Browsing by Author "Anamika Barman"

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ASSESSMENT OF NUTRIENT DYNAMICS OF DIVERSIFIED RICE-WHEAT CROPPING SEQUENCES UNDER INTEGRATED FARMING SYSTEM OF MIDDLE IGP
(Bangladesh Botanical Society, 2022) Priyanka Saha; Jitendra Singh Bohra; Deeptirekha Mahapatra; Harsita Nayak; Tejbal Singh; Anamika Barman
A field experiment was conducted with 10 crop sequences as treatments to find out nutrient dynamics and nutrient uptake pattern. This study was laid out in randomized block design with three replications. Among the different cropping sequence taken under study, sudan fodder- berseem- cowpea fodder recorded highest nitrogen (443.6 kg/ha), phosphorus (146.8 kg/ha) and potassium (306.3 kg/ha) uptake followed by cowpea fodder- berseem- maize fodder with 411, 105.9 and 274 kg/ha nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, respectively. Both these crop sequences showed negative nitrogen balance in soil. Meanwhile potassium balance was negative for most of the sequences. However, high value rice- capsicum - vegetable cowpea registered lowest nitrogen (134.5 kg/ha) and potassium uptake (129.20 kg/ha) leading to a positive nitrogen and potassium balance. © 2022 Bangladesh Botanical Society. All rights reserved.
Biochar enhances carbon stability and regulates greenhouse gas flux under crop production systems
(Elsevier, 2024) Anamika Barman; Anurag Bera; Priyanka Saha; Saptaparnee Dey; Suman Sen; Ram Swaroop Meena; Shiv Vendra Singh; Amit Kumar Singh
Soil carbon is crucial for food security, ecosystem functioning, greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation, and environmental sustainability in extreme climate vulnerabilities. The GHG emissions usually rise along with agronomic practices, anthropogenic activities, paddy cultivation, fertilizer use, and livestock. In this context, biochar, a rich carbon source, produced by the process of pyrolysis of biomass, is a stable form of carbon that enhances soil organic carbon sequestration. Due to the presence of carbon in an aromatic state, biochar is critical for carbon sequestration and resistant to microbial decomposition. Recently, surplus biomass or crop residues from various production systems have gained a lot of attention due to their serious implications for environmental sustainability. Instead of increasing ecological pollution by burning, surplus crop residues from various agricultural production systems can be converted to biochar by pyrolysis, which offers safe and sustainable disposal of excess crop residues of crop production systems along with GHG mitigation co-benefits. Thus, biochar application may provide a long-term solution to combating climate change with other benefits. However, there is limited knowledge available about the effect of biochar application on carbon stability and GHG emissions fluxes under crop production systems. © 2024 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.
Diversification of rice (Oryza sativa)-based cropping system of Varanasi for enhanced productivity and employment generation
(Indian Council of Agricultural Research, 2022) Priyanka Saha; Jitendra Singh Bohra; Harsita Nayak; Tejbal Singh; Anamika Barman
A field experiment was conducted during 2019-20 with an objective to study the effect of diversification of rice- wheat cropping system with different fodder, legume and high value crops for enhanced productivity and employment generation under irrigated ecosystem. The rice equivalent yield was maximum with sudan fodder (4412 kg/ha), capsicum (8371 kg/ha) and lady's finger (6519 kg/ ha) for rainy (kharif), winter (rabi) and summer season, respectively. However, high value rice-potato-lady's finger recorded significantly higher system productivity and was comparable to high value rice-capsicum-vegetable cowpea sequence. Cropping sequences containing more than one crop gave better land use efficiency and more employment generation opportunities by engaging more farm labours. Hence, both the sequences, S9and S10recorded higher land use efficiency and labour engagement over other crop sequences thus leading to better employment generation. © 2022 Indian Council of Agricultural Research. All rights reserved.
Effective Use of Nanomaterials to Maintain Soil Fertility and Reduce Heavy Metal Toxicity in Soil
(CRC Press, 2024) Biswajit Pramanick; Anurag Bera; Priyanka Saha; Anamika Barman; Shiv Vendra Singh; Rishav Kumar; Sagar Maitra; Akbar Hossain
The advent of nanotechnology has enabled scientists to devise strategies for the preparation of smart fertilizers that can not only improve the growth and productivity of plants, but also protect the plants from the adverse effects of abiotic and biotic stresses. Development of nanocomposites have been attempted to ensure the supply of essential nutrients to the plants by improving the soil fertility. This has been attempted through the deployment of nanoparticle-based smart delivery systems. Among the abiotic stresses, heavy metal stress has been known to significantly effect plant performance, thereby impacting the yield. In this connection, carbon-based nano-adsorbents (carbon nanotubes, carbon nanoparticles and graphene) and metal-based nano-adsorbents (magnetic nanoparticles) are the two primary categories of nano-adsorbents that can be used for nullifying the effect of heavy metals present in soil. Therefore, these nano-adsorbents can be used to treat polluted soils under in-situ or ex-situ conditions, thereby improving soil health and fertility. This chapter presents the application of environment-friendly nanomaterials to reduce heavy metal toxicity in the soil. © 2024 selection and editorial matter, Swarnendu Roy and Akbar Hossain; individual chapters, the contributors.
Nitrogen management by small farmers with the use of leaf color chart: a review
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2023) Priyanka Saha; Harsita Nayak; Anamika Barman; Anurag Bera; Purabi Banerjee
Nitrogen (N) is one of the most crucial nutrients from production point of view regardless of the crop species. Being a key factor of crop production, N management is very essential. Large field variability of inherent soil N and difference in crop demand at different crop growth stages makes it difficult to manage. Besides, partial factor productivity of N is also declining day by day. Further, nitrogen requirement varies with crop, cultivar and climate. Therefore, optimum nitrogen application as per the crop demand becomes very important in crop production. Precise management of nitrogen reduces the loss of nitrogen via runoff, ammonia volatilization, and leaching along with improving nitrogen use efficiency. Real time nitrogen management is a need based application of nitrogen at right time and right amount for enhancing use efficiency by supplying the N at critical growth stages. Use of the leaf color chart (LCC) is one of the components of real time N management. The LCC is very simple, inexpensive, handy, and easy to use tool that compares leaf color with the color shades of the device. Farmers usually prefer dark color leaves, so they apply nitrogen irrespective of whether it is needed or not, an action that leads to contamination of surface and ground water as well as severe environmental hazards. With increasing fertilizer application soil health is also deteriorating which concern the sustainability of production. In that case, site specific nutrient management using leaf color chart is more viable option for small and marginal farmers. © 2022 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Salt Stress and its Mitigation Strategies for Enhancing Agricultural Production
(Bentham Science Publishers, 2023) Priyanka Saha; Jitendra Singh Bohra; Anamika Barman; Anurag Bera
In agriculture, salinity has been a major limiting factor in food security. Soil salinity has been shown to limit land utilization and crop productivity. It is especially crucial to avoid such losses as the ever-increasing global population imposes a tremendous amount of pressure on human populations to produce more food and feed. Salt stress has a negative effect on the whole plant and can be seen at all phases of growth, including germination, seedling and vegetative stages. Tolerance to salt stress, on the other hand, varies with plant developmental processes and even from species and cultivars. Salinity in the agricultural system can be managed by adopting various mitigation strategies. To maintain higher productivity in salt-affected environments, salt-tolerant genotypes must be introduced, as well as precise site-specific production systems. Recent advances in genetics and biotechnology, along with traditional breeding methods, provide the potential to create transgenic cultivars that perform well under stress. Exogenous treatment of certain osmoprotectants and growth regulators, as well as nutrient management and seed rejuvenation strategies, may be beneficial for cost-effective agricultural production in saline soils. © 2023, Bentham Books.
Sustainable management and diversification of problematic wastes: prospects and challenges
(Elsevier, 2024) Anamika Barman; Sougata Roy; Priyanka Saha; Saptaparnee Dey; Shashank Patel; Deepak Kumar Meena; Anurag Bera; Shiv Vendra Singh; Sandip Mandal; Suprava Nath; Shreyas Bagrecha
In recent times, there has been a significant focus on challenging forms of waste due to their significant impact on the environment’s sustainability. Various categories of problematic waste exist, including agro-industrial, municipal solid waste, plastic waste, and electronic waste. The exploration of these different waste types and their subsequent treatment is of great interest, as they hold the potential to serve as secondary raw materials or be employed for generating energy in waste management processes. Amidst a range of thermochemical conversion methods, the processes of pyrolysis and gasification applied to problematic wastes blended with different types of biomasses have emerged as promising technologies. These technologies offer the potential to establish an ecologically sound waste management system, leading to substantial reductions in pollution while simultaneously maximizing the recovery of energy and materials. The outputs obtained from the conversion of these waste materials include syngas, biochar, and fuel, which can be effectively utilized for various purposes in an environmentally sustainable manner. Consequently, subjecting problematic wastes to thermal degradation and transforming them into useful resources presents a viable long-term strategy for addressing climate change alongside other advantages. Nonetheless, there exists limited understanding regarding the thermal degradation of problematic wastes and the processes involved in their conversion. © 2024 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.
The use of biochar to reduce carbon footprint: toward net zero emission from agriculture
(Elsevier, 2024) Anurag Bera; Ram Swaroop Meena; Anamika Barman; Priyanka Saha
Anthropogenic climate change and its global warming corollary seriously threaten the earth’s ecosystems and inhabitants. Climate projections show that greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions need to decline to zero within a few decades to maintain the climate stable within acceptable settings. To achieve this goal, it is expected that CO2 removal from the atmosphere will be required to offset emissions that are more challenging to eliminate. Therefore, GHG accounting methodologies are necessary to calculate the precise CO2 reduction needed to accomplish a given level of mitigation. As the agricultural production system significantly contributes to global warming gases, we must work toward reducing these emissions. The use of biochar as a means to reduce GHG emissions and adapt to climate change has gained momentum in recent years. In addition to lowering GHGs (CO2, CH4, N2O), biochar can also improve soil carbon sequestration, nutrient and water retention, and overall soil fertility. Thus, biochar application can herald a new era of farming that prioritizes food production, environmental sustainability, and soil health. Further research is needed to determine the best ways of employing biochar to mitigate climate change, lessen the agriculture sector’s carbon footprint, and stride toward net zero emissions. © 2024 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.