Browsing by Author "Anand Kumar Singh"

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A current review of cypermethrin-induced neurotoxicity and nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurodegeneration
(2012) Anand Kumar Singh; Manindra Nath Tiwari; Om Prakash; Mahendra Pratap Singh
Cypermethrin, a class II pyrethroid pesticide, is used to control insects in the household and agricultural fields. Despite beneficial roles, its uncontrolled and repetitive applications lead to unintended effects in non-target organisms. Cypermethrin crosses the blood-brain barrier and induces neurotoxicity and motor deficits. Cypermethrin prolongs the opening of sodium channel, a major site of its action, leading to hyper-excitation of the central nervous system. In addition to sodium channel, cypermethrin modulates chloride, voltage-gated calcium and potassium channels, alters the activity of glutamate and acetylcholine receptors and adenosine triphosphatases and induces DNA damage and oxidative stress in the neuronal cells. Cypermethrin also modulates the level of neurotransmitters, including gamma-aminobutyric acid and dopamine. It is one of the most commonly used pesticides in neurotoxicology research not only because of its variable responses depending upon the doses, time and routes of exposure and strain, age, gender and species of animals used across multiple studies but also owing to its ability to induce the nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurodegeneration. This article describes the effect of acute, chronic, developmental and adulthood exposures to cypermethrin in experimental animals. The article sheds light on cypermethrin-induced changes in the central nervous system, including its contribution in the onset of specific features, which are associated with the nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Resemblances and dissimilarities of cypermethrin-induced nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurodegeneration with sporadic and chemicals-induced disease models along with its advantages and pitfalls are also discussed. © 2012 Bentham Science Publishers.
A Dual Therapeutic Approach to Diabetes Mellitus via Bioactive Phytochemicals Found in a Poly Herbal Extract by Restoration of Favorable Gut Flora and Related Short-Chain Fatty Acids
(Springer, 2024) Amit Kumar Singh; Pradeep Kumar; Sunil Kumar Mishra; Vishnu D. Rajput; Kavindra Nath Tiwari; Anand Kumar Singh; Tatiana Minkina; Ajay Kumar Pandey; Prabhat Upadhyay
Diabetes mellitus (DM), a metabolic and endocrine condition, poses a serious threat to human health and longevity. The emerging role of gut microbiome associated with bioactive compounds has recently created a new hope for DM treatment. UHPLC-HRMS methods were used to identify these compounds in a poly herbal ethanolic extract (PHE). The effects of PHE on body weight (BW), fasting blood glucose (FBG) level, gut microbiota, fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production, and the correlation between DM-related indices and gut microbes, in rats were investigated. Chebulic acid (0.368%), gallic acid (0.469%), andrographolide (1.304%), berberine (6.442%), and numerous polysaccharides were the most representative constituents in PHE. A more significant BW gain and a reduction in FBG level towards normal of PHE 600 mg/kg treated rats group were resulted at the end of 28th days of the study. Moreover, the composition of the gut microbiota corroborated the study’s hypothesis, as evidenced by an increased ratio of Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes and some beneficial microbial species, including Prevotella copri and Lactobacillus hamster. The relative abundance of Bifidobacterium pseudolongum, Ruminococcus bromii, and Blautia producta was found to decline in PHE treatment groups as compared to diabetic group. The abundance of beneficial bacteria in PHE 600 mg/kg treatment group was concurrently associated with increased SCFAs concentrations of acetate and propionate (7.26 nmol/g and 4.13 nmol/g). The findings of this study suggest a promising approach to prevent DM by demonstrating that these naturally occurring compounds decreased FBG levels by increasing SCFAs content and SCFAs producing gut microbiota. Graphical Abstract: Flow chart summarizing research on the dual therapeutic approach to diabetes mellitus via bioactive chemicals found in a poly herbal extract and the management of gut microbiota in relation to DM. (SCFAs, short chain fatty acids; SMB53, a genus of bacterial microbiota of small intestine; LPS, lipopolysaccharide) (Figure presented.) © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.
A network pharmacology approach with experimental validation to discover protective mechanism of poly herbal extract on diabetes mellitus
(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Amit Kumar Singh; Pradeep Kumar; Sunil Kumar Mishra; KavindraNath Tiwari; Anand Kumar Singh; Ajay Kumar Pandey; Ali A. Shati; Mohammad Y. Alfaifi; SeragEldin I. Elbehairi; R.Z. Sayyed
Objective: Polyherbal extracts (PHE) contain six traditional medicinal plants, and the efficacy of the medicinal plants used in the preparation of this PHE has been confirmed for the treatment of diseases like diabetes mellitus (DM). The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and therapeutic mechanism of PHE through a network pharmacology approach to reveal the protective mechanism of Alpha-Tocospiro A (ATA) present in PHE on DM with experimental validation. Methods: In this study, Lipinski's rule (Swiss ADME) and drug-likeness score (MolSoft's) web pages were used to confirm the drug-likeness of identified constituents in PHE. Swiss Target Prediction (STP) genes were found for ATA-related genes. The DisGeNet database was used to screen genes associated with DM. String created a network diagram of the interactions between the ATA and DM genes. Top-scoring genes from the string network through CytoNCA plugged into Cytoscape 3.8.2 were selected as hub genes. In addition, the ShinyGO database is used to predict GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses. Results: A total of 675 and 105 therapeutic genes (STP) were associated with all bioactive compounds and ATA in the PHE screen, respectively. Additionally, a maximum of 2,803 DM-related genes (DisGeNet) were observed. Further, in the analysis, 331, 57 potential (intersecting) genes were identified in the correlation between the target genes of all compounds and ATA, respectively, of PHE and the target genes of DM. The identified hub gene “TNF” for both ATA and PHE was found to be precisely strengthened in 49 pathways, along with 14 signaling pathways out of more than 100 enriched KEGG pathways. This study predicted that ATA activates PI3K/Akt and MAPK pathways enriched with TNF by phosphorylating the insulin receptor (IR) β-subunit. The anti-diabetic activity of PHE was found to be good and primarily confirmed by in vitro α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition activity. Conclusion: The anti-diabetic activity of PHE was found to be effective and was confirmed by the enzyme inhibition activity in the primary study. This study predicted that ATA is a novel drug molecule in PHE that has a targeted mechanism of action and therapeutic effect on DM. © 2024 The Author(s)
Berberine's antihyperglycemic effects via modulation of pancreatic ferroptosis and the CDC42-AR/PTGS2/ESR1 signaling pathway: A genomic and network pharmacology approach
(Elsevier B.V., 2025) Amit Kumar Singh; Pradeep Harish Kumar; Manjeet Kumar Sah Gond; Sunil Kumar Mishra; Kavindra Nath Tiwari; Anand Kumar Singh
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a prevalent metabolic disorder. The increase in lethality associated with ferroptosis, a novel form of programmed cell death in pancreatic tissues at the molecular level, arises from the accumulation of reactive molecules, such as oxygen species, generated through lipid metabolism, which is linked to the cells' reduced capacity to manage oxidative stress. Recent studies have highlighted that ferroptosis plays a crucial role in the onset, progression, and development of DM and its various complications. A thorough understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing iron metabolism and its contribution to ferroptosis in DM could enhance disease management strategies. To address this, a bioinformatics approach was employed to investigate the antidiabetic potential of key target genes, including CDC42, AR, PTGS2, and ESR1, using a polyherbal extract (PHE) enriched with berberine (BBR), offering a novel perspective in DM treatment. Findings revealed that BBR (constituting 6.442 % in PHE and 0.399 % in Berberis aristata) was identified at retention times of 7.14 in PHE and 6.80 in BA, respectively, as the most significant compound in the positive mode of HR-MS analysis. The antihyperglycemic effect of PHE resulted in a notable decrease in fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels within 30 min of glucose loading in different experimental rat groups. The outcomes suggest that the target genes CDC42 and AR/PTGS2/ESR1 could be downregulated by BBR-enriched PHE, potentially modulating pancreatic ferroptosis in DM. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.
Biopesticides: Volume 2: Advances in Bio-inoculants
(Elsevier, 2021) Amitava Rakshit; Vijay Singh Meena; P.C. Abhilash; B.K. Sarma; H.B. Singh; Leonardo Fraceto; Manoj Parihar; Anand Kumar Singh
Biopesticide: Volume Two, the latest release in the Advances in Bioinoculant series, provides an updated overview on the active substances utilized in current bioinsecticides, along with information on which of them can be used for integrated pest management programs in agro-ecosystems. The book presents a comprehensive look at the development of novel solutions against new targets, also introducing new technologies that enhance the efficacy of already available active substances. Finally, readers will find insights into the advanced molecular studies on insect microbial community diversity that are opening new frontiers in the development of innovative pest management strategies. This book will be valuable to those prioritizing agro biodiversity management to address optimal productizing and enhanced food security. © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Cutting the Gordian knot of Li-rich layered cathodes
(Cell Press, 2022) Aditya Narayan Singh; Anand Kumar Singh; Kyung-Wan Nam
Recent work in Nature by Khalil's group uncovers the mystery of structural degradation in Li- and Mn-rich cathodes to be tied with the accumulated nanostrain and lattice displacement during the operation of the cell. These effects are the real culprit in driving structural and oxygen loss, leading to rapid voltage decay. © 2022 Elsevier Inc.
Cypermethrin alters the expression profile of mrnas in the adult rat striatum: A putative mechanism of postnatal pre-exposure followed by adulthood re-exposure-enhanced neurodegeneration
(2012) Manindra Nath Tiwari; Anand Kumar Singh; Sonal Agrawal; Satya Prakash Gupta; Anurag Jyoti; Rishi Shanker; Om Prakash; Mahendra Pratap Singh
Abstract This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of cypermethrin on the expression patterns of mRNAs in the striatum of adulthood alone and postnatal pre-exposed followed by adulthood re-exposed rats using discover chips rat microarrays. The expression patterns of V-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1, B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2), BCL-2-associated X protein, caspase 1, caspase 9, death-associated protein 3 and interleukin-1β were validated by the qRT-PCR. The expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) II were assessed immunohistochemically; however, tumour protein p53 and cytochrome c (mitochondrial and cytosolic) expressions were checked at protein level by western blotting. Cypermethrin differentially regulated 65 transcripts at one or the other stage of exposure and 21 transcripts exhibited more pronounced alterations in the postnatal pre-exposed and adulthood re-challenged rats. The results of qRT-PCR were in accordance with the microarray observations and the expressions of iNOS, p53 and cytosolic cytochrome c and MHC II positivity were increased while the level of mitochondrial cytochrome c was reduced in adulthood treated animals. The effects were more pronounced in the postnatal pre-exposed followed by adulthood re-exposed rats. The results obtained thus suggest that multiple pathways are involved in the neurodegeneration as well as in enhancing the vulnerability of neurons in cypermethrin pre-exposed postnatal animals upon re-exposure during adulthood. ©Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012.
Effects of Asiatic acid on brain cancer by altering astrocytes and the AKT1-PRKCB signaling pathway: A genomic and network pharmacology perspective
(Elsevier B.V., 2025) Amit Kumar Singh; Adarsh Kumar Pathak; Pradeep Harish Kumar; Anand Kumar Singh; Manjeet Kumar Sah Gond; Rohit Singh Negi; Richa Das; Shreni Agrawal; Sunil Kumar Mishra; Kavindra Nath Tiwari
The most common primary brain tumor, glioblastoma (GBM), currently has a dismal prognosis because of its fast growth and dissemination. Recent research indicates that Asiatic acid (AA), which is extracted from Trema orientalis L., has potential as a medicinal agent. AA, which was obtained from a methanolic extract of Trema orientalis L. and examined utilizing high-resolution mass spectroscopy (HRMS) analysis, was employed in this investigation. Then, in order to forecast the therapeutic advantages of AA in managing GBM, we conducted an in silico study. Online web servers like SwissADME, pKCSM, and Protox-II were used to assess AA. Then, the major targets of the AA (from Swiss Target Prediction and TargetNet) and GBM (from GeneCards and DisGeNET) were identified. The important genes were then merged into the STRING and ShinyGo databases to examine the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network, gene annotation, and KEGG pathways, with the goal of identifying the core mechanisms involved in GBM management. The top five hub gene targets of the built network (AKT1, SRC, IL-6, TNF, and EGFR) were investigated, along with some contemporaneous additional major targets (PRKCB, GSK3B, ITGB1, BRAF, and PTPN6). These targets were tightly linked to GO activities such as synoviocyte proliferation, cytokine activity, and EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance, as well as proteoglycans in cancer-related pathways. Furthermore, a survival study was conducted to assess the chronicity of targets, as well as molecular docking activity between important targets and AA against GBM to determine binding effectiveness. Overall, the study found that AKT1 is the most powerful receptor for AA, having a binding energy of −8.19 kcal/mol, followed by PRKCB (−7.53 kcal/mol). Finally, docking studies suggest that AA has the potential to be an effective treatment for GBM. Furthermore, clinical studies will provide more precise insights into the AA's efficacy as a medicine in the future. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.
Effects of cypermethrin on monoamine transporters, xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes and lipid peroxidation in the rat nigrostriatal system
(2010) Manindra Nath Tiwari; Anand Kumar Singh; Israr Ahmad; Ghanshyam Upadhyay; Dhirendra Singh; Devendra Kumar Patel; Chetna Singh; Om Prakash; Mahendra Pratap Singh
Long-term exposure to cypermethrin induces the nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurodegeneration in adult rats and its pre-exposure in the critical periods of brain development enhances the susceptibility during adulthood. Monoamine transporters, xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes and oxidative stress play critical roles in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurodegeneration. The study was undertaken to investigate the effects of cypermethrin on DAT, VMAT 2, CYP2E1, GST Ya, GST Yc and GSTA4-4 expressions, CYP2E1 and GST activities and lipid peroxidation in the nigrostriatal system of adult rats with/without post-natal exposure to cypermethrin. Cypermethrin reduced VMAT 2 and increased CYP2E1 expressions without causing significant change in DAT. Although GSTA4-4 mRNA expression and lipid peroxidation were increased, no significant changes were observed in GST Ya and GST Yc expressions and total GST activity. The results obtained demonstrate that long-term exposure to cypermethrin modulates VMAT 2, CYP2E1, GSTA4-4 expressions and lipid peroxidation, which could contribute to the nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurodegeneration. © 2010 Informa UK, Ltd.
Estimation of 3D Moho topography and vertical tectonic stress in the eastern Himalayan syntaxis using gravity data
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025) Amritansh Rai; Vikash Chand Patel; Anand Kumar Singh; Gyan Prakash Singh
Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis (EHS) holds the unique significance and one of the least studied regions in the eastern Himalaya. In this study, Moho topographic undulation map of the study region and the vertical tectonic stress caused by isostatic adjustment are obtained by using the Bouguer gravity anomaly (BGA), topographic and isostatic anomaly data from the WGM2012 model. The source depth and cutoff wavenumber estimated from spectral analysis are found to be ≈ 46 km and 0.012 km−1, respectively. The BGA is then filtered using a low-pass filter with 83 km wavelength to obtain the regional anomaly corresponding to Moho topography. The resulting regional anomaly map is inverted using the Parker–Oldenberg method to obtain a gravity Moho. The gravity Moho is found to be varied from 36 to 56 km. The isostatic Moho depth is computed using the Airy model. The resulting gravity Moho is in good agreement with previous seismological studies in the region. Using the resulting gravity and isostatic Moho, an isostatic compensation map is derived, which shows all three states of isostatic compensation in the region. The state of isostatic compensation obtained in our study corroborates well with the isostatic anomaly map. In addition, we estimated the vertical tectonic stress caused by lithospheric load in the study region. In the Southern Tibet detachment, Namcha Barwa Antiform (NBA), and Lohit plutonic complex (LPC), the vertical stress is negative and reaches the maximum value of 80 MPa. The central zone of the study region (EHS) features tensional and compressional stresses that vary from − 20 to 20 MPa. In the southern EHS, the Assam valley shows a significant increase in vertical compressional stress. In the Assam valley, the compressional vertical stress varies up to 60 MPa. Due to under-compensation, the mountains in the NBA and LPC subside downward, causing tensional negative stress, while the Assam valley has the highest compressional stress due to topographic uplift, which accounts for the surface mass lost during fluvial erosion. © The Author(s) under exclusive licence to Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences 2025.
GP special issue - Advances in Geophysical Modeling and Interpretation for Mineral Exploration
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2025) Arkoprovo Biswas; Roman Pašteka; M. S. Zhdanov; Anand Kumar Singh; Yunus Levent Ekinci; Çaǧlayan Balkaya
[No abstract available]
High resolution electron microscopic studies of HoAl3, Er0·5Gd0·5Al3 and Y0·91Er0·09Al3 in thin film form
(Springer India, 1984) Anand Kumar Singh; Ajay Kumar Singh; M.S. Gupta; O.N. Srivastava
Rare earth trialuminides (RAl3) exhibit an interesting series of structures changing from 2H to 3C in the bulk form. Many of the rare earth trialuminides have been recently found to exhibit curious structural characteristics such as the occurrence of the modulated phases. A detailed investigation of the formation synthesis and characterization of some binary and ternary alloys of the rare earth-aluminium system has been carried out. High resolution microscopic technique has been employed to study the modulated phases for some alloys e.g. HoAl3, Er0·5Gd0·5Al3 and Y0·91Er0·09Al3. With the help of lattice imaging technique, several new modulated phases have been investigated. A possible mechanism for the formation of these phases has been suggested. The details of the results obtained by lattice imaging technique are discussed. © 1984 Indian Academy of Sciences.
Hsrω and Other lncRNAs in Neuronal Functions and Disorders in Drosophila
(MDPI, 2023) Anand Kumar Singh
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have a crucial role in epigenetic, transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression. Many of these regulatory lncRNAs, such as MALAT1, NEAT1, HOTAIR, etc., are associated with different neurodegenerative diseases in humans. The lncRNAs produced by the hsrω gene are known to modulate neurotoxicity in polyQ and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis disease models of Drosophila. Elevated expression of hsrω lncRNAs exaggerates, while their genetic depletion through hsrω-RNAi or in an hsrω-null mutant background suppresses, the disease pathogenicity. This review discusses the possible mechanistic details and implications of the functions of hsrω lncRNAs in the modulation of neurodegenerative diseases. © 2022 by the author.
Interrelationship studies for yield and yield attributing traits in elite genotypes of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.)
(Society for Plant Research, 2017) Durga Prasad Moharana; M.M. Syamal; Anand Kumar Singh
Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L., 2n=2x=22) is a dicot climber belonging to the cucurbitaceae family. Present investigation was carried out at Vegetable Research Farm of Department of Horticulture, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India during the kharif season of 2014. The present experiment was under taken with 20 genotypes in Randomized Complete Block Design (RBD)in three replications. The yield of the crop is a complex character and is the ultimate product of action and interaction of various component characters. Taking the phenotypic correlation coefficient into consideration in the present investigation, characters namely node number of first staminate flower appearance (0.321), node number of first pistillate flower appearance (0.472), vine length (0.338), fruit circumference (0.613), fruits per plant (0.467), average fruit weight (0.641), fruit diametre (0.491) and internodal length (0.225) are positively and significantly correlated with yield per plant while on the other hand, days to anthesis of first staminate flower (- 0.302) and days to first harvest (- 0.294) are negatively and significantly correlated with yield per plant. © 2017, SPR, All Rights Reserved.
Isolation and characterization of a novel mycobacteriophage Kashi-VT1 infecting Mycobacterium species
(Frontiers Media SA, 2023) Tanmayee Nayak; Anuja Kakkar; Rakesh Kumar Singh; Lav Kumar Jaiswal; Anand Kumar Singh; Louise Temple; Ankush Gupta
Mycobacteriophages are viruses that infect members of genus Mycobacterium. Because of the rise in antibiotic resistance in mycobacterial diseases such as tuberculosis, mycobacteriophages have received renewed attention as alternative therapeutic agents. Mycobacteriophages are highly diverse, and, on the basis of their genome sequences, they are grouped into 30 clusters and 10 singletons. In this article, we have described the isolation and characterization of a novel mycobacteriophage Kashi-VT1 (KVT1) infecting Mycobacterium >smegmatis mc2 155 (M. smegmatis) and Mycobacterium fortuitum isolated from Varanasi, India. KVT1 is a cluster K1 temperate phage that belongs to Siphoviridae family as visualized in transmission electron microscopy. The phage genome is 61,010 base pairs with 66.5% Guanine/Cytosine (GC) content, encoding 101 putative open reading frames. The KVT1 genome encodes an immunity repressor, a tyrosine integrase, and an excise protein, which are the characteristics of temperate phages. It also contains genes encoding holin, lysin A, and lysin B involved in host cell lysis. The one-step growth curve demonstrated that KVT1 has a latency time of 90 min and an average burst size of 101 phage particles per infected cell. It can withstand a temperature of up to 45°C and has a maximum viability between pH 8 and 9. Some mycobacteriophages from cluster K are known to infect the pathogenic Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis); hence, KVT1 holds potential for the phage therapy against tuberculosis, and it can also be engineered to convert into an exclusively lytic phage. Copyright © 2023 Nayak, Kakkar, Singh, Jaiswal, Singh, Temple and Gupta.
Long term exposure to cypermethrin induces nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurodegeneration in adult rats: Postnatal exposure enhances the susceptibility during adulthood
(2012) Anand Kumar Singh; Manindra Nath Tiwari; Ghanshyam Upadhyay; Devendra Kumar Patel; Dhirendra Singh; Om Prakash; Mahendra Pratap Singh
The study aimed to investigate the effects of cypermethrin on biochemical, histopathological, and motor behavioral indices of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system in adult rats treated with or without cypermethrin (1/10 adult dose) during postnatal days 5-19. Spontaneous locomotor activity (SLA) and rotarod tests were performed to assess motor behavior. Levels of dopamine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA) in the striatum, and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactivity and 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI)/Fluoro-Jade B staining in the substantia nigra were measured to assess dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Postnatal treated animals did not exhibit significant changes in any measured parameters. The significant reduction in the time of stay on rotarod, spontaneous locomotor activity, dopamine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, and tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity while an increase in homovanillic acid level and Fluoro-Jade B-positive cells were observed in cypermethrin treated adult rats. These changes were more pronounced in the animals treated with cypermethrin during postnatal days followed by adulthood compared with adulthood alone. The results obtained thus demonstrate that exposure to cypermethrin during adulthood induces dopaminergic neurodegeneration in rats and postnatal exposure enhances the susceptibility of animals to dopaminergic neurodegeneration if rechallenged during adulthood. © 2012 Elsevier Inc.
New frontiers in stress management for durable agriculture
(Springer Singapore, 2020) Amitava Rakshit; Harikesh Bahadur Singh; Anand Kumar Singh; Uma Shankar Singh; Leonardo Fraceto
Using accessible farming practices to meet the growing demands on agriculture is likely to result in more intense competition for natural resources, increased greenhouse gas emissions, and further deforestation and land degradation, which will in turn produce additional stress in the soil-water-plant-animal continuum. Stress refers to any unfavorable force or condition that inhibits customary functioning in plants. Concurrent manifestations of different stresses (biotic and abiotic) are very frequent in the environment of plants, which consequently reduces yield. Better understanding stress not only changes our perspective on the current environment, but can also bring a wealth of benefits, like improving sustainable agriculture and human beings' living standards. Innovative systems are called for that protect and enhance the natural resource base, while increasing productivity via 'holistic' approaches, such as agroecology, agro-forestry, climate-smart agriculture and conservation agriculture, which also incorporate indigenous and traditional knowledge. The book 'New Frontiers in Stress Management for Durable Agriculture' details the current state of knowledge and highlights scientific advances concerning novel aspects of plant biology research on stress, biotic and abiotic stress responses, as well as emergent amelioration and reclamation technologies to restore normal functioning in agroecology. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020. All rights reserved.
Nigrostriatal proteomics of cypermethrin-induced dopaminergic neurodegeneration: Microglial activation-dependent and -independent regulations
(2011) Anand Kumar Singh; Manindra Nath Tiwari; Anubhuti Dixit; Ghanshyam Upadhyay; Devendra Kumar Patel; Dhirendra Singh; Om Prakash; Mahendra Pratap Singh
The study aimed to identify the differentially expressed nigrostriatal proteins in cypermethrin-induced neurodegeneration and to investigate the role of microglial activation therein. Proteomic approaches were used to identify the differentially expressed proteins. Microglial activation, tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity (TH-IR), dopamine content, and neurobehavioral changes were measured according to the standard procedures. The expressions of a-internexin intermediate filament (α-IIF), ATP synthase D chain (ATP-SD), heat shock protein (Hsp)-70, truncated connexin-47, Hsp-60, mitogen-activated protein kinaseactivated kinase-5, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase 24k chain precursor, platelet-activating factor acetyl hydrolase 1b-α2 (PAF-AH 1b-α2), and synaptosomal-associated protein-25 (SNAP-25) were altered in the substantia nigra and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide- specific isocitrate dehydrogenase, phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein-1, prohibitin, protein disulfide isomerase-endoplasmic reticulum 60 protease, stathmin, and ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme in the striatum along with motor impairment, decreased dopamine and TH-IR, and increased microglial activation after cypermethrin exposure. Minocycline restored α-IIF, ATP-SD chain, truncated connexin-47, Hsp-60, PAF-AH 1b-α2, stathmin and SNAP-25 expressions, motor impairment, dopamine, TH-IR, and microglial activation. The results suggest that cypermethrin produces microglial activation-dependent and -independent changes in the expression patterns of the nigrostriatal proteins leading to dopaminergic neurodegeneration. © The Author 2011. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society of Toxicology. All rights reserved.
On the occurrence of modulated phases in binary and ternary rare earth metal trialuminides
(1983) Ajay Kumar Singh; Anand Kumar Singh; O.N. Srivastava
The investigations made on the synthesis and structural characterization of rare earth metal binary and ternary trialuminides are reported. These alloys were made by suitable homogenization using solid state interdiffusion and were tested by X-ray diffraction. Thin films from the initial agglomerate of the alloys were made by thermal vapour deposition in vacuum. These thin films were studied using transmission electron microscopy. High resolution transmission electron microscopy was also employed for the detailed structural characterization. The as-grown thin films were found to be amorphous. When the films were annealed, they underwent an amorphous-to-crystalline transformation accompanied by the formation of modulated phases. © 1983.
On the structural characterization of the rare-earth-metal-based alloys ReAl3, Re1-xRe′xAl3, ReNi5, ReNi5-xAlx and ReNixAl3-x
(1982) Ajay Kumar Singh; Anand Kumar Singh; O.N. Srivastava
Crystallographic characteristics are known to influence the hydrogen absorption (desorption) and storage characteristics of intermetallic alloys. The disordered and amorphous phases are of particular importance. There is evidence that these phases absorb significantly more hydrogen than their crystalline counterparts. The growth, synthesis and structural characterization of the rare-earth-metal-based alloys ReAl3, Re1-xRe′xAl3, ReNi5, ReNi5-xAlx and ReNixAl3-x (Re, Re′ rare earth) were investigated using both bulk and thin film samples. Extensive structural characterization revealed that the as-grown thin film phases are amorphous. The transformation from the amorphous to the crystalline phase leads to the formation of several modulated phases. The importance of the results in regard to the hydrogen storage characteristics is outlined. © 1982.