Browsing by Author "Anamika Misra"

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A prospective observational safety study on ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 corona virus vaccine (recombinant) use in healthcare workers- first results from India
(Elsevier Ltd, 2021) Upinder Kaur; Bisweswar Ojha; Bhairav Kumar Pathak; Anup Singh; Kiran R. Giri; Amit Singh; Agniva Das; Anamika Misra; Ashish Kumar Yadav; Sangeeta Kansal; Sankha Shubhra Chakrabarti
Background: We provide the first post-approval safety analysis of COVISHIELD in health care workers (HCWs) in northern India. Methods: This continuing prospective observational study (February 2021 to May 2022) enrolled participants ≥18 years receiving COVISHIELD vaccination. Primary outcome was safety and reactogenicity. Categories (FDA toxicity grading) and outcomes of adverse events following immunization (AEFIs) were recorded, causality assessment performed, and risk factors analysed. Findings: We present the results of an interim analysis of 804 participants. AEFIs following first dose were reported in 321 (40%; systemic involvement in 248). Among 730 participants who completed a 7-day follow-up post second dose, AEFIs occurred in 115 (15.7%; systemic in 99). Majority of AEFIs were mild-moderate and resolved spontaneously. Serious AEFIs, leading to hospitalization was noticed in 1 (0.1%) participant with suspicion of immunization stress related response (ISRR). AEFIs of grade 3 severity (FDA) were recorded in 4 participants (0.5%). No deaths were recorded. Regression analysis showed increased risk of AEFIs in younger individuals, a two times higher odds in females, those with hypertension or with history of allergy; and three times higher odds in individuals with hypothyroidism. Interpretation: COVISHIELD carries an overall favourable safety profile with AEFI rates much less than reported for other adenoviral vaccines. Females, those with hypertension, individuals with history of allergy and hypothyroidism may need watchful vaccine administration. This being an interim analysis and based on healthcare workers who may not reflect the general population demographics, larger inclusive studies are warranted for confirming the findings. Funding: No funding support. © 2021 The Author(s)
APOE4 allele in north Indian elderly patients with dementia or late onset depression-a multiple-disease case control study
(Shiraz University, 2019) Anamika Misra; Sankha Shubhra Chakrabarti; Indrajeet Singh Gambhir; Upinder Kaur; Shukla Prasad
The objective of the study was to analyze the frequency of APOE4 allele in elderly patients with Alzheimer's or vascular dementia or depression; compare these to age/sex matched controls; compare the results with established literature and highlight new findings. A single center, multiple disease, case-control study was performed with three case groups-probable AD patients (n=36), vascular dementia patients (n=29) and depression patients (n=20) and with a control group (n=32). APOE genotyping was performed in whole blood samples collected from patients and controls by restriction isotyping using the enzymes AflIII and HaeII. There was significant difference in frequency distribution of E4 allele between the AD (12/72; 16.7%) and control groups (3/64; 4.7%) (P=0.03). However, no significant difference was found in any of the other comparisons. The current study demonstrates absence of a significant association between APOE4 positivity and presence of late-onset depression in the north Indian elderly and reinforces the higher APOE4 prevalence in LOAD patients but not in VD patients. It is the first study of its kind from the northern part of India involving multiple disease groups and lays the framework for larger cohort studies. © 2020, Shiraz University.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Protein Profiles in Alzheimer's Dementia Patients: A Bioinformatic Approach
(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2023) Anamika Misra; Sankha S. Chakrabarti; Indrajeet S. Gambhir; Meghraj S. Baghel; Yugendra R. Patil
[No abstract available]
Epigenetic drugs based on antiaging approach: an overview
(Elsevier, 2022) Tarun Minocha; Namrata Dwivedi; Chetan Panda; Anamika Misra; Barsha Baisakhi Nayak; Sanjeev Kumar Yadav; Hareram Birla; Sandeep Kumar Singh
Aging is a natural physiological process that takes place during the course of life in all living beings. It is the main culprit in the growth and development of several chronic diseases because of changes or gradual decline of normal physiological functions. Several reports revealed that the epigenetic changes foisted and established a great impact on the aging process. Indeed, aging associated with epigenetic dysregulations imposes serious health concerns for various human pathologies including metabolic diseases, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, neurological and psychological disorders. During the last few decades, a variety of natural and synthetic drugs are being employed for various therapeutic applications because of antiaging attributes; however, the results are still unsatisfactory. Therefore, nowadays, epigenetic drugs-based therapy has emerged as a possible and crucial approach for the treatment of several diseases associated with aging. In a nutshell, this chapter epitomes the role of epigenetic drugs that not only targets epigenetic pathways involved in a myriad of pathologies but also improves the lifespan of patients. © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Immunohistochemistry as an important technique in experimental and clinical practices
(Bentham Science Publishers, 2020) Hareram Birla; Sachchida Nand Rai; Saumitra Sen Singh; Walia Zahra; Neeraj Tiwari; Aijaz A. Naik; Anamika Misra; Shikha Bharati; Surya Pratap Singh
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a well-known technique in the field of biological and medical sciences. This technique is based on the principle of antigenantibody interaction and is used for identification of cellular or tissue constituents, i.e., an antigen by using a specific antibody. The binding of an antibody to an antigen is confirmed either by labelled primary antibody itself or by using secondary labelling method such as fluorescence labelled antibody. Such interactions give information about the cellular process occurring inside the cell. In last few years, huge amount of data have been generated using IHC. Furthermore, adequate knowledge of this technique is required for the optimum result and its reproducibility. The detailed information about the tissue section, antigen retrieval (AR), increased sensitivity of the detection systems and proper standardization are the key points for this technique. This protocol will address overview of the technique, tissue preparation, microtome, antigen retrieval, antibodies and antigen fixation, detection methods, background reduction and trouble shootings. © 2020, Bentham eBooks imprint. All rights reserved.
Morvan’s syndrome—is a pathogen behind the curtain?
(Springer-Verlag Italia s.r.l., 2018) Rohit Singh; Pritam Das; Upinder Kaur; Anamika Misra; Ashis Choudhury; Sukdev Manna; Rohit Gaude; Deepak Gautam; Indrajeet Singh Gambhir; Sankha Shubhra Chakrabarti
Morvan’s syndrome is a rare syndrome of likely autoimmune etiology characterized by peripheral nerve hyperexcitability, dysautonomia, insomnia, and fluctuating delirium with prominent hallucinations. Since its first mention in 1890, less than 100 cases have been described in literature. The largest existing review includes details of 29 cases. This case series describes 4 cases (M = 4) of Morvan’s syndrome which presented between May and November 2017 to a single tertiary care referral teaching hospital in north India. All the four patients manifested behavioral abnormalities, sleep disturbances, hallucinations, autonomic dysfunction, and clinical signs of peripheral nerve hyperexcitability, mostly as myokymia. Two of the patients had Anti-CASPR2 (contactin-associated protein 2) antibodies. Three of them had electromyography features of peripheral nerve hyperexcitability and only one had elevated cerebrospinal fluid protein level. We hypothesize that Morvan’s syndrome and other less characterized autoimmune encephalitis/peripheral nervous system syndromes may have infectious triggers. A possible viral trigger may result in generation of autoantibodies which result in the typical manifestations. We base these hypotheses on the finding of four cases of an orphan disease within a short period of time in a limited geographical distribution. © 2018, Springer-Verlag Italia S.r.l., part of Springer Nature.
New genetic players in late-onset Alzheimer’s disease: Findings of genome-wide association studies
(Indian Council of Medical Research, 2018) Anamika Misra; Sankha Shubhra Chakrabarti; Indrajeet Singh Gambhir
Late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD) or sporadic AD is the most common form of AD. The precise pathogenetic changes that trigger the development of AD remain largely unknown. Large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms in multiple genes which are associated with AD; most notably, these are ABCA7, bridging integrator 1(B1N1), triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2), CD33, clusterin (CLU), complement receptor 1 (CRI), ephrin type-A receptor 1 (EPHA1), membrane-spanning 4-domains, subfamily A (MS4A) and phosphatidylinositol binding clathrin assembly protein (PICALM) genes. The proteins coded by the candidate genes participate in a variety of cellular processes such as oxidative balance, protein metabolism, cholesterol metabolism and synaptic function. This review summarizes the major gene loci affecting LOAD identified by large GWASs. Tentative mechanisms have also been elaborated in various studies by which the proteins coded by these genes may exert a role in AD pathogenesis have also been elaborated. The review suggests that these may together affect LOAD pathogenesis in a complementary fashion. © 2018 Indian Journal of Medical Research.
Resveratrol: A novel drug for the management of neurodegenerative disorders
(Bentham Science Publishers, 2023) Sapna Bala; Anamika Misra; Upinder Kaur; Sankha Shubhra Chakrabarti
Resveratrol is a naturally occurring polyphenol (stilbenoid) that works as a phytoalexin, a part of plants' defense system against infection, ultraviolet radiation, stress and injury. Common dietary sources of resveratrol include grapes, berries, peanuts, red wine, and some herbal preparations. In animal models, resveratrol exhibits a wide spectrum of potential therapeutic activities, including antioxidant, anti¬inflammatory, neuroprotective, and longevity-promoting properties. Resveratrol mimics the antioxidant, anti-aging, and neuroprotective effects of caloric restriction, mainly mediated through the increased expression of genes encoding antioxidants and the anti-aging factors (AMPK and Sirtuin 1). Therapeutic strategies for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases currently have several shortcomings. Naturally occurring compounds may play a significant role in augmenting these therapeutic options. Resveratrol has been shown to maintain homeostasis, protect the brain against oxidative stress, preserve neuronal function, and ultimately minimize age-related neurological decline. It has shown positive effects in animal models and cell culture¬based experiments in treating Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease, and other neurodegenerative diseases. Resveratrol enhances learning memory and neurogenesis and alleviates neural apoptosis in the hippocampus of AD mice. Beneficial effects of resveratrol in PD result from the inhibition of α-synuclein aggregation and cytotoxicity, lowering of total and oligomeric α-synuclein levels, reduction of neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress. Clinical trials are also evaluating the role of the drug in the major neurodegenerative disorders. © 2023 Bentham Science Publishers. All rights reserved.
Role of oxidative stress and metal toxicity in the progression of Alzheimer’s disease
(Bentham Science Publishers, 2020) Hareram Birla; Tarun Minocha; Gaurav Kumar; Anamika Misra; Sandeep Kumar Singh
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the life-threatening neurodegenerative disorders in the elderly (>60 years) and incurable across the globe to date. AD is caused by the involvement of various genetic, environmental and lifestyle factors that affect neuronal cells to degenerate over the period of time. The oxidative stress is engaged in the pathogenesis of various disorders and its key role is also linked to the etiology of AD. AD is attributed by neuronal loss, abnormal accumulation of Amyloid-β (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) with severe memory impairments and other cognitive dysfunctions which lead to the loss of synapses and neuronal death and eventual demise of the individual. Increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), loss of mitochondrial function, altered metal homeostasis, aberrant accumulation of senile plaque and mitigated antioxidant defense mechanism all are indulged in the progression of AD. In spite of recent advances in biomedical re-search, the underlying mechanism of disruption of redox balance and the actual source of oxidative stress is still obscure. This review highlights the generation of ROS through different mechanisms, the role of some important metals in the progression of AD and free radical scavenging by endogenous molecule and supplementation of nutrients in AD. © 2020 Bentham Science Publishers.