Browsing by Author "Amitava Rakshit"

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A consortium of arbuscular mycorrizal fungi improves nutrient uptake, biochemical response, nodulation and growth of the pea (Pisum sativum L.) under salt stress
(Elsevier B.V., 2020) Manoj Parihar; Amitava Rakshit; Kiran Rana; Rajendra Prasad Meena; Dinesh Chandra Joshi
The present study was conducted to examine the accumulation of nutrients, antioxidant enzymes activity, growth and yield of pea influenced by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) under salt stress. This study included four treatments i.e. single species AMF (Rhizophagus intraradices), formulated AMF (Funneliformis mosseae and Rhizophagus intraradices), and multi species AMF (Rhizophagus fasciculatus and Gigaspora sp.) along with control (non-mycorrhizal). The AMF inoculation found to be effective in reducing the negative effects of salt stress by improving the antioxidant enzyme system, greater ionic balance, and by regulating the malondialdehyde and phenolic compounds, which resulted in higher growth and yield of pea. Seed yield increased by ~24, 40 and 54% in Rhizophagus intraradices, Funneliformis mosseae + Rhizophagus intraradices and Rhizophagus fasciculatus + Gigaspora sp. respectively in comparison to control treatments. Overall, consortium based application of AMF belonging to different family i.e. multi species (Rhizophagus fasciculatus and Gigaspora sp.) was found superior than single AMF inoculation to improve the pea production under salt stress environment. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.
A state of the art review in crop residue burning in India: Previous knowledge, present circumstances and future strategies
(Elsevier B.V., 2022) Asik Dutta; Abhik Patra; Kali K. Hazra; Chaitanya P. Nath; Narendra Kumar; Amitava Rakshit
Sustainable management of surplus paddy residue in the Indo-Gangetic plain is a back-breaking task for farmers due to lack of viable options. Eventually, farmers prefer to incinerate it mindlessly. Sustainable residue management is important because paddy straws are rich in nutrients and can be translated into value added products. Several important reasons like short time span for sowing wheat, limited farm mechanisation, scarce manpower and poor acceptability of paddy straw as fodder are the root causes behind this residue burning. The aim of this paper is to find the fundamental causes behind this illicit practice and mark the harmful effects of residue burning on ecosystem. This manuscript also deciphers in depth strategies, environmental laws, socio-economic policy frameworks and future thrusts which would offer multifaceted avenues for the sustainable management of crop residues. Losses of essential nutrients from the soil and in the residue, along with emission of potential greenhouse gases (GHGs) are the major repercussions of this mal-practice. Adaption and commercialisation of resource conservation technologies like conservation agriculture (CA) with low silica content in rice varieties are excellent opportunities to look after. Value addition by preparation of compost, mushroom production, biogas/oil generation, and producing energy in the power plants are new avenues to convert this waste into wealth. Respective state and central government along with different private organisations are working hand in hand to spread awareness and control stubble burning. Fostering the current technologies through policy interventions and organising training camps in the village level with monetary incentives are the important strategies to look for. © 2022 The Author(s)
Active and Passive Carbon Fractions in Contrasting Cropping Systems, Tillage Practices, and Soil Types
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2023) S. Rakesh; Abhas Kumar Sinha; Deepranjan Sarkar; Dewali Roy; Divya Bodiga; Samaresh Sahoo; Prakash Kumar Jha; Pradeep Kumar Dubey; Amitava Rakshit
The rate of change in the relative amount of active and passive carbon (AC and PC) due to the land management practices (cropping systems combined with tillage) may vary with soil types depending on their level of chemical and/or physical protection from the decomposition but has rarely been directly measured. We have quantified the C storage potentiality of different soil types, namely old alluvial Inceptisol of Malda and recent alluvial Entisol of Coochbehar in West Bengal (subtropical eastern India) under the influence of different cropping systems (rice-maize: RM and rice-wheat: RW) and tillage practices (zero-tillage: ZT and conventional tillage: CT). The key objective was to demonstrate the short-term impact of conservation agriculture (CA) on soil C dynamics over the conventional practice. Research revealed that after short-term CA, total organic carbon (TOC), AC, PC, and total nitrogen (TN) showed significant (p < 0.05) improvement under the RM cropping system over the RW. The highest TOC content under the RM cropping system was recorded in the sites of Malda over the Coochbehar sites. The ZT significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced the TOC in the upper layers (0–5 and 5–10 cm) and the CT showed improvements in the lower depths (10–20 cm). We observed some irregular variations in the interactions of the cropping system and tillage with respect to different sites. However, the ZT performed better in improving C fractions under RM and RW as compared to CT. The TOC and TN stocks were maximum in the lower depth which was evident in both soil types. The TOC linearly regressed on TN accounted for 94.2% variability (R2 = 0.942) of the C accumulation in soil and vice-versa. The PC was in a significant relationship with TN (R2 = 0.943), but AC was moderately regressed (R2 = 0.851). Lower stratification ratio values in Coochbehar soils (sandy loam in texture) indicated higher profile distribution of AC and PC in the soil profile; while in the Inceptisol, accumulation of the C fractions on the soil surface due to heavy texture resulted in the higher stratification values. The novelty of this study is that old alluvial Inceptisol showed a comparatively greater amount of AC and PC storage capability in comparison with the new alluvial Entisol. Conclusively, our study demonstrated that the adoption of conservation agriculture (CA practice/ZT) in cropping systems with higher C biomass input would significantly enhance the AC and PC fractions; however, the amount of storage is highly governed by the soil type and climatic factors. © 2023 by the authors.
Adaptive soil management: From theory to practices
(Springer Singapore, 2017) Amitava Rakshit; Purushothaman Chirakuzhyil Abhilash; Harikesh Bahadur Singh; Subhadip Ghosh
The book focuses in detail on learning and adapting through partnerships between managers, scientists, and other stake-holders who learn together how to create and maintain sustainable resource systems. As natural areas shrink and fragment, our ability to sustain economic growth and safeguard biological diversity and ecological integrity is increasingly being put to the test. In attempting to meet this unprecedented challenge, adaptive management is becoming a viable alternative for broader application. Adaptive management is an iterative decision-making process which is both operationally and conceptually simple and which incorporates users to acknowledge and account for uncertainty, and sustain an operating environment that promotes its reduction through careful planning, evaluation, and learning until the desired results are achieved. This multifaceted approach requires clearly defined management objectives to guide decisions about what actions to take, and explicit assumptions about expected outcomes to compare against actual outcomes. In this edited book, we address the issue by pursuing a holistic and systematic approach that utilizes natural resources to reap sustainable environmental, economic and social benefits for adaptive management, helping to ensure that relationships between land, water and plants are managed in ways that mimic nature. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2017. All rights reserved.
Addressing stresses in agriculture through bio-priming intervention
(Springer Singapore, 2018) Deepranjan Sarkar; Sumita Pal; M. Mehjabeen; Vivek Singh; Sonam Singh; Subhadip Pul; Jancy Garg; Amitava Rakshit; H.B. Singh
Concurrent occurrences of different stresses, i.e. biotic and abiotic, are very common in the environment of plants which consequently reduce yield. As cost-effective options are very limited, bio-priming is a suitable tool to address the numerous challenges associated with agriculture. Plant growth benefits are easily attainable through this technique while managing the natural resources and enhancing the environmental sustainability. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2018. All rights reserved.
Advances in Organic Farming: Agronomic Soil Management Practices
(Elsevier, 2021) Vijay Singh Meena; Sunita Kumari Meena; Amitava Rakshit; Johnson Stanley; Cherukumalli Srinivasarao
Advances in Organic Farming: Agronomic Soil Management Practices focuses on the integrated interactions between soil-plant-microbe-environment elements in a functioning ecosystem. It explains sustainable nutrient management under organic farming and agriculture, with chapters focusing on the role of nutrient management in sustaining global ecosystems, the remediation of polluted soils, conservation practices, degradation of pollutants, biofertilizers and biopesticides, critical biogeochemical cycles, potential responses for current and impending environmental change, and other critical factors. Organic farming is both challenging and exciting, as its practice of “feeding the soil, not the plant” provides opportunity to better understand why some growing methods are preferred over others. In the simplest terms, organic growing is based on maintaining a living soil with a diverse population of micro and macro soil organisms. Organic matter (OM) is maintained in the soil through the addition of compost, animal manure, green manures and the avoidance of excess mechanization. © 2021 Elsevier Inc.
Advances in seed priming
(Springer Singapore, 2018) Amitava Rakshit; Harikesh Bahadur Singh
Most crop plants grow in environments that are suboptimal, which prevents the plants from attaining their full genetic potential for growth and reproduction. Stress due to abiotic and biotic agents has a significant effect on world food production. Annually, an estimated 15% of global yields are lost, but this figure belies far greater losses for specific food systems and the people whose existence is dependent upon them, particularly in developing countries. Current efforts to mitigate these losses are worryingly over-reliant on the use of sophisticated and costly chemicals /measures with substantial economic and environmental costs, or on the development of efficient and smart crop varieties, which can take decades. What we need is a broad range of safe, robust and equitable solutions for food producers. One under-investigated approach is that of utilizing the crop plant's innate immune system to resist stress. More specifically, the innate immune system can be sensitized or 'primed' to respond more quickly and strongly to protect the plant against stresses. However, a strategy of employing priming in combination with reduced pesticide use can enhance protection, and help to meet commitments to reducing chemical inputs in agriculture. This book discusses in detail different segments of priming in addressing stress factors and traits to increase competitiveness against all odds. Adopting a holistic and systematic approach, it addresses priming to counter climate-change related adverse effects coupled with pest and pathogen related stress on the productivity of crops utilizing natural resources to reap sustainable environmental, economic and social benefits for potential productivity of crops, maintaining synergy between soil, water and plants in ways that mimic nature. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2018. All rights reserved.
Agricultural Soil Sustainability and Carbon Management
(Elsevier, 2023) Sunita Kumari Meena; Ademir De Oliveira Ferreira; Vijay Singh Meena; Amitava Rakshit; Rajendra P. Shrestha; Ch. Srinivasa Rao; Kadambot H.M Siddique
Agricultural Soil Sustainability and Carbon Management presents long-term research in the field of sustainable soil use and management to guide in the prioritizing the multifunctional value of soil health and addressing interdisciplinary links between major issues such as biodiversity and climate change. As soil is the largest terrestrial carbon pool and a significant contributor of greenhouse gases, much progress can be made toward curtailing the climate crisis by sustainable soil management practices. The book provides valuable insight into the soil and carbon management, research gaps, and the methodological challenges for research into soil carbon management that will be important over the decades. © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Agrientreprenuiral Feasibility of High-value Vegetable Crops for Small-holder Farmers for Supplementing Inorganic Fertilizer with Bioinoculants
(AESSRA, 2024) Roopa Patel; Amitava Rakshit
The study conducted at the Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, during the Rabi season of 2022-2023, focuses on assessing the economic feasibility and sustainable productivity of seedling bio-priming coupled with reduced inorganic fertilizer doses for high-value vegetable crops. Utilizing Trichoderma harzianum (TH) and Bacillus subtilis (BS) in seedling bio-priming, the experiment examined three crops under varied mineral fertilizer conditions. Results indicate that employing microbial consortia in high-value vegetable cultivation is economically viable for smallholder farmers, with a high cost-benefit ratio. The combination of T. harzianum + B. subtilis along with 75% recommended dose of NPK fertilizer emerged as the most effective treatment for enhancing productivity. In conclusion, incorporating efficient microbes will reduce the dependence on chemical fertilizers, promoting sustainable production, and ensuring the technical and economic viability of high-value vegetable cultivation for smallholder farmers. © 2024 AESSRA. All rights reserved.
Amalgamation of Farmers’ Bio-priming Knowledge in Integrated Nutrient Management for Sustainable Management of Red Cabbage Soil Under Middle Gangetic Plains, India
(Springer, 2023) Deepranjan Sarkar; Amitava Rakshit
Biotic stress management through bio-priming is a common practice among the farmers of the Indo-Gangetic Plains. However, this indigenous technology is less explored for the sustainable management of soil resources. Therefore, field-based experiments (2016–17 and 2017–18) were conducted in Varanasi to evaluate the combined effect of seedling bio-priming and fertilization on biochemical properties, microbiological properties, and fertility of red cabbage soil at harvest. Based on the farmers’ fertilization practice, the recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) of N:P2O5:K2O were applied @ 120:60:60 kg ha−1. Three compatible bio-agents, viz., Trichoderma harzianum, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Bacillus subtilis were applied alone and in combination with 75% RDF. The effect of treatment combinations was also analyzed for carbon (C) mineralization by conducting an incubation experiment for 90 days. Bio-priming treatments recorded a higher richness of soil microflora and soil fertility than control and sole application of chemical fertilizers. Application of 75% RDF + T. harzianum + P. fluorescens resulted in highest urease and cellulase activities and soil organic C. Inclusion of dual-species bacterial consortium (P. fluorescens and B. subtilis) in integrated system resulted in highest dehydrogenase activity and available P. These priming agents also exhibited significantly higher CO2 fluxes and C mineralization in our incubation study. A microbial consortium of T. harzianum and B. subtilis increased the microbial biomass C and available K. Although application of triple-species consortium improved C mineralization in laboratory conditions, the positive effects lowered down in field conditions. As a bottom-up approach, customization of bio-priming technology among farmers will help in attaining the UN-Sustainable Development Goals. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
Application of Biogas Slurry in Combination with Chemical Fertilizer Enhances Grain Yield and Profitability of Maize (Zea Mays L.)
(Bellwether Publishing, Ltd., 2020) Zannatul Ferdous; Hayat Ullah; Avishek Datta; Ahmed Attia; Amitava Rakshit; Samim Hossain Molla
Biogas slurry is a by-product of biogas production, which is generated from anaerobic digestion of animal waste and crop residue. It is generally considered a waste material. However, its application can improve soil health, crop yield, and profitability of the farmers as it is a rich source of organic matter and plant nutrients. Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the combined effect of biogas slurry and chemical fertilizer on grain yield of maize and economic return. The treatments were soil test-based chemical fertilizer, chemical fertilizer + cow dung manure (5 t h–1) or poultry manure (3 t h–1), chemical fertilizer + cow dung biogas slurry (5 t h–1) or poultry biogas slurry (3 t h–1) along with traditional farmer practice as the control. Application of biogas slurry from cow dung or poultry manure in combination with chemical fertilizer resulted in 20–24% higher grain yield along with 22–23% greater gross return and 52–53% more gross margin compared with the traditional farmer practice indicating the beneficial effect of integrated application of biogas slurry and chemical fertilizer on maize productivity and financial return. Integrated application of biogas slurry and chemical fertilizer has a good potential in maize production as it provides higher grain yield and economic profitability. © 2020 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Arbuscular mycorrhiza: A versatile component for alleviation of salt stress
(Technoscience Publications, 2016) Manoj Parihar; Amitava Rakshit
Salt-affected soil is one of the most serious abiotic stress that causes reduced plant growth, development and productivity worldwide. Plants, in their natural environment, are colonized both by external and internal microorganisms. These microorganisms, particularly beneficial bacteria and fungi, can improve plant performance under stress environments and, consequently, enhance yield. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are associated with the roots of over 80% terrestrial plant species including halophytes, hydrophytes and xerophytes. In this respect, bioreclamation using mycorrhiza for alleviating salt stress would be a better option. AM fungi promote plant growth and salinity tolerance by different ways, such as enhancing nutrient acquisition, producing plant growth hormones, improving rhizospheric and soil conditions, altering the physiological and biochemical properties of the host and defending roots against soil-borne pathogens.
Arbuscular mycorrhiza: a viable strategy for soil nutrient loss reduction
(Springer Verlag, 2019) Manoj Parihar; Vijay Singh Meena; Pankaj Kumar Mishra; Amitava Rakshit; Mahipal Choudhary; Ram Prakash Yadav; Kiran Rana; Jaideep Kumar Bisht
Arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi’s (AMF) role in plant nutrition and stress management is well known, but very few researches and studies have been conducted so far on the fungal ability to reduce different nutrient losses (runoff, leaching and volatilization) from the soil system. This important ecosystem service of AMF had been neglected largely. From the recent findings, it has been confirmed that mycorrhizal symbiosis has potential to check the losses of applied nutrients. The role of soil biota in nutrient cycling is indispensable and determines the nutrient availability to plants. Among these biota, AMF’s association with plants is the most prevalent, but the exact mechanisms followed by AMF in nutrient cycling, transformation and reducing nutrient loss ability are still inconclusive. In this review, we will try to unlock this particular aspect of AMF which is important to achieve global food demand in a sustainable way. © 2019, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Sustainable Agriculture: Inoculum Production and Application
(Springer Nature, 2024) Manoj Parihar; Amitava Rakshit; Alok Adholeya; Yinglong Chen
This 2-volume book is an up-to-date overview of current progress in Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal (AMF) technique development, inoculum production and its quality regulations, application in agriculture, horticulture, agroforestry, and other ecosystems, along with nutrient management for sustainable food production. It contains the current advancement in basic and molecular techniques, challenges, opportunities, and determinates of various AMF production methods and major tools and techniques for their field application. Production and development of AMF is rapidly evolving and requires a multidisciplinary approach with up-to-date knowledge to broaden and strengthen the perspective of researchers involved in this domain. The volumes offer new insight and cutting-edge information for novices and experts such as students, academicians, researchers, environmentalists, industrialists, and others interested in mycorrhiza. The first volume covers some basic isolation techniques, enumeration, and molecular studies with recent advances in various in-vitro and in-vivo production technologies, regulatory issues, and application methodologies for field inoculation. It also discusses AMF application in various agroecosystems for sustainable agricultural production and a healthier planet. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Sustainable Agriculture: Nutrient and Crop Management
(Springer Nature, 2024) Manoj Parihar; Alok Adholeya; Amitava Rakshit; Yinglong Chen
This 2 volume book is an up-to-date overview of current progress in Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal (AMF) technique development, inoculum production and its quality regulations, application in agriculture, horticulture, agroforestry and other ecosystems along with nutrient management for sustainable food production. It offers new insight and cutting-edge information for novices and experts such as students, academicians, researchers, environmentalists, industrialists, and other individuals interested in the field of mycorrhiza.AMF provides favorable rhizospheric environment to the plant with numerous direct and indirect mechanisms, in exchange of soil nutrients and photosynthetically fixed carbon. Other than the species composition and diversity determination of natural ecosystem, AMF play a vital role in maintaining the soil quality, agricultural sustainability and environmental integrity. The second volume provide comprehensive knowledge on AMF role in nutrient cycling, nutrient exchange and their acquisition under normal and stress condition. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi mediated salt tolerance by regulating antioxidant enzyme system, photosynthetic pathways and ionic equilibrium in pea (Pisum sativum L.)
(Akademiai Kiado Rt., 2020) Manoj Parihar; Amitava Rakshit; Kiran Rana; Gopal Tiwari; Surendra Singh Jatav
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi play an important role in improving the plant tolerance to salt stress. In the present study, we investigated the influence of AM fungi inoculation on various physiological, biochemical and nutritional aspects of pea grown under salt stress. The AM fungi inoculation successfully reduced the negative effects of salinity by improving the antioxidant enzyme system, a greater accumulation of compatible organic solutes, a higher content of photosynthetic pigment and a balanced uptake of nutrients, which resulted in higher growth and yield. Seed yield was found to be significantly higher by ~ 24, 40 and 54% in T2 (Rhizoglomus intraradices), T3 (Funneliformis mosseae and R. intraradices) and T4 (Rhizoglomus fasciculatum and Gigaspora sp.), respectively, as compared to nonmycorrhizal plants. Overall, a mixed application of R fasciculatum and Gigaspora sp. was superior to other mycorrhizal treatments, which can be attributed to specific compatibility relationships or functional complementarity that exists between symbionts. © 2020, Akadémiai Kiadó Zrt.
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi: Abundance, Interaction with Plants and Potential Biological Applications
(Springer, 2020) Manoj Parihar; Manoj Chitara; Priyanaka Khati; Asha Kumari; Pankaj Kumar Mishra; Amitava Rakshit; Kiran Rana; Vijay Singh Meena; Ashish Kumar Singh; Mahipal Choudhary; Jaideep Kumar Bisht; Hanuman Ram; Arunava Pattanayak; Gopal Tiwari; Surendra Singh Jatav
Beneficial microbes associated with plant roots play an important role to achieve higher agriculture production for burgeoning population in sustainable way. Among various microbes, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi interaction with higher land plants is unique as they occupy position both inside and outside of roots. AM fungi as a natural symbionts of land plants provide various ecological services, in particular by improving plant water and nutrition availability, soil health and fertility, alleviating stress condition and wasteland management. Mycorrhizae as a broader group of fungi include seven types of members, i.e. arbuscular, ecto, ectendo, arbutoid, monotropoid, ericoid and orchidaceous, while arbuscular and ectomycorrhizae are the most abundant and ubiquitous. In this chapter, we focus on AM fungi and provide an overview on mycorrhizal interaction, benefits, processes, production development and potential application domain under various conditions. Along with recent advances in AM fungi role under various stress condition, reclamation of problematic wastelands and production aspects, we also discuss about the basic features of AM fungi with past developments to provide an overall glimpse of this plant-fungal interaction. In spite of its growing trends, AM fungi’s current application and market sharing are far below to full potential. Regarding this, current challenges, constraints and strategies for future road map to overcome these problems are also discussed briefly. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020.
Assessment of hydrologic impact on flow regime due to dam inception using IHA framework
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Ashish Kumar; Vinod Kumar Tripathi; Pradeep Kumar; Amitava Rakshit
In the last century, thousands of dams and diversions have been built to regulate the streamflow, resulting in water impoundment in the upstream and frequent drought conditions in the downstream. It has pressured researchers to study flow regime change and its complication on the downstream biota. The present study planned to develop a framework for trend analyzing of river flow and detecting flow regime change after the inception of Isapur and Arunavati dams, situated on the upstream side of Penganga bridge. Mann–Kendall (MK) and Sen’s slope estimator for trend analysis and Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration (IHA) for flow regime alteration analysis were utilized. A total 26 parameters showed negatively altered flow regime with a magnitude varying from − 5.56 to − 100%. Fourteen altered parameters were modified drastically (more than 50% decrease) with the highest modification in 30-day maximum (100%) post-single dam inception. a total of 13 parameters were negatively altered with alteration value − 9.09 to − 86.36% post-double dam inception, out of which, three parameters were severely altered, with the highest alteration in the month of June. The period (1983–1994) was more altered than 1995–2016. This shows that Isapur dam has higher impact on flow regime change than Arunavati dam. Information about alteration of hydrological parameters will be helpful to improve the water flow regulation at Isapur and Arunavati dams for restoring river ecology on the downstream side. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
Bio-inoculants as Prospective Inputs for Achieving Sustainability: Indian Story
(AESSRA, 2020) Chinmay Gupta; Mahesh Kumar Yadav; Vishram Meena; Ambuj Singh; H.B. Singh; B.K. Sarma; S.P. Singh; Amitava Rakshit
Increasing consumption of synthetic chemical fertilizers played a great role in alleviating hunger but has also resulted in some adverse effects on natural resources like disaster in soil quality and conceivable outcomes of water pollution. Due to these unfavorable effects, emphasis is being laid on alternate forms of agriculture that are more sustainable. The development of bioinoculant with multi-crop growth promoting activities is most important for sustenance of agriculture. Instead of being financially viable and ecoaccommodating in nature, a few imperatives incorporate temperamental supplies and non-appearance of appropriate quality control limit the application or execution of the innovation. In the present review status, use and major manufacturer/industries involved for production of bioinoculants in India has been presented. The total number of units including public, private and cooperatives estimated to be 297. Maharashtra is having the highest number of private companies (68) followed by Gujarat (56) while Tamil Nadu have the highest number public sector units (7) and Delhi is having highest number of cooperatives units (3). Production data (carrier base in MT) revealed that Gujarat (6575 MT) topped the list first followed by Madhya Pradesh and Karnatka (2589.9 MT) during 2016-17. Zone wise bio-fertilizer production in India during the same period is highest in Karnatka both in carrier based formulation (31553.06 MT) and liquid based formulation (993.443 KL). © 2019 EA. All rights reserved.
Bio-inoculants in Horticultural Crops
(Elsevier, 2024) Amitava Rakshit; Vijay Singh Meena; Leonardo Fernandes Fraceto; Manoj Parihar; Adalberto Benavides Mendonza; H.B. Singh
Bio-inoculants in Horticultural Crops, Volume Three in the Advances in Bio-inoculant series, focuses on real-time application of novel microbes that have been proven to enhance and improve plant health and productivity. The book provides comprehensive information on a range of biological approaches and mechanisms for the improvement of horticultural crops being practiced in different production systems. Covering the subject from historical developments to recent advances in microbial interventions, it addresses the potential role and bio-mechanism of bio-inoculants for challenges including stress tolerance, production, commercialization, application methodology, challenges and future roadmap for sustainable production system of horticultural crops. This volume will be useful to scientists, academicians, and students of horticulture, agriculture microbiology, plant protection, and other related subjects. © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.