Browsing by Author "Amrita Ghosh"

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Acetylcholinesterase histochemistry: A very useful technique in the diagnosis of Hirschsprung’s disease
(EL-MED-Pub, 2022) Brijesh K. Tripathi; Amrita Ghosh; Vaibhav Pandey; Ajay N. Gangopadhyay; Sarita Chawdhary; Shiv P. Sharma
Hirschsprung’s disease (HD) is a common congenital paediatric disorder. The gold standard for its diagnosis is the demonstration of the absence of ganglion cells on H&E stained sections from a spastic segment of the bowel, still at times; conclusive diagnosis of HD is difficult. This study was done to assess the accuracy of rapid Hematoxylin & Eosin (H&E) staining and AChE histochemistry in combination for the diagnosis of HD, especially in frozen section specimens. Samples from 36 clinically suspected HD cases were evaluated for the presence or absence of ganglion cells on H&E staining on both fresh-frozen and paraffin-embedded sections, whereas AChE staining was done on frozen sections only. Of the 36 cases of frozen section specimens from the spastic region of the colon, GCs were absent in 28 cases on H&E staining while positive staining patterns on AChE histochemistry were observed in 29 cases. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections showed the absence of GC on H&E staining in 28 cases. The sensitivity and specificity of frozen sections with rapid H&E were 77.78% and 81.82% while the sensitivity and specificity of AChE histochemistry were 80.56% and 81.82% respectively in the diagnosis of HD. Application of AChE histochemistry as an ancillary technique on frozen sections specimens of HD in combination with rapid H&E staining is very useful for definitive diagnosis of HD. © 2022 Tripathi BK et al.
Acquired dorsal intraspinal epidermoid cyst in an adult female
(Medknow Publications, 2016) Kulwant Singh; Sharad Pandey; Praveen Gupta; Vivek Sharma; Deepa Santhosh; Amrita Ghosh
Background: Epidermoid and dermoid cyst comprise <1% of spinal tumors and may be congenital (hamartoma) or acquired (iatrogenic) in origin. Epidermoid cysts within the neuraxis are rare benign neoplasms that are most commonly located in the intracranial region. Case Description: Here, we report the a case of an acquired intradural extramedullary epidermoid cyst involving the thoracic region in an adult female who had no associated history of an accompanying congenital spinal deformity. Conclusion: Early diagnosis and immediate surgical intervention reduce patient morbidity. Near complete or subtotal excision of the cyst wall is warranted to prevent inadvertent injury to the spinal cord thus minimizing neurological morbidity. © 2016 Surgical Neurology International.
Askin tumor: A rare neoplasm of thoracopulmonary region
(Medknow Publications, 2016) Ankur Singh; Abhishek Abhinay; Abhishek Kumar; Rajniti Prasad; Amrita Ghosh; Om Prakash Mishra
Askin tumor is a rare neoplasm of thoracopulmonary region. But it mimics other common pediatric disorders, such as empyema, lymphoma, and tuberculosis, posing a great diagnostic and therapeutic challenge to the treating clinicians. So it is of utmost importance to make an early diagnosis and proper referral/treatment in such cases. We highlighted diagnostic challenge, treatment, and favorable outcome of a case that presented to us. © 2016 Indian Chest Society.
Bilateral mirror image cervical neurofibroma in an adult with neurofibromatosis type 1
(Penerbit Universiti Sains Malaysia, 2017) Sharad Pandey; Kulwant Singh; Vivek Sharma; Mohammed Tabish Khan; Amrita Ghosh; Deepa Santhosh
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterised by various phenotypic features like hyperpigmented spots, neurofibromas, Lisch nodules, skeletal abnormalities and tendency to develop neoplasms. Only few cases of Non-Familial Spinal Neurofibromatosis-1 (Non-FSNF1) have been described in literature with tumors involving the spinal roots at every level being even rarer. We reported an interesting case of bilateral symmetrical cervical neurofibroma with multiple spinal neurofibromas appearing as mirror image on CT, associated with non familial NF-1 as a rare presentation in a 25-year-old adult male. © Penerbit Universiti Sains Malaysia, 2017.
Clear cell sarcoma of the paraspinal ligament - A rare tumor at an unusual location: A review
(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2016) Sharad Pandey; Anirudha Puntambekar; Vivek Sharma; Kulwant Singh; Deepa Santhosh; Amrita Ghosh; Abhijeet Kunwar
[No abstract available]
Dorsal spinal epidural psammomatous meningioma in an adult male
(Medknow Publications, 2016) Sharad Pandey; Kulwant Singh; Vivek Sharma; Amrita Ghosh; Saurabh Suman
Meningiomas are benign in nature and arise from the arachnoid cells. They are mostly situated in the intracranial compartment, whereas spinal meningiomas are rare. Approximately, in 10% of cases, an extradural component is seen but an exclusively extradural meningioma is quite uncommon. However, WHO Grade II (atypical) and Grade III (anaplastic) tumors can behave aggressively. We reported a case of purely extradural psammomatous meningioma in an adult male affecting the dorsal spine although uncommon meningiomas should be included in the differential diagnosis of extradural intraspinal masses.
Fetus-in-fetu: A tale of the trapped triplets
(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2023) Ruchira Nandan; Seth Kachhap; Pratishtha Sengar; Amrita Ghosh; Vaibhav Pandey; Manish Indal
A 7-day-old male child presented with abdominal distention and jaundice. Radiological investigations revealed an encapsulated sac encasing three fetus-in-fetu (FIF) in the retroperitoneum. Laparotomy revealed a sac occupying almost the whole of the abdomen. The sac was stretching the duodenum and barely visible common bile duct, which were carefully separated. The rest of the bowel was displaced to the left. The sac containing three FIFs was excised intact. One of the fetuses was highly differentiated and had thoracic meningomyelocele, which has never been reported in FIF. © 2023 Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications. All rights reserved.
Human papillomavirus infection & anal cytological abnormalities in HIV-positive men in eastern India
(BioMed Central Ltd., 2018) Abhilasha Gautam; Jaya Chakravarty; Vijay Kumar Singh; Amrita Ghosh; Shashi Bhushan Chauhan; Madhukar Rai; Shyam Sundar
Background: Oncogenic Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are closely associated with anal cancer which is high among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected males. There are no data regarding anal HPV infection and cytological abnormalities in HIV positive males receiving free therapy in the national program. Thus, this cross-sectional study was performed to assess the prevalence and risk factors of anal HPV infection and cytological abnormalities in HIV positive males. Methods: We screened 126 HIV-positive male patients attending the antiretroviral treatment center (ART) between 2014 and 2015 with anal papanicolaou smear cytology and HPV-DNA testing. HPV-DNA was detected by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method with two consensus primer sets E6 and MY09/11 and further analyzed for the presence of various HPV genotype by Sanger sequencing. Risk factors associated with anal cytological abnormalities and HPV infection was analyzed by using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models. Results: Out of 126, 52 were on antiretroviral therapy. 91% were married to female partners but during the study 48 (38%) gave positive history of anal intercourse with other men. Anal cytology was done in 95 patients, out of which 60 (63.15%) had cytological abnormalities. LSIL (low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions) was present in 27 (45%), ASCUS (atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance) in 31 (52%) and ASC-H (atypical squamous cells cannot exclude a high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion) in 2 (3.33%). In multivariate analysis, the risk factors for cytological abnormality were presence of history of anal intercourse (OR, 6.1; 95% CI, 2.0-18.7) and WHO stage III & IV (OR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.1-7.5). HPV-DNA was detected in 33/119 (27.73%) patients. The most prevalent HPV type in the study was HPV-16 (10.08%), other HPV types detected were 18,31,35,17,66,72,52,68 and 107 (17.65%). Conclusions: High prevalence of anal cytological abnormalities in our study suggests that regular anal Pap smear screening should be done in HIV positive males in the ART center. © 2018 The Author(s).
Increase in the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase on exposure to bisphenol A: A possible cause for decline in steroidogenesis in male mice
(Elsevier, 2015) Shikha Chouhan; Satyndra Kumar Yadav; Jay Prakash; Susan Westfall; Amrita Ghosh; Neeraj Kumar Agarwal; Surya Pratap Singh
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a well-known plasticizer and xenoestrogen that is responsible for many acquired reproductive difficulties, especially in men. Despite the prevalence of BPA in society, the mechanism behind reproductive deficits remains elusive. The present study investigates the mode of BPA's action by evaluating its effect on the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and steriodogenic acute regulatoryprotein (StAR) in male mice testis. Swiss albino mice were treated with a range BPA concentrations of 0.5, 50 and 100. μg/kg body weight/day intraperitoneally for 60 days. Several markers of oxidative stress and male fertility were investigated. Nitrite levels, malondialdehyde levels and testicular injury scores were elevated whereas the sperm count, serum testosterone levels and catalase activity were reduced in the BPA groups. Mechanistically, an increase in iNOS expression was observed in the testis whereas the expression of the StAR was down regulated in the BPA treated mouse. These results suggest that BPA induces oxidative stress by altering the expression of iNOS, which consequently leads to the down regulation of StAR expression in the testis of male mouse. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.
Inflammatory malignant fibrous histiocytoma of kidney: A case report
(2008) Amrita Ghosh; U.S. Dwivedi; Abhay Kumar
Among the renal sarcomas, inflammatory malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) is an extremely rare presentation. A 45-year-old woman presented with acute retention urine following an episode of gross hematuria. Computerized tomography showed a solid mass at the lower pole of the left kidney. The patient underwent left nephrectomy. Histologically and immunohistochemically, the tumor was diagnosed as an inflammatory subtype of MFH. Histological appearances of inflammatory MFH vary widely and frequently overlap with benign reactive conditions such as Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGPN) and malignant lesions, e.g. malignant lymphoma and, less frequently, a sarcomatoid variant of renal cell carcinoma. It is important, though difficult, to differentiate inflammatory MFH from these lesions. Careful morphological examination and immunohistochemical findings of the lesion are of great value, in particular in excluding it from its mimics. We discuss the pathological features and challenges involved in differentiating inflammatory MFH from its masquerader. © 2008 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
Limbal stem cell study in contact lens wearers.
(2009) R.P. Bhatia; Rashmi Srivastava; Amrita Ghosh
The effect of soft contact lens on the limbal stem cells was assessed in 30 contact lens wearers, 19 controls, and 17 cases known to cause limbal stem cell deficiency. Different results were seen as compared to controls in all the four quadrants, but more severe in cases known to cause limbal stem cell deficiency.
Lymphnodal Co-infection of Cryptococcus and Histoplasma in a HIV-Infected Patient and Review of Published Reports
(Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2015) Amrita Ghosh; Ragini Tilak; Ravi Bhushan; Neeraj Dhameja; Jaya Chakravarty
Human infection with Histoplasma capsulatum and Cryptococcus runs the gamut from asymptomatic illness to disseminated disease. Though both are the most prevalent systemic mycoses in HIV-infected patients, simultaneous infection by both the pathogens rarely occurs. We document the first case from Asian subcontinent with concurrent infection with disseminated cryptococcosis and histoplasmosis infections in a HIV-infected Indian patient diagnosed by morphological examination of fine-needle aspiration cytology samples obtained from the enlarged lymph nodes on light microscopy and were later confirmed by culture studies. A prompt, accurate and timely diagnosis of the disseminated form of dual mycosis (or either of the mycosis as well) is of utmost importance which has obvious impact on early initiation of treatment. Fine-needle aspiration cytology is a rapid, cost-effective and reliable method to identify infection with Cryptococcus and Histoplasma and is comparable with the essential culture studies. © 2015, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.
Malignant transformation of a pilonidal sinus
(2009) Deborshi Sharma; Arvind Pratap; Amrita Ghosh; Vijay K. Shukla
[No abstract available]
Outcome Analysis of Osseous Ingrowth in an Artificially Created Gap Non-union Using the Novel 3D Biodegradable Polycaprolactone Poly-l-Lactide Polymer Scaffold: Insights from an Experimental Study
(Springer, 2022) Sithardhan Rajendran; Arulkumar Nallakumarasamy; Shyam Kumar Saraf; Amrita Ghosh; Pralay Maiti
Background: Synthetic biopolymers have been widely used to manage bone effects in recent years. The study aims to analyse the ability to repair artificially created ulnar bone defects with the scaffold made of Polycaprolactone (PCL) and investigate the material's feasibility as a bone graft substitute. Method: We have tested a novel 3D biodegradable Polycaprolactone Poly-l-Lactide polymer scaffold in an experimental animal model. 14 adults New Zealand white rabbits were used to create the ulnar defect model of 10 mm in length, and randomly divided into group A (test-12 rabbits), group B (control-3 rabbits). The defect area was implanted with the PCL scaffold in the test group, whereas it was left as such in the control group. The repairing effect was observed by gross, histology, radiology, and the Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Cook's scoring was used to assess the radiological parameters. Results: Histological and radiological results showed better quality of bone regeneration in the defect area at 12 week follow-up period. The SEM image at that period showed impregnation of the osteogenic cells in the surface and pores of the scaffold material. It was evident that the scaffold was thoroughly degraded, corresponding with osteogenesis. New bone formation was statistically significant in the test group than in the control group. Conclusion: The Polycaprolactone Poly-l-Lactide polymer scaffold is biodegradable in-vivo at a suitable half-life. It has an excellent porous structure, no tissue toxicity, excellent mechanical strength, high osteogenesis potential, and osteoconductivity. Therefore, it can be used as bone graft material in the gap non-union and as a void filler in bone defects. © 2022, Indian Orthopaedics Association.
Pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland metastasizing to the scapular region: A case report
(S. Karger AG, 2008) Amrita Ghosh; Arundhati; Anupam Kumar Asthana
Background: Metastasizing pleomorphic adenoma (MPA) is a rare, incompletely understood enigmatic entity having the histologic appearance of benign pleomorphic adenoma and clinically malignant behavior. We report a case of MPA of the parotid gland that metastasized to the scapular region 6 years after the appearance of the primary lesion in the left parotid gland. Case: A 35-year-old woman presented with a palpable soft to firm mass of 3-cm diameter in the left scapular region that was slightly mobile over the underlying structures and a small swelling at the operated site of the parotid region. The patient had a prior history of surgical removal of recurrent pleomorphic adenoma of the left parotid salivary gland. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) smears of both sites demonstrated the 3 components (i.e., stromal, mesenchymal and epithelial) of benign pleomorphic adenoma with benign features. The diagnosis was MPA. Conclusion: The appearance of a mass lesion or subcutaneous nodule with a prior history of pleomorphic adenoma should alert for the possibilities of metastatic carcinoma, metastatic carcinosarcoma and MPA. With well-established cytomorphology of pleomorphic adenoma, FNAC remains the investigation method of choice for metastatic workup of a case of locally recurrent pleomorphic adenoma. © The International Academy of Cytology.
Retrorectal dermoid cyst in an adult
(2008) Deborshi Sharma; R. Nandini; Deepali Goel; Amrita Ghosh; Ram C. Shukla; Vijay K. Shukla
[No abstract available]
Uncommon presentation of choroid plexus papilloma in an infant
(Medknow Publications, 2016) Sharad Pandey; Vivek Sharma; Kulwant Singh; Amrita Ghosh; Praveen Kumar Gupta
Choroid plexus tumors are relatively rare primary brain tumors that arise from the epithelial differentiated tissue, majority being well-differentiated papillomas. In adults, fourth ventricle and in children, lateral ventricles are the most common site of these tumors. We reported a case of choroid plexus papilloma in the temporal horn of lateral ventricle in a female child who presented with the uncommon symptoms of sudden intraventricular hemorrhage and multiple episodes of seizure without symptoms of raised intracranial tension. © 2016 Journal of Pediatric Neurosciences.