of polymer electrolytes using biopolymer pectin in conjunction with ammonium azide (NaN3) salt by solution casting method. The ionic conductivity of these electrolytes was evaluated using EIS at room temperature. Among the compositions tested, the highest conductivity of 2.3 × 10−3 S cm−1 was observed to sample of 5 wt.% of NaN3. The charge carriers' concentration (n) and mobility (µ) were calculated to understand the conductivity behavior attributed to dispersoids. For the calculation of n and μ, two theoretical models were used, namely the Trukhan and the S&G Model. The correlations between conductivity, n and μ are discussed. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024.
Electrical conductivity of pectin-based biopolymer electrolytes: search for a theoretical framework
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025) Kailash Vijaya Kumar; Ikhwan Syafiq Mohd Noor; Shri Prakash Pandey; Bhaskar Bhattacharya; Amit Saxena
This paper reports the successful fabrications of polymer electrolytes using biopolymer pectin in conjunction with ammonium azide (NaN3) salt by solution casting method. The ionic conductivity of these electrolytes was evaluated using EIS at room temperature. Among the compositions tested, the highest conductivity of 2.3 × 10−3 S cm−1 was observed to sample of 5 wt.% of NaN3. The charge carriers' concentration (n) and mobility (µ) were calculated to understand the conductivity behavior attributed to dispersoids. For the calculation of n and μ, two theoretical models were used, namely the Trukhan and the S&G Model. The correlations between conductivity, n and μ are discussed. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024.
Humidity Effect on Ionic Conductivity of Composite Polymer Electrolytes
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2023) Ashish Raj; Kushal Mehrotra; S.P. Pandey; S. Venkatesan Jayakumar; Amit Saxena; Bhaskar Bhattacahrya
The solid polymer electrolytes (SPE) based electrochemical devices are an area of attention for more than two decades. The ability of thin-film preparation and leakage proof over the liquid counterpart are the key factors of SPE. In the present work, two different compositions, 80–20 and 85–15, of PVA:KI has been used as a host polymer complex. Where further 10 wt% of p-Si dispersed with PVA:KI complexes. Polymer films have been prepared with standard solution cast techniques, which are further characterized for their electrical conductivity by Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). Also, the humidity effect on the ionic conductivity of these thin films is calculated. It is observed that the ionic conductivity of these polymer electrolytes films increases with 58%, 74%, and 89% humidity. To understand the change in this ionic conductivity, the concentration and mobility of ions are also calculated, and it is found that the change in conductivity are predominately influenced due to the mobility of charge carriers. © 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.
(ICSEM 2025): Electrical Properties of Nano-ZnS Incorporated Polymer Electrolyte Films: A Conductivity Analysis for Energy Devices
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2025) Ashish Raj; Pavan Kumar Singh; Munendra Singh; Amit Saxena; Bhaskar Bhattacharya; Shri Prakash Pandey
The tunable electrical conductivity of nano-ZnS-doped polymer electrolyte films presents substantial possibilities for a variety of devices. The main goal of this study is to find the best way to make polymer electrolyte films work better in electrochemical devices by looking into how their electrical properties change with concentration. We selected poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and potassium iodide (KI) as the polymer electrolyte matrix based on their composition, which exhibited maximum conductivity. Nano-ZnS was synthesized via the chemical precipitation method and incorporated as a nanofiller into the PVA-KI matrix at varying concentrations using a controlled stirring process. Solution casting approach was adopted to fabricate the polymer electrolyte films. We studied the electrical properties of the free-standing solid polymer composite films using impedance spectroscopy, the structural properties using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the optical properties using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results indicate that the ionic conductivity of the films increases with increasing nano-ZnS concentration up to a critical threshold, beyond which conductivity plateaus or declines. The maximum conductivity of 4.1 × 10−⁴ S/cm was obtained for 7 wt.% concentration. We further analyze this conductivity behavior in relation to the dispersion of nano-ZnS within the polymeric matrix and its influence on ionic transport mechanisms. These findings offer insights into the optimal nano-ZnS concentration required to achieve high conductivity in polymer composite electrolytes, contributing to the development of efficient and durable solid-state batteries and electrochemical sensors. © 2025 Wiley-VCH GmbH.
Investigating Theoretical Frameworks: Comprehending the Relationship between σ, n, and μ in MnO2 Dispersed Films
(American Chemical Society, 2023) None Meenakshi; Amit Saxena; Bhaskar Bhattacharya
Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) made from a polymer-salt matrix show great potential for use in various applications, such as batteries, fuel cells, supercapacitors, solar cells, and electrochromic devices. Research on various theoretical and experimental aspects of these SPEs is highly pursued worldwide. However, due to the lack of direct experimental techniques for the measurement of the number of charge carriers (n) and their mobility (μ), reports on their correlation with conductivity (σ) and their exact theoretical justification are rare in literature studies. This paper is an attempt toward the search for the well-established theoretical formulation for n and μ that can justify the experimental results. In a previous attempt, it could only be demonstrated that the available theoretical bases show different values, but we could not come to any concrete conclusion. This research involves the use of three theoretical models, namely, the Rice and Roth model, the Trukhan model, and the Schutt and Gerdes model. The purpose of this study is to analyze the varying conductivity levels by calculating the concentration and mobility of charge carriers. To obtain the required parameters, impedance spectroscopy data were used. The Trukhan model was used to determine the precise value of the diffusion coefficient. By utilizing the dielectric tangent loss, the concentration of charge carriers and ion mobility were calculated. The Schutt and Gerdes (S&G) model was also used; this model is based on the dielectric constant and the relaxation frequency, which were derived from the EIS data. Finally, the Rice and Roth model was also employed, which is known for the ion transport in “super” ionic conductors. This was employed on the temperature-dependent impedance data for three different compositions of the films. A correlation is established between n and μ with σ using all three models. However, the Trukhan model is the most suitable for explaining the behavior of our system. © 2023 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.
Rare Earth Oxide Dispersed PEO-Based Solid Polymer Electrolytes: EIS ANALYSIS (ICSEM 2025)
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2025) Amit Saxena; Kamana K. Mishra; Bhaskar Bhattacharya
Significant research has been initiated toward getting alternative energy sources to mitigate long-term dependence on conventional natural resources and enhance the efficiency of existing technologies in recent past. Among the different materials examined, the solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) were found as one of the important materials for energy storage devices. This is because SPE offers very good flexibility and superior safety characteristics. The development of SPE exhibiting good ionic conductivity for potential applications of energy storage and conversion systems. Crystallinity can be reduced by incorporating inert oxide fillers, and consequently, can enhance the ionic conductivity too. In this work, we report the influence of lanthanum oxide (La2O3) dispersion on the properties of poly(ethylene oxide)-based polymer electrolytes. Solid polymer electrolyte films comprising PEO:NaI with varying weight percentages of La2O3 were fabricated using the solution casting technique. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was employed to evaluate the electrical properties of the prepared films. The ionic conductivity of the samples was determined through EIS measurements, and additional parameters, including the dielectric constant, electrical modulus, charge carrier concentration, and mobility, were derived from the EIS data. The maximum conductivity of 2.70 × 10−03S/cm was obtained for 5wt% dispersoid. The paper presents a detailed analysis of these parameters and discusses their interrelations to elucidate the effect of La2O3 dispersion on the electrochemical performance of the PEO-based polymer electrolyte system. © 2025 Wiley-VCH GmbH.
Studies on CuI Dispersed Mixed (Ion + Electron) Conducting Composite Polymer Electrolyte System
(Springer New York LLC, 2018) Amit Saxena; Bhaskar Bhattacharya
This paper reports the mixed (ionic + electronic) conducting behavior of a copper iodide (CuI) dispersed composite polymer electrolyte system with the help of various characterization techniques. The composite polymer electrolyte films were prepared with different wt.% of CuI, dispersed in a host polymer-salt complex by the solution cast technique. Prepared films were then subjected to various characterization techniques for analysis. X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were performed to verify the composite nature of the prepared samples. The conductivity and dielectric constant of each sample were analyzed with the help of complex impedance spectroscopy. The dielectric permittivity (ε′), dielectric loss (ε″), real (M′) and imaginary (M″) parts of the electric modulus were also calculated to understand the ion transport mechanism. Transference number of ions (tion) was calculated by a polarization technique. Finally, the concentration (n) and mobility (μ) of charge carriers were calculated to explain the changes in conductivity of CuI dispersed polymer films. We observed that the conductivity pattern of the samples predominantly depends on the concentration of charge carriers. © 2018, The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society.
Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Diclofenac (DCF) Derivatives
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2023) Divya Rana Tomar; Kushal Mehrotra; Bhaskar Bhattacharya; Amit Saxena; Venkatesan Jayakumar
Over the years, scientific community has shown immense interest in the synthesis of novel, bioactive molecules with few adverse effects. Instead of painstaking multistep synthesis with hazardous synthetic reagents, also for clinical studies, it is better to enhance the activity and tuning by structural modification of the commercial drugs based on their structural and biological properties. It is demonstrated that diclofenac (DCF) be an effective analgesic and anti-pyretic in the treatment of cancer-related pain, but it has limitations and adverse effects as gastrointestinal irritation, small intestine damage, nausea, platelet dysfunction, and vertigo. Wherefore the main objective of the current research is to investigate new, novel, green methods of preparation of DCF derivatives, and structural characterization with the help of FT-IR, UV-Visible spectroscopy, MS spectrometry techniques. © 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.