Browsing by Author "Amit Singh"

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A Pilot Study on Knowledge and Experience on use of Generic Medicines among Healthcare Professionals
(Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 2022) Vinay Kumar Gupta; Amit Singh; Ajay K. Gupta; A. Trigunayat; B. Kumar
Those medicines which are having same efficacy as that of their branded and expensive counterparts are known as Generic medicines. Compare to branded medicines, generic medicines have similar route of administration, indication, side effects, strength. Contrary to lower price and affordability the generic medicines are not so popular among healthcare professionals. The objective of this study is to analyse, knowledge and experience on use of generic medicines among healthcare professionals. A pilot study was conducted at Institute of Medical Sciences (IMS) Banaras Hindu University Varanasi India. This was a questionnaire-based cross-sectional study. The participants were doctors, nurses, pharmacists and others (research scholars and PG students). Chi square test used to find out p value. The overall response rate was 84.61 percent (55/65). Among all participants 12.7 percent did not “heard about Pradhan Mantri Jan Aushadhi Pariyojana Kendra”. Among all participants only 40 percent were not aware about Pradhan Mantri Jan Aushadhi Pariyojana Kendra situated in their area. Among all participants 72.73% aware about safe generic medicines, while among participant groups 60% of participating doctors, all nursing and pharmacy professionals and 72% of others accepted that generic medicines are safe as like branded medicines. A variation observed in respect of knowledge, and experience on generic medicines among participants. 40% (percent) of participating doctors did not believe in generic medicines and opted that the generic medicines are not safe as like branded medicines. Therefore, need for more training/awareness programmes on generic medicine arises. Need for building trust among healthcare professionals on generic medicines required. © RJPT All right reserved.
A prospective observational safety study on ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 corona virus vaccine (recombinant) use in healthcare workers- first results from India
(Elsevier Ltd, 2021) Upinder Kaur; Bisweswar Ojha; Bhairav Kumar Pathak; Anup Singh; Kiran R. Giri; Amit Singh; Agniva Das; Anamika Misra; Ashish Kumar Yadav; Sangeeta Kansal; Sankha Shubhra Chakrabarti
Background: We provide the first post-approval safety analysis of COVISHIELD in health care workers (HCWs) in northern India. Methods: This continuing prospective observational study (February 2021 to May 2022) enrolled participants ≥18 years receiving COVISHIELD vaccination. Primary outcome was safety and reactogenicity. Categories (FDA toxicity grading) and outcomes of adverse events following immunization (AEFIs) were recorded, causality assessment performed, and risk factors analysed. Findings: We present the results of an interim analysis of 804 participants. AEFIs following first dose were reported in 321 (40%; systemic involvement in 248). Among 730 participants who completed a 7-day follow-up post second dose, AEFIs occurred in 115 (15.7%; systemic in 99). Majority of AEFIs were mild-moderate and resolved spontaneously. Serious AEFIs, leading to hospitalization was noticed in 1 (0.1%) participant with suspicion of immunization stress related response (ISRR). AEFIs of grade 3 severity (FDA) were recorded in 4 participants (0.5%). No deaths were recorded. Regression analysis showed increased risk of AEFIs in younger individuals, a two times higher odds in females, those with hypertension or with history of allergy; and three times higher odds in individuals with hypothyroidism. Interpretation: COVISHIELD carries an overall favourable safety profile with AEFI rates much less than reported for other adenoviral vaccines. Females, those with hypertension, individuals with history of allergy and hypothyroidism may need watchful vaccine administration. This being an interim analysis and based on healthcare workers who may not reflect the general population demographics, larger inclusive studies are warranted for confirming the findings. Funding: No funding support. © 2021 The Author(s)
A Real-world Pilot Observational Study of Neuropathic Pain Medications in Older Adult Patients in North India
(Bentham Science Publishers, 2022) Upinder Kaur; Vandana Dwivedi; Alok Singh; Amit Singh; Arun Raj Pandey; Kumudini Acharya; Sankha Shubhra Chakrabarti
Aims: This pilot study aimed to make head-to-head comparisons of multiple classes of drugs used in the management of neuropathic pain in North Indian older adult patients pre-senting to the geriatric clinic of a tertiary medical institution. Background: Chronic neuropathic pain is a condition affecting nearly one third of older adults. There is paucity of data on head-to-head comparisons of drugs used in neuropathic pain in older adults. Real world studies may be a useful tool to study diverse neuropathic pain medications in this population. Objectives: The study objective was to measure NPRS (numeric pain rating scale), GDS (geri-atric depression scale), IADL (instrumental activities of daily living), HMSE (Hindi mental state examination) scores at baseline, and 4-and 12-week follow-ups in all older adult patients receiving neuropathic pain medications. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted involving older adult patients ≥ 50 years of age with painful peripheral neuropathy of any etiology (n=60; mean age 63±8.4 years). The patients received either gabapentin, pregabalin, duloxetine, amitriptyline, or me-thyl-cobalamin complex. NPRS, GDS, IADL, and HMSE scores were measured at baseline and post-therapy. Results: All groups except amitriptyline showed statistically significant improvement in NPRS at 4 weeks and 12 weeks compared to baseline. 30% response rate at 4 weeks was maximum for pregabalin (72%) and 50% response rate at 12 weeks was maximum for gabapentin (58%). Numerically maximum improvement in depression was seen with duloxetine. There was no statistically significant difference in the measured parameters between the drug groups across time. Mean daily dose was 172 mg (gabapentin group), 75 mg (pregabalin group) and 20 mg (duloxetine group). The adverse drug reaction rate was 10.5%. Conclusion: All drug groups showed beneficial effects on neuropathic pain at much lower doses than those described in the literature. The effectiveness at these low doses and the lower rates of adverse effects sets the foundation for larger studies in the future in diverse ethnic and aged populations. © 2022 Bentham Science Publishers.
Aripiprazole-induced Parkinsonism with pregabalin as a confounder
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021) Upinder Kaur; Bisweswar Ojha; Bhairav Kumar Pathak; Amit Singh; Indrajeet Singh Gambhir; Sankha Shubhra Chakrabarti
[No abstract available]
Case Report: Isoniazid-Associated Delirium in an Elderly Female with Spinal Tuberculosis
(American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2022) Upinder Kaur; Rohit Singh; Amit Singh; Sankha Shubhra Chakrabarti
Isoniazid is an important component of first-line antitubercular therapy. The drug at its therapeutic dose is known to cause hepatitis and peripheral neuropathy. The association of isoniazid with pure delirium is rare. Here, we present an interesting case of new-onset delirium associated with isoniazid in an elderly female with spinal tuberculosis. Remarkable improvement was noticed in the patient following drug discontinuation and pyridoxine augmentation. Copyright © 2022 by The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.
Catechin isolated from faba beans (Vicia faba L.): insights from oxidative stress and hypoglycemic effect in yeast cells through confocal microscopy, flow cytometry, and in silico strategy
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2022) Dhiraj Kumar Choudhary; Navaneet Chaturvedi; Amit Singh; Abha Mishra
The present aim of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of catechin from faba beans on oxidative stress and glucose uptake in yeast cells. Flow cytometry approach indicated that 2-NBDG (1.98 ± 0.37) seed extract had a lower relative fluorescence signal than methanol (5.98 ± 0.67) and acetone seed extract (4.43 ± 0.55). In comparison to the control and seed extract, H2O2 exposure increased the apoptosis rate of yeast cells from 8.20% to 64.80%. Yeast cells incubated with H2O2 produced significantly more ROS intensity (162 ± 4.32, p < 0.05) than control cells (118 ± 2.52, p < 0.05) and less than seed extract-treated cells. Molecular dynamics simulation studies were performed for cat:α-amylase (catechin-α-amylase complex) which revealed the stable and mixed mode of inhibition during a simulation. The synergistic action of polyphenols or catechin present in seed extract may be responsible for the anti-oxidative stress and hypoglycaemic effects. The findings of this study may provide insight into the further development of a novel antidiabetic drug for T2DM. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma. © 2021 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
Characterization, inhibitory activity and mechanism of polyphenols from faba bean (gallic-acid and catechin) on α-glucosidase: insights from molecular docking and simulation study
(Taylor and Francis Inc., 2020) Dhiraj Kumar Choudhary; Navaneet Chaturvedi; Amit Singh; Abha Mishra
The chemo-profiling of ethanolic extract of faba beans seeds was performed and explored as an α-glucosidase inhibitor. The inhibition of α-glucosidase is one of the alternatives approach to control postprandial hyperglycemia by, resulting in the delay of the carbohydrate digestion of absorbable monosaccharides. Ethanolic seed extract showed phenolic compounds, flavonoid such as gallic acid (m/z [M– H] = 169.0124,C7H6O5) ellagic acid derivatives epigallocatechin (m/z [M– H = 305.0644,C15H14O7),catechin (m/z [M– H] = 289.0656,C15H14O6), epigallocatechin gallate (m/z [M– H] = 457.0578,C22H18O11) and epicatechin monogallate (m/z [M– H] = 441.081, C22H18O10). The extract was found to exert inhibitory activity (88.28 ± 2.67%) (IC50 value of 2.30 ± 0.032 mg/mL) with a mixed mode of inhibition (Km, apparent = 0.54 ± 0.020 mM and Vmax, apparent 0.136 ± 0.04 mM/min). Molecular docking studies of gallic acid and catechin on α-glucosidase proposed productive binding modes having binding energy (−6.58 kcal/mol and −7.25 kcal/mol) with an effective number of hydrogen bonds and binding energy. Tyr63, Arg197, Asp198, Glu 233, Asn324, Asp 326 of α-glucosidase participated in binding events with gallic acid and catechin. Molecular dynamics simulation studies were performed for both complexes i.e. gal:α-glucosidase and cat:α-glucosidase along with apo state of α-glucosidase, which revealed stable systems during the simulation. These findings of the present study may give an insight into the further development of the novel antidiabetic drug from the seeds of faba beans. © 2019, © 2019 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Complex disruption effect of natural polyphenols on Bcl-2-Bax: Molecular dynamics simulation and essential dynamics study
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2015) Sharad Verma; Amit Singh; Abha Mishra
Apoptosis (programmed cell death) is a process by which cells died after completing physiological function or after a severe genetic damage. Apoptosis is mainly regulated by the Bcl-2 family of proteins. Anti apoptotic protein Bcl-2 prevents the Bax activation/oligomerization to form heterodimer which is responsible for release of the cytochrome c from mitochondria to the cytosol in response to death signal. Quercetin and taxifolin (natural polyphenols) efficiently bound to hydrophobic groove of Bcl-2 and altered the structure by inducing conformational changes. Taxifolin was found more efficient when compared to quercetin in terms of interaction energy and collapse of hydrophobic groove. Taxifolin and quercetin were found to dissociate the Bcl-2-Bax complex during 12 ns MD simulation. The effect of taxifolin and quercetin was, further validated by the MD simulation of ligand-unbound Bcl-2-Bax which showed stability during the simulation. Obatoclax (an inhibitor of Bcl-2) had no significant dissociation effect on Bcl-2-Bax during simulation which favored the previous experimental results and disruption effect of taxifolin and quercetin. © 2014 Taylor & Francis.
DDX3X dynamics, glioblastoma's genetic landscape, therapeutic advances, and autophagic interplay
(Springer, 2024) Arpit Sharma; Shruti S. Raut; Alok Shukla; Shivani Gupta; Amit Singh; Abha Mishra
Glioblastoma is one of the most aggressive and deadly forms of cancer, posing significant challenges for the medical community. This review focuses on key aspects of Glioblastoma, including its genetic differences between primary and secondary types. Temozolomide is a major first-line treatment for Glioblastoma, and this article explores its development, how it works, and the issue of resistance that limits its effectiveness, prompting the need for new treatment strategies. Gene expression profiling has greatly advanced cancer research by revealing the molecular mechanisms of tumors, which is essential for creating targeted therapies for Glioblastoma. One important protein in this context is DDX3X, which plays various roles in cancer, sometimes promoting it or otherwise suppressing it. Additionally, autophagy, a process that maintains cellular balance, has complex implications in cancer treatment. Understanding autophagy helps to identify resistance mechanisms and potential treatments, with Chloroquine showing promise in treating Glioblastoma. This review covers the interplay between Glioblastoma, DDX3X, and autophagy, highlighting the challenges and potential strategies in treating this severe disease. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.
Delayed resistance to imatinib after 16 years of therapy in a patient with chronic myeloid leukaemia
(Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2020) Upinder Kaur; Indrajeet Singh Gambhir; Vibhu Ranjan Khare; Amit Singh; Sankha Shubhra Chakrabarti
[No abstract available]
Design, development and characterization of release modulated terbutaline sulphate pulsincap device for treatment of nocturnal asthma
(Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 2018) Sapna Kashyap; Amit Singh; Ajeet Madhukar Godbole; Sandesh Narayan Somnache
Nocturnal Asthma is one of a common type of asthma which shows exaggerated asthmatic symptoms predominantly at late midnight or in early morning hours. In such conditions Pulsatile Drug Delivery System is a choice which can release the drug after predetermined period of time. In the present study Pulsincap device containing Terbutaline Sulphate as model antiasthmatic drug was designed. The microcapsules of different grades of Eudragit were prepared and filled in cross linked body of gelatin capsules. The entire capsules were coated with Cellulose Acetate Phthalate. The prepared microcapsules with pulsincap device were evaluated for various pharmaceutical parameters. The results of the study conclusively proved that Eudragit L-100 and S-100 in ratio of 1:2 is most suitable for microcapsulation of Terbutaline Sulphate to maintain the release of drug for prolonged period of time. The coating of 5 % Cellulose Acetate Phthalate on gelatin capsule filled with drug loaded microcapsules, act as a enteric material and which is meant to release the drug loaded microcapsules in colonic region. This conclusively proved that the developed Pulsincap device containing Terbutaline Sulphate is most promising drug delivery system in the treatment of Nocturnal Asthma. © RJPT All right reserved.
Discovery of Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Using Molecular Modeling and Free Energy Calculations
(American Chemical Society, 2022) Abha Mishra; Amit Singh
The histone acetylation-deacetylation at lysine regulates the functions of many cellular proteins. An increased expression of HDAC6 can cause an increased amount of deacetylated histones, which leads to an inhibition of gene expression and has been associated with cancer cell proliferation. The present study screened the ZINC database to find novel HDAC6 inhibitors using virtual high-throughput screening techniques. The docking score, free energy, and binding pattern of the complexes were used to select a best ligand for further study. Molecular dynamic simulations, binding interactions, and the stability of docked conformations were investigated. Several parameters that determine protein-ligand interactions, such as root-mean-square deviation (RMSD), root-mean-square fluctuation (RMSF), radius of gyration (Rg), and binding pattern, were observed. Hydrogen bonds were observed at His 573 and Gly 582 after a 150 ns simulation with identified compound ZINC000002845205, and they were similar to known inhibitor Panobinostat. The molecular mechanics with generalised Born and surface area solvation (MM/GBSA) free energy was comparable to known inhibitor Panobinostat. ZINC000002845205 qualifies drug-likeness according to Lipinski's rule-of-five, rule-of-three, and the World Drug Index (WDI)-like rule, but there is one violation in the lead-like rule. © 2022 The Authors.
Discovery of the allosteric inhibitor from actinomyces metabolites to target EGFRCSTMLR mutant protein: molecular modeling and free energy approach
(Nature Research, 2023) Ravi Saini; Sonali Kumari; Aditi Bhatnagar; Amit Singh; Abha Mishra
EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor), a surface protein on the cell, belongs to the tyrosine kinase family, responsible for cell growth and proliferation. Overexpression or mutation in the EGFR gene leads to various types of cancer, i.e., non-small cell lung cancer, breast, and pancreatic cancer. Bioactive molecules identified in this genre were also an essential source of encouragement for researchers who accomplished the design and synthesis of novel compounds with anticancer properties. World Health Organization (WHO) report states that antibiotic resistance is one of the most severe risks to global well-being, food safety, and development. The world needs to take steps to lessen this danger, such as developing new antibiotics and regulating their use. In this study, 6524 compounds derived from Streptomyces sp. were subjected to drug-likeness filters, molecular docking, and molecular dynamic simulation for 1000 ns to find new triple mutant EGFRCSTMLR (EGFR-L858R/T790M/C797S) inhibitors. Docking outcomes revealed that five compounds showed better binding affinity (− 9.074 to − 9.3 kcal/mol) than both reference drug CH7233163 (− 6.11 kcal/mol) and co-crystallized ligand Osimertinib (− 8.07 kcal/mol). Further, molecular dynamic simulation confirmed that ligand C_42 exhibited the best interaction at the active site of EGFR protein and comprised a better average radius of gyration (3.87 Å) and average SASA (Solvent Accessible Surface Area) (82.91 Å2) value than co-crystallized ligand (4.49 Å, 222.38 Å2). Additionally, its average RMSD (Root Mean Square Deviation) (3.25 Å) and RMSF (Root Mean Square Fluctuation) (1.54 Å) values were highly similar to co-crystallized ligand (3.07 Å, 1.54 Å). Compared to the reference ligand, it also demonstrated conserved H-bond interactions with the residues MET_793 and GLN_791 with strong interaction probability. In conclusion, we have found a potential drug with no violation of the rule of three, Lipinski's rule of five, and 26 other vital parameters having great potential in medicinal and pharmaceutical industries applications and can overcome synthetic drug issues. © 2023, The Author(s).
Dose finding study of sahaj vati (Comprised of Shilajeet, Haridra, Guggul and Chitrak) in validated animal model of obesity
(National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources (NISCAIR), 2018) Kapil Deo Yadav; Amit Singh; Anand K. Chaudhary
Efficacy of Sahaj Vati containing Shilajeet, Guggul, Haridra and Chitrak has been evaluated at dose of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight after screening the appropriate diet induced obesity model (monosodium glutamate and cafeteria diet induced). It has been observed that both monosodium glutamate and cafeteria diet increases body weight but cafeteria diet also causes dyslipidemia. At the dose of 400 mg/kg, body weight of animal was significantly decreased with increased total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein and triglycerides and insignificant decrease of body weight occurs at dose of 100 mg/kg along with increased triglycerides. At the dose of 200 mg/kg body weight was significantly decreased along with the significant increase of high-density lipoprotein and insignificant decrease in very low-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, and triglycerides. On the basis of present finding we conclude that monosodium glutamate is more suitable for induction of obesity whereas cafeteria diet for obesity associated with dyslipidemia and Sahaj Vati at the dose of 200 mg/kg body weight is more appropriate for reduction of body weight. © 2018, National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources (NISCAIR). All rights reserved.
Drug-related problems in older adults in outpatient settings: Results from a 6-year long prospective study in a tertiary hospital of north India
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2024) Upinder Kaur; Sankha Shubhra Chakrabarti; Gaurav Kumar Gupta; Amit Singh; Indrajeet Singh Gambhir
Aim: Drug-related problems (DRPs) are a common cause of hospitalization in older patients. So far, these issues have been studied in hospitalized settings, and evidence on patterns and outcomes of DRPs, such as adverse drug reactions, is relatively scarce in older outpatients. The main aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive description and possible solutions for DRPs in older adults in outpatient settings. Methods: The study was carried out from January 2015 to September 2021 in a tertiary hospital in north India. Patients aged ≥50 years with DRPs were enrolled. DRPs causing hospitalization, drug interactions and drug–disease interactions were identified, along with preventive measures. Results: Of 10 400 patients registered, 1031 DRPs occurred in 666 patients (9.9%). Adverse drug reactions were the major DRPs (n = 933, 8.9%). Metabolic disorders were the commonest DRP in individuals aged ≥65 years compared with gastrointestinal disorders in the 50–64 years group. Drug interactions and drug–disease interactions contributed to 20.1% and 7.9% of patients, respectively. Nearly 15.8% of DRPs directly led to hospitalization, with drug-induced metabolic disturbances and movement disorders as the common causes. The Naranjo scale was not applicable in 35.3% of patients, and drug interactions were the commonest cause. Frequent monitoring, omission of unnecessary drugs, slow titration and proper instructions on therapy, together, could avoid one-third of DRPs. Conclusion: One out of 10 prescriptions of older outpatients carries a DRP. New-onset metabolic and neurological disturbances should prompt a thorough drug history. A multifaceted holistic approach can prevent significant drug-related morbidity and requires future evaluation. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 285–291. © 2023 Japan Geriatrics Society.
Dual inhibition of chaperoning process by taxifolin: Molecular dynamics simulation study
(2012) Sharad Verma; Amit Singh; Abha Mishra
Hsp90 (heat shock protein 90), a molecular chaperone, stabilizes more than 200 mutated and over expressed oncogenic proteins in cancer development. Cdc37 (cell division cycle protein 37), a co-chaperone of Hsp90, has been found to facilitate the maturation of protein kinases by acting as an adaptor and load these kinases onto the Hsp90 complex. Taxifolin (a natural phytochemical) was found to bind at ATP-binding site of Hsp90 and stabilized the inactive "open" or "lid-up" conformation as evidenced by molecular dynamic simulation. Furthermore, taxifolin was found to bind to interface of Hsp90 and Cdc37 complex and disrupt the interaction of residues of both proteins which were essential for the formation of active super-chaperone complex. Thus, taxifolin was found to act as an inhibitor of chaperoning process and may play a potential role in the cancer chemotherapeutics. © 2012 Elsevier Inc.
Effect of Lockdown Amid COVID-19 on Ambient Air Quality in 16 Indian Cities
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2021) Amit Kumar Mishra; Prashant Rajput; Amit Singh; Chander Kumar Singh; Rajesh Kumar Mall
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected severely the economic structure and health care system, among others, of India and the rest of the world. The magnitude of its aftermath is exceptionally devastating in India, with the first case reported in January 2020, and the number has risen to ~31.3 million as of July 23, 2021. India imposed a complete lockdown on March 25, which severely impacted migrant population, industrial sector, tourism industry, and overall economic growth. Herein, the impacts of lockdown and unlock phases on ambient atmospheric air quality variables have been assessed across 16 major cities of India covering the north-to-south stretch of the country. In general, all assessed air pollutants showed a substantial decrease in AQI values during the lockdown compared with the reference period (2017–2019) for almost all the reported cities across India. On an average, about 30–50% reduction in AQI has been observed for PM2.5, PM10, and CO, and maximum reduction of 40–60% of NO2 has been observed herein, while the data was average for northern, western, and southern India. SO2 and O3 showed an increase over a few cities as well as a decrease over the other cities. Maximum reduction (49%) in PM2.5 was observed over north India during the lockdown period. Furthermore, the changes in pollution levels showed a significant reduction in the first three phases of lockdown and a steady increase during subsequent phase of lockdown and unlock period. Our results show the substantial effect of lockdown on reduction in atmospheric loading of key anthropogenic pollutants due to less-to-no impact from industrial activities and vehicular emissions, and relatively clean transport of air masses from the upwind region. These results indicate that by adopting cleaner fuel technology and avoiding poor combustion activities across the urban agglomerations in India could bring down ambient levels of air pollution at least by 30%. Copyright © 2021 Mishra, Rajput, Singh, Singh and Mall.
Effect of Methanolic Extract of Phyllanthus niruri on Leptin Level in Animal Model of Diabetes Mellitus
(Oriental Scientific Publishing Company, 2019) Anuj Kumar; Akhilesh Kumar Rana; Amit Singh; Alok Singh
To study the effect of methanolic extract of Phyllanthus niruri on animal model of Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Mellitus was induced in rats by injecting Streptozotocin (60mg/ kg) intraperitonealy. Blood glucose was measured on day 3by GOD-POD method. Rats having fasting blood glucose >250 mg/dl were further selected for study. Four groups were created i.e. Control, Control+Streptozotocin, Streptozotocin+ Metformin(75mg/kg) and Streptozotocin+ extract of P. niruri (250mg/kg). Each group was consisting of 6 rats of either sex. Metformin and experimentalextract were administered for 21 days. Blood Glucose was measured on day 7 and 21. Triglyceride, Cholesterol and Leptin level were also measure by commercially available kit. Anti-oxidant potential was assessed by estimating extent of Lipid peroxidation (LPO) by Malondialdehyde (MDA), Nitric oxide (NO), Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Glutathione (GSH) in four different tissues i.e. Liver, Kidney, Pancreas, Muscle on day 21. Unpaired and paired student’s t-test were applied for statistical analysis using SPSS Software. The extract of P. niruri showed significant decrease in blood glucose level on day 21 (p-0.04). The treatment didn’t show significant lowering of Leptin and Cholesterol level however Triglyceride level was significantly reduced (p-0.05). The treatment group showed improvement in oxidative stress by increasing SOD and GSH and decreasing LPO and NO activity. The study showed anti-hyperglycemic and anti-oxidative properties of methanolic extract of P.niruri. © 2019 Oriental Scientific Publishing Company. All rights reserved.
Enhanced sustained release of furosemide in long circulating chitosan-conjugated PLGA nanoparticles
(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2019) Sapna Kashyap; Amit Singh; Abha Mishra; Vikas Singh
Furosemide (FSM) is commonly used in the treatment of edema associated with congestive cardiac failure, cirrhosis of the liver, renal disease, including the nephrotic syndrome and hypertension. However, in ascites, it is clinically limited due to its frequent dosing and short biological half-life and its prolonged-release preparations are not available. Therefore, the main objective behind the present research work is to develop chitosan coated and conjugated poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanocarriers, to sustain the delivery of FSM with improved systemic circulation. Emulsion-solvent evaporation technique was used for the preparation of nanoparticles. In-vivo pharmacokinetic study showed 2.6, 3.10, and 4.30 folds enhancement in relative availability of FSM for FSM-PLGA, FSM-chitosan-coated-PLGA and FSM-chitosan-conjugated-PLGA nanoparticles, respectively than FSM. The present research work concluded that FSM loaded chitosan conjugated PLGA nanoparticles could enhance the systemic circulation of FSM with improved pharmacokinetics parameters. © 2019 Medknow Publications.All rights reserved.
Erratum to: Pyogenic Granuloma - Hyperplastic Lesion of the Gingiva: Case Reports (The Open Dentistry Journal, (2012), 6, (153-156))
(2012) Pushpendra Kumar Verma; Ruchi Srivastava; H.C. Baranwal; T.P. Chaturvedi; Anju Gautam; Amit Singh
Pyogenic granuloma is a reactive hyperplasia of connective tissue in response to local irritants. It is a tumourlike growth of the oral cavity, frequently located surrounding the anterior teeth or skin that is considered to be neoplastic in nature. It usually arises in response to various stimuli such as low-grade local irritation, traumatic injury, hormonal factors, or certain kinds of drugs. Histologically, the surface epithelium may be intact, or may show foci of ulcerations or even exhibiting hyperkeratosis. It overlies a mass of dense connective tissue composed of significant amounts of mature collagen. Gingiva is the most common site affected followed by buccal mucosa, tongue and lips. Pyogenic granuloma in general, does not occur when excised along with the base and its causative factors. This paper presents some cases of a pyogenic granuloma managed by surgical intervention.