Browsing by Author "Anand Maurya"

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An overview of circular RNAs
(Springer New York LLC, 2018) Rajendra Awasthi; Anurag Kumar Singh; Gaurav Mishra; Anand Maurya; Dinesh Kumar Chellappan; Gaurav Gupta; Philip Michael Hansbro; Kamal Dua
Circular RNAs (cirRNAs) are long, noncoding endogenous RNA molecules and covalently closed continuous loop without 5′–3′ polarity and polyadenylated tail which are largely concentrated in the nucleus. CirRNA regulates gene expression by modulating microRNAs and functions as potential biomarker. CirRNAs can translate in vivo to link between their expression and disease. They are resistant to RNA exonuclease and can convert to the linear RNA by microRNA which can then act as competitor to endogenous RNA. This chapter summarizes the evolutionary conservation and expression of cirRNAs, their identification, highlighting various computational approaches on cirRNA, and translation with a focus on the breakthroughs and the challenges in this new field. © 2018, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
Berberine: A plant-derived alkaloid with therapeutic potential to combat Alzheimer’s disease
(Bentham Science Publishers, 2019) Anurag K. Singh; Santosh K. Singh; Manmath K. Nandi; Gaurav Mishra; Anand Maurya; Arati Rai; Gopal K. Rai; Rajendra Awasthi; Bhupesh Sharma; Giriraj T. Kulkarni
Berberine (a protoberberine isoquinoline alkaloid) has shown promising pharmacological activities, including analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-hyperlipidemic, cardioprotective, memory enhancement, antidepressant, antioxidant, anti-nociceptive, antimicrobial, anti-HIV and cholesterol-lowering effects. It is used in the treatment of the neurodegenerative disorder. It has strong evidence to serve as a potent phytoconstituent in the treatment of various neurodegenerative disorders such as AD. It limits the extracellular amyloid plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles. It has also lipid-glucose lowering ability, hence can be used as a protective agent in atherosclerosis and AD. However, more detailed investigations along with safety assessment of berberine are warranted to clarify its role in limiting various risk factors and AD-related pathologies. This review highlights the pharmacological basis to control oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and protective effect of berberine in AD, which will benefit to the biological scientists in understanding and exploring the new vistas of berberine in combating Alzheimer’s disease. © 2019 Bentham Science Publishers.
Biofabrication: An interesting tool to create in vitro model for COVID-19 drug targets
(Churchill Livingstone, 2020) Anurag Kumar Singh; Gaurav Mishra; Anand Maurya; Giriraj T. Kulkarni; Rajendra Awasthi
[No abstract available]
Challenges and Recent Advances of Novel Chemical Inhibitors in Medulloblastoma Therapy
(Humana Press Inc., 2022) Anand Maurya; Upendra Kumar Patel; Jitendra Kumar Yadav; Virender Pratap Singh; Alka Agarwal
Medulloblastoma is a common term used for the juvenile malignant brain tumor, and its treatment is exciting due to different genetic origins, improper transportation of drug across the blood-brain barrier, and chemo-resistance with various side effects. Currently, medulloblastoma divided into four significant subsections (Wnt, Shh, Group 3, and Group 4) is based on their hereditary modulation and histopathological advancement. In this chapter, we tried to combine several novel chemical therapeutic agents active toward medulloblastoma therapy. All these compounds have potent activity to inhibit the medulloblastoma. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
Ciprofloxacin-Tethered 1,2,3-Triazole Conjugates: New Quinolone Family Compounds to Upgrade Our Antiquated Approach against Bacterial Infections
(American Chemical Society, 2022) Alka Agarwal; Preeti Singh; Anand Maurya; Upendra Kumar Patel; Alka Singh; Gopal Nath
A newer ciprofloxacin series containing 1,2,3-triazole conjugates of ciprofloxacin was designed, synthesized, and well characterized using modern analytical techniques by reacting diversified anilines with ciprofloxacin obtained from ciprofloxacin hydrochloride. The newer conjugates were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against various strains, viz. Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC25923), Enterococcus faecalis (clinical isolate), Staphylococcus epidermidis (ATCC3594), Escherichia coli (ATCC25922), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC27853), Salmonella typhi (clinical isolate), Salmonella typhimurium (clinical isolate), Acinetobacter baumannii (ATCC19606), Aeromonas hydrophila (ATCC7966), Plesiomonas shigelloides (ATCC14029), and Sphingo biumpaucimobilis (MTCC6362) in vitro. Interestingly, some of the conjugates showed superior antimicrobial activity as compared to the control drug ciprofloxacin. The three compounds 4i, 4j, and 4n showed strong activity with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) 0.78 μM, while the compound 4g showed MIC 1.56 μM against S. typhi (clinical). The compound 4a showed good efficacy against S. aureus (ATCC25923) and S. typhi (clinical) with MIC 3.12 μM, while the compound 4b exhibited efficacy with MIC 3.12 μM against S. aureus (ATCC25923) and the control drug ciprofloxacin showed MIC 6.25 μM. Among all of the synthesized compounds, 4e, 4f, 4g, 4h, 4p, 4q, 4t, and 4u displayed less than 20% hemolysis, while the rest of the compounds showed hemolysis in the range of 21–48%. Moreover, the structure of compound 4b was also established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. © 2022 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society
Diagnosis and Clinical Aspects of Lung Cancer: A Special Emphasis on Drug Targeting to Cancer Cells through Nanoparticles
(Bentham Science Publishers, 2023) Rajendra Awasthi; Anurag Kumar Singh; Gaurav Mishra; Anand Maurya; Neerupma Dhiman; Harsha Kharkwal; Bhupesh Sharma; Niraj Kumar Jha; Harish Dureja; Kamal Dua; Terezinha de Jesus Andreoli Pinto; Giriraj T. Kulkarni
Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally. The availability of successful anticancer agents in the market is limited, and the development process of a new drug molecule is slow and difficult. The currently available commercial formulations are not sufficient to produce the desired therapeutic response within a specific time limit. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop novel nanocarrier-based therapies to defeat the restrictions of existing therapeutics. Nanoparticles have been investigated as novel formulations but are often inefficient in practical applications. However, several unanswered questions and challenges exist in their clinical development; thus, a better understanding of their influence on cancer biology, stability, and toxicity needs to be gained. This review discusses different types of lung cancers as well as diagnostic approaches to lung cancer. The review also explores the drug targeting mechanisms to cancer cells through nanoparticles and multi-drug resistance-associated challenges in lung cancer therapy. Various nanocarrier systems that are safe and effective for drug delivery in the treatment of lung cancer have been discussed. This communication will be of high relevance to the biological, formulation, and translational scientists working in the field of cancer biology and drug delivery. © 2023 Bentham Science Publishers.
Inorganic clay nanocomposite system for improved cholinesterase inhibition and brain pharmacokinetics of donepezil
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2020) Anurag Kumar Singh; Sunil Kumar Mishra; Gaurav Mishra; Anand Maurya; Rajendra Awasthi; Mukesh Kumar Yadav; Neelam Atri; Pawan Kumar Pandey; Santosh Kumar Singh
Objective: Brain drug delivery for effective treatment of neurodegenerative disorders is limited due to the selective permeability of blood brain barrier (BBB). During the past few years, development of novel delivery system has attracted considerable attention of formulation scientists to overcome the permeability limitation caused by BBB. Significance: Based on the outcomes of this study and taking into consideration of the unique characteristics of laponite, it can be further explored to deliver many other central nervous system acting drugs. Methods: In the present study, laponite (LAP) nanocomposites were exploited for the improved brain delivery of donepezil (DZ) following encapsulation approach due to their nano-size and positive charge at pH <9. Result: The size of prepared nanocomposites was 53.7 ± 4.0 to 137.7 ± 11.0 nm. The drug was released in a sustained manner till 120 h in phosphate buffer saline (pH 7.4) and acid phthalate buffer (pH 4.0). LAPDZ formulations inhibited acetylcholinesterase approximately by 82%, significantly higher (p < 0.05) than plain DZ (30%). Swiss albino mice exhibited enhanced brain uptake of LAPDZ administered via intravenous route. Promising pharmacokinetic parameters were observed in animals treated with LAPDZ. LAPDZ formulation showed half-life (t1/2), volume of distribution (Vd) and clearance (Cl) as 5.53 ± 0.40 h−1, 0.129 ± 0.02 L, 0.015 ± 0.002 L/h, respectively. While DZ solution showed the same parameters as 1.06 ± 0.12 h−1, 0.168 ± 0.01 L, 0.106 ± 0.013 L/h, respectively. The brain uptake of LAPDZ formulation was improved with quintuplet t1/2. Conclusion: Based on the results of present study, it is proposed that the formulated nanocomposite would result in improved patient compliance with therapeutic effect at lower doses. © 2019, © 2019 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
Molecular Docking, Standard Dynamics Trajectory Analysis and Density Functional Theory Studies of Potent Antibacterial Compounds Against Staphylococcus aureus AacA-AphD Protein to Identify Potential Lead Molecules
(AMG Transcend Association, 2024) Anand Maurya; Vinay Kumar Singh; Alka Agarwal
The in silico interactions of four potent antimicrobial compounds (3c, 3r, 3a, and 3j) with the microbial protein Aminoglycoside Phosphotransferase (2'')-Ia S376N mutant) were examined through molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, and density functional theory (DFT). Molecular docking was performed using LibDock and CDOCKER docking programs. The predicted CDOCKER_ energy of antimicrobial compounds (3c, 3r, 3a, and 3j) was (-13.8134,-13.2361,-7.0566 and-1.4893 kcalmol-1) with microbial protein 6CH4 as the best conformer. Molecular docking outcomes significantly supported the molecular simulation data. These results indicated that the potent antimicrobial compound 3c showed a highly stable agonistic affinity for the receptor. Trajectory analysis revealed that compound 3c stably interacted with and did not cause any energy changes in the residues of the protein. In addition, density functional theory analysis strongly supported these computational studies. Compound 3c exhibits a lower HOMO–LUMO energy gap. This confirmed that it was the most active molecule among the four chosen compounds. The structural information and in silico observations obtained from the study could aid in screening and fabricating new promising antimicrobial analogs for the treatment of microbial infections. © 2024 by the authors.
Molybdenum trioxide as a newer diversified economic catalyst for the transformation of nitroarenes to arylamine and 5-substituted-1H-tetrazole
(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2024) Anand Maurya; Upendra Kumar Patel; Sanjeev Kumar; Alka Agarwal
The present work has developed a straightforward, gentle, and effective approach for synthesizing arylamines and 5-substituted-1H-tetrazole derivatives, and among the two tested catalysts, molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) proved to be highly effective. The selective hydrogenation of nitroarenes to arylamines presents a significant challenge due to the complex reaction mechanism and the competitive hydrogenation of other reducible functional groups. It facilitated the transfer hydrogenation of nitrobenzene using hydrazine hydrate-produced amino compounds and enabled the [3 + 2] cycloaddition of sodium azide with aromatic nitriles to yield 5-substituted-1H-tetrazoles. The structure of compound 5-(4-bromophenyl)-1H-tetrazole (5k) was verified through single-crystal X-ray analysis, and the calculation of Green Chemistry Metrics showed the optimal range. Notably, the MoO3 catalyst can be reutilized for up to seven cycles with minimal loss of effectiveness. These attributes make molybdenum trioxide particularly attractive for industrial applications. This methodology offers several advantages over traditional synthetic methods. © 2024 The Royal Society of Chemistry.
Nanocarriers: An Advanced and Highly Effective Approach for Targeting Chronic Lung Diseases
(Springer Nature, 2022) Anand Maurya; Anurag Kumar Singh; Bhuwanendra Singh; Nidhi Singh; Sachin Kumar Agrahari; Arati Rai; Gopal Kumar Rai
With aging communities, respiratory disorders are creating an alarming situation due to the scarcity of facilities and socio-medical insurances. Among these, the CLDs are expected to be among the top four causes of death across the globe. The conventional management for these diseases includes strategies manipulating miRNA, siRNA, shRNA and drugs used in the treatment. As these require longer, sometimes lifelong treatment, there is an urgent need to formulate strategies to reduce toxicity arising from such strategies. With the advancement of knowledge and technologies, it is now known that small-sized particles result in better distribution and surface area to volume ratio. This has dawned on an era of nanotechnological research and development and their applications in the field of therapeutics. As a finer approach, nanoscale transports, of different types like liposomes, dendrimers, quantum dots, for targeted drug delivery have stabilized themselves quite effectively in the pharmaceutical therapy as discussed in detail in this chapter. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022.
Nanomedicine at the Forefront: Transforming Brain Drug Delivery with Innovative Strategies
(CRC Press, 2024) Snigdha Singh; Anurag Kumar Singh; Anand Maurya; Vivek K. Chaturvedi; Jay Singh; Santosh Kumar Singh
Recent advancements in brain drug delivery have revolutionized the field of neuroscience and opened new avenues for the treatment of neurological disorders. Overcoming the blood-brain barrier (BBB) has been a significant challenge, but innovative techniques and technologies have emerged to enhance drug delivery to the brain. Nanoparticles and nanocarriers have been engineered to encapsulate drugs and transport them across the BBB, while ultrasound-assisted drug delivery using microbubbles has shown promise in inducing transient disruptions of the BBB. Neurosurgical implants have provided a means for localized drug delivery and continuous monitoring, while gene therapy approaches have allowed for targeted treatment of genetic-based neurological disorders. Brain-machine interfaces have emerged as cutting-edge technologies, enabling direct communication between the brain and external devices for drug delivery and other therapeutic interventions. These recent advancements offer great potential for improving the efficacy and precision of brain drug delivery, ultimately leading to enhanced treatment outcomes for patients with neurological disorders. © 2024 selection and editorial matter, Anurag Kumar Singh, Vivek K. Chaturvedi, and Jay Singh; individual chapters, the contributors.
Nanovaccine: A Hope to Triumph the Battle Against Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
(Bentham Science Publishers, 2023) Anurag Kumar Singh; Anand Maurya; Gaurav Mishra; Rajendra Awasthi; Kamal Dua; Giriraj T. Kulkarni
Background: The novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) infection has caused the global emergence of coronavirus in humans during the last 12 months. Till May 11, 2021, the confirmed global COVID-19 cases and deaths reached 158551526 and 3296855, respectively. Methods: Goblet cells and ciliated cells in the nose act as the initial infection site of SARS-CoV-2. Thus, mucus immunity is important to protect from infection. The outburst of SARS-CoV-2 infection can be halted only when an effective vaccine will be developed. Results: Globally, over 100 different vaccines are under investigation, including DNA vaccines, RNA vaccines, inactivated virus vaccines, adenovirus-based vaccines, recombinant/subunit protein vaccines, peptide vaccines, virus-like particles, etc. Inactivated virus vaccines and mRNA, and adenovirus-based vaccines have moved fast into patent clinical trials. Conclusion: Vaccines containing spike protein of SARS-CoV as subunit could effectively prevent binding of coronavirus to the host cell and membrane fusion. Thus, spike protein can be used as a ma-jor target for subunit vaccine preparation. © 2023 Bentham Science Publishers.
Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and neurodegenerative disorders
(Blackwell Publishing Inc., 2020) Anurag Kumar Singh; Bharat Bhushan; Anand Maurya; Gaurav Mishra; Santosh Kumar Singh; Rajendra Awasthi
During the last few months, the whole humanity is experiencing largest and most severe sudden influx of COVID-19 outbreak caused by the novel coronavirus (CoV) originated from Wuhan, China. According to the WHO reports, total 3 862 676 positive cases and 265 961 deaths have been recorded worldwide due to COVID-19 infection as of May 9, 2020. CoVs are a large family of viruses (enveloped, single-stranded RNA viruses), which includes severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (MERS-CoV). New SARS CoV2 is the members of Betacoronavirus genus. These viruses cause infections in bats, camels and humans, and a few other associated species. Despite many neurologic complications associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, it is still unclear whether these symptoms results from direct neural injury or due to some other reason. Currently, it appears that most of the neurological symptoms of COVID-19 are nonspecific and secondary to the systemic illness. A single case of acute hemorrhagic necrotizing encephalopathy has been reported. SARS-CoV-2 associated Guillain-Barré syndrome is an atypical case. Till today, no convincing evidence is available to confirm that the SARS-CoV-2 virus directly affects nerves system in humans. However, postinfection surveillance will be necessary to identify the possible post-COVID-19 neurologic syndromes. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Recent Advancement in Bioactive Chalcone Hybrids as Potential Antimi-crobial Agents in Medicinal Chemistry
(Bentham Science Publishers, 2024) Anand Maurya; Alka Agrawal
Chalcones are flavonoid-related aromatic ketones and enones generated from plants. The chalcones have a wide range of biological activities, such as anti-tumor, calming, and antimicrobial activities. In the present review, we have focused on the recently published original research articles on chalcones as a unique antibacterial framework in medicinal chemistry. Chalcones are structurally diverse moieties and can be split into simple and hybrid chalcones, with both having core pharmacophore 1,3-diaryl-2-propen-1-one. Chalcones are isolated from natural sources and also synthesized by using various methods. Their structure-activity relationship, mecha-nisms, and list of patents are also summarized in this paper. This review article outlines the current-ly published antimicrobial chalcone hybrids and suggests that chalcone derivatives may be potential antimicrobial agents in the future. © 2024 Bentham Science Publishers.
Role of Phytoconstituents in Targeting Cytokines for Managing Pathophysiology of Lung Diseases
(Springer Nature, 2021) Anand Maurya; Anurag Kumar Singh; Harsh Yadav; Gaurav Mishra; Rajendra Awasthi; Sunil Kumar Mishra; Sushil Kumar Chaudhary
Normal lungs can be distressed by internal as well as external factors which can be reason for producing diseases. The lungs respond against these factors via a protective mechanism known as inflammation. Cytokines, small secreted proteins, play a crucial role to control these inflammations, but overproductions of cytokines create many respiratory diseases (responsible for high mortality rates). These types of respiratory diseases are treated with the help of antiinflammatory agents to minimize the pulmonary inflammation. Medicinal plants and drugs derived from plants have numerous therapeutic effects when utilized by patients. Occurrence of several active phytoconstituents in plants is useful to treat many types of inflammatory diseases. The use of medicinal plants and phytoconstituents (alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenes, and others) as curative tool in pulmonary inflammation is increasing significantly. In the current book chapter, the role of medicinal plants and phytoconstituents for the managing pathophysiology of lung diseases is appraised. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021.
Role of TREM2 in Alzheimer's disease and its consequences on β-amyloid, tau and neurofibrillary tangles
(Bentham Science Publishers, 2019) Anurag K. Singh; Gaurav Mishra; Anand Maurya; Rajendra Awasthi; Komal Kumari; Abhimanyu Thakur; Arati Rai; Gopal Kumar Rai; Bhupesh Sharma; Giriraj T. Kulkarni; Santosh Kumar Singh
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is age-related neurodegenerative disorder recognized by a steadily gradual cognitive decline that has devastating personal and socioeconomic implications. Recently, some genetic factors for AD have been identified which attracted wide attention of researchers in different areas of AD biology and possible new therapeutic targets. Alternative forms of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) genes are examples of such risk factors, which contribute higher risk for developing AD. Comprehending TREM2 function pledge to provide salient insight into how neuroinflammation contributes to AD pathology. The dearth of microglial TREM2 shepherd to augmented tau pathology is couple with frequent enhancement of activated neuronal stress kinases. The involvement of TREM2 in the regulation of tau-associated innate immune response of the CNS has clearly demonstrated through these findings. However, whether decrease level of TREM2 assists pathology of tau through changed clearance and pathological escalation of tau or through direct contact between microglia and neuron and any alternative possible mechanisms need to examine. This review briefly summarizes distinct functional roles of TREM2 in AD pathology and highlights the TREM2 gene regulation. We have also addressed the impact of TREM2 on β-amyloid plaques and tau pathology in Alzheimer’s disease. © 2019 Bentham Science Publishers.
Strategic use of nanotechnology in drug targeting and its consequences on human health: A focused review
(Akademiai Kiado Rt., 2019) Anand Maurya; Anurag Kumar Singh; Gaurav Mishra; Komal Kumari; Arati Rai; Bhupesh Sharma; Giriraj T. Kulkarni; Rajendra Awasthi
Since the development of first lipid-based nanocarrier system, about 15% of the present pharmaceutical market uses nanomedicines to achieve medical benefits. Nanotechnology is an advanced area to meliorate the delivery of compounds for improved medical diagnosis and curing disease. Nanomedicines are gaining significant interest due to the ultra small size and large surface area to mass ratio. In this review, we discuss the potential of nanotechnology in delivering of active moieties for the disease therapy including their toxicity evidences. This communication will help the formulation scientists in understanding and exploring the new aspects of nanotechnology in the field of nanomedicine. © 2019 The Author(s)
Strategies to Combat Multidrug Resistance by Non-traditional Therapeutic Approaches
(Springer Nature, 2023) Harsh Yadav; Anand Maurya; Alka Agarwal; Anurag Kumar Singh; Satish Dubey; Aditya Moktan Tamang; Reshu Agrawal; Sushil Kumar Chaudhary
Drug resistance is currently acknowledged as the most concerning healthcare issue worldwide. Antibiotic resistance in all clinically significant pathogens, a halt in the discovery and development of new antibiotics, and recurrent infections brought on by multidrug-resistant pathogens are some of the problematic aspects of the current antibiotic crisis that affect both developing and developed countries. All these issues are impeding the effectiveness of conventional antibiotics as a therapeutic option, which is why non-traditional approaches are becoming more popular. Despite several non-traditional approaches to fight drug resistance have gained interest, their use is restricted since they call for advanced diagnostics that go beyond pathogen identification, and only a few therapies have reached late-stage clinical trials. Exotoxin-targeted therapies are one of the most advanced non-traditional therapies used to treat infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium difficile. Another important non-traditional approach to treat or prevent C. difficile infection is the microbiome therapy. It is more likely that after approval of any non-traditional therapy, it would be used concomitantly with antibiotics to fudge multidrug resistance. This chapter discusses the characteristics of such unconventional therapies and how they can be applied to treat multidrug-resistant diseases. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2023.
Therapeutic Potential of Phytoconstituents in Management of Alzheimer's Disease
(Hindawi Limited, 2021) Anurag Kumar Singh; Sachchida Nand Rai; Anand Maurya; Gaurav Mishra; Rajendra Awasthi; Anshul Shakya; Dinesh Kumar Chellappan; Kamal Dua; Emanuel Vamanu; Sushil Kumar Chaudhary; M.P. Singh
Since primitive times, herbs have been extensively used in conventional remedies for boosting cognitive impairment and age-associated memory loss. It is mentioned that medicinal plants have a variety of dynamic components, and they have become a prominent choice for synthetic medications for the care of cognitive and associated disorders. Herbal remedies have played a major role in the progression of medicine, and many advanced drugs have already been developed. Many studies have endorsed practicing herbal remedies with phytoconstituents, for healing Alzheimer's disease (AD). All the information in this article was collated from selected research papers from online scientific databases, such as PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. The aim of this article is to convey the potential of herbal remedies for the prospect management of Alzheimer's and related diseases. Herbal remedies may be useful in the discovery and advancement of drugs, thus extending new leads for neurodegenerative diseases such as AD. Nanocarriers play a significant role in delivering herbal medicaments to a specific target. Therefore, many drugs have been described for the management of age-linked complaints such as dementia, AD, and the like. Several phytochemicals are capable of managing AD, but their therapeutic claims are restricted due to their lower solubility and metabolism. These limitations of natural therapeutics can be overcome by using a targeted nanocarrier system. This article will provide the primitive remedies as well as the development of herbal remedies for AD management. © 2021 Anurag Kumar Singh et al.