Browsing by Author "Anand Mishra"

Now showing 1 - 13 of 13

A study of highest nuchal line in North Indian crania
(Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences, 2015) Anand Mishra; S.H.H. Zaidi
Studies of non-metric cranial variants have been a field of considerable interest to research workers especially because of their racial and regional importance. 18 north Indian skulls of U.P. were studied for the highest nuchal line a cranial variant in the present study. Findings are discussed and compared with other global studies and are found to be of considerable regional and racial significance.
Could academic performance be a tool for screening depression: A cross-sectional study among 1st year medical students?
(2013) Shashi Kant Verma; Anand Mishra; Santosh Kumar; Vidhata Dixit
The medical curriculum leads to increased burden and stress among medical students. The consistent failure may result in depression or vice-versa. Since early diagnosis of depression could help to improve work performance, this study evaluated the association of depression with academic performance among medical students. Total 100 first year medical students (54 males and 46 females) participated in the study. Parameters used were Hamilton depression rating scale 17 (cut-offvalue 7), average attendance (cut-offvalue 70%) and average marks (cut-offvalue 50%) obtained. Chi square test was applied to analyse the association between gender and academic performance with depression. The overall prevalence of depressed medical students was 31%. The association of depression with gender was not statistically significant. The average class attendance and average marks obtained was inversely associated with the HDRS score. Thus, academic performance could be used for screening of possible depressed students by regular teaching faculty followed by their referral to the experts for more in-depth evaluations and appropriate treatment because prior screening would help in early detection of depressive cases and their early treatment as well as such screening will also reduce the burden on experts. This could reduce the rate of lowered academic performance as an adverse effect of depression.
Efavirenz-Induced Hepatic Changes in the Fetus of Swiss Albino Mice
(Springer, 2024) Anand Mishra; Akansha Sharma; Archna Yadav; V. Harsha; Amit Kumar Nayak; Kapil Kumar Malviya; Prasenjit Bose; Umesh Choudhary; Surendra Kumar Pandey
Efavirenz (EFV) is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor that binds to reverse transcriptase enzyme resulting in its allosteric inhibition. It is a constituent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) used for preventing maternal-to-child transmission of the HIV virus. Efavirenz has been classified as a class D drug which means that there have been reports of reproductive toxicity induced by it and should be used only when potential benefits outweigh the risk. Pregnant Swiss albino mice were divided into the following groups: control group (C): mice treated with distilled water (6 mice) and treated group (T): mice treated with EFV (50 mg/kg) (6 mice). All the mice were given the drug and distilled water from gestation days 6–15 by oral route. On the 18th day of gestation, each group’s mice blood was collected from retro-orbital sinus for biochemical assay, and then, they were killed by cervical dislocation. Laparotomy was done to resect out the fetuses which were weighed, and then fixed in 10% formalin. Their liver was processed for histological study under H&E and PAS stain. The microscopic study of the liver showed the reduced density of hepatoblasts and progenitor cells, deficient sinusoid formation and destruction of the central vein in the treated group as compared to the control. A significant reduction in the weight of the fetal liver was observed. The values of SGOT, SGPT and serum bilirubin were found to increase in the treated group, whereas the values of serum albumin and total protein were found to decrease. Efavirenz is a hepatotoxic drug that should be judiciously used in pregnancy. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to The National Academy of Sciences, India 2024.
Effect of 50-Hz powerline exposed magnetized water on rat kidney
(2004) Mandavi Singh; U.P. Singh; K.P. Singh; Anand Mishra
Double distilled water samples were exposed for 48 hr. to 50 Hz-powerline electromagnetic field (EMF) strength of 51.2 μT (36.2 RMS). This EMF exposed water was made available to experimental adult Charles-Foster male rats for drinking ad libitum for 30 days. On the 31st day the rats were anaesthetised with ether and then fixed by perfusion with 10% neutral formalin. The Kidneys were dissected out and further fixed in the same fixative. The corresponding control rats provided with unexposed triple distilled water were similarly treated. On gross examination, no anomaly was observed in the kidney of the exposed group. On histological examination, marked spongiform changes leading to degeneration and compensatory proliferation of the glomerular tufts and degeneration of the lining epithelia of the tubules was observed. This study adds a link in demonstrating that powerline exposure induces stable changes in water structures and effects biomechanisms of tissue fluid.
Folic acid ameliorates prenatal alcohol induced bone malformations in mice fetuses
(Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences, 2016) Uttam Shrestha; Anand Mishra; Shamsher Shrestha; Amrita Kumari; Om Shrestha; Mandavi Singh
Consumption of ethanol during pregnancy can result in different types of skeletal malformations by acting directly on the cells of the developing bone or by affecting the systemic factors required for bone development. Folic acid is one of the important water soluble B-vitamin which is required during pregnancy for proper development of fetus. Alcohol consumption has negative impact on maternal folic acid level. The objective of present study is to observe whether administration of folic acid along with alcohol reduces alcohol related bone malformations. The plug positive mice were randomly divided into four groups. Group I mice were termed as control, group II mice were given alcohol 6gm/kg body weight of mice, group III mice were administered alcohol 6gm/kg body weight and folic acid 60 mg/kg body weight of the mice while group IV mice were given only folic acid 60 mg/kg body weight. On GD 18 the pregnant mice were sacrificed and fetuses were collected. The fetuses were processed for alizarin red staining. Prenatal alcohol exposed fetuses showed different types of axial and appendicular bone malformations. When folic acid was given along with alcohol such malformations were greatly reduced showing protective effects of folic acid.
Greulich and Pyle atlas: a non-reliable skeletal maturity assessment method in the North Indian population
(Springer, 2024) Praveen Kumar Tiwari; Amit Kumar Nayak; Ashish Verma; Surendra Kumar Pandey; Anand Mishra; Deepa Devadas; Ashish Yadav; Mayank Gupta
Forensic age assessments are crucial in the evaluation of criminal responsibility and preventing false age claims. Of all the methods available, the Greulich and Pyle (GP) atlas is most commonly used for age estimation purposes. Therefore, the current study sought to analyze the reliability and applicability of the GP standard and, additionally, to determine any possible association between the socioeconomic status (SES), food habits, and estimated skeletal maturity in the North Indian population. The study included 627 (334 males and 293 females) healthy children up to 19 years of age with varying SES and food habits. The skeletal age (SA) was estimated by three different evaluators using the GP atlas. The chronological mean age (CA) and SA were compared in different age cohorts. A paired t-test and a Pearson chi-square test were applied to show the difference between CA and estimated SA and the association of skeletal maturity with SES and food habits. The estimated skeletal age in males was retarded by 0.142 years or 1.72 months (p ≤ 0.05), whereas in females, it was retarded by 0.259 years or 3.12 months (p ≤ 0.05). In males, the GP method has significantly underestimated SA in age cohorts 3–4, 4–5, 6–7, 7–8, 8–9, and 12–13, whereas it overestimated in 10–11 and 18–19 years. However, in females, the SA was significantly underestimated in age groups 10–11, 12–13, and 14–15, respectively. Estimated skeletal maturity had no significant association with SES and food habits. The current study concludes that the GP atlas may not be applicable to North India’s population. The observed difference in assessed skeletal maturity may be due to geographical region, genetics, hormonal effects, etc., which require further investigation. Hence, population-specific standards are necessary to determine the bone age of Indian children accurately. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2023.
Hepatoprotective action of andrographis peniculata against cisplatin induced toxicity in mice: A histological study
(Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences, 2014) Sant Suman Rastogi; Mandavi Singh; Mohan Kumar; Anand Mishra; Uttam Shrestha
Platinum complex cisplatin (CP) is one of the most potent drugs, widely used in chemotherapy against neoplasia. It is known to exhibit hepatotoxicity. The medicinal plant Andrographis peniculata (AP), used in this study is well known to be hepatoprotective. So we take this experiment to see the effect of AP extract against cisplatin induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Swiss albino female mice, randomly divided into six different groups. Group I was controls. Group IInd received single dose of CP intraperitoneally in dose of 6 mg/kg body weight. Group IIIrd mice were given low dose of AP (20 mg/kg body weight) only whereas Group IV high dose of AP (50 mg/kg body weight) for period of 8 days. Group Vth and VIth received CP along with low and high dose of AP respectively. Mice were sacrificed on 9th day of treatments. Liver was dissected out, and processed for histopathological studies. Liver of CP treated mice exhibited hepatic and nuclear degeneration along with dilation of sinusoids and central vein. Administration of AP reduces toxic effect of cisplatin on liver. On the basis of the findings it can be concluded that Andrographis peniculata is beneficial against cisplatin induced hepatotoxicity in mice.
Palliative effect of piracetam on valproate induced liver injury
(Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences, 2014) Shamsher Shrestha; Mandavi Singh; Uttam Shrestha; Anand Mishra
Valproic acid is one of the main antiepileptic drug which is a branched chain carboxylic acid used for absence seizures. The depletion of ß-oxidation as well as increased synthesis of toxic unsaturated valproic acid derivatives results in severe hepatotoxicity. Piracetam is a nootropic or cognitive enhancing agent which is used to treat cognitive impairment in aging, brain injuries as well as dementia. The objective of the present study is to observe the ameliorative effect of piracetam in valproic acid induced liver injury. Experimental mice were divided into four groups. Group I mice termed as control received distilled water. Group II mice was administered valproic acid at the dose of 500mg/kg/body, group III mice was given piracetam at the dose of 800 mg/kg while group IV mice received both valproic acid and piracetam in the same dose for 6 days. The mice were sacrificed and their liver was collected for histological study. There was marked degeneration and destruction of laminar pattern of hepatocytes as well as reduction in glycogen granules. The intensity of the toxic effects of valproic acid was considerably reduced by piracetam. This shows that piracetam act as a protective agent in Valproic acid induced insult to the liver.
Prenatal desvenlafaxine induced behavioural alterations in Swiss albino mice
(Indian Academy of Neurosciences, 2014) Amrita Kumari; Mandavi Singh; Anshuman Trigunayat; Anand Mishra; Shamsher Shrestha; Uttam Shrestha
Background: Desvenlafaxine is used as an antidepressant and acts by inhibiting reuptake of serotonin and noradrenaline. Purpose: The safety profile of desvenlafaxine has not yet been established during pregnancy, so we planned this study to see the behavioral changes in pups of mice who received desvenlafaxine during gestational period. Methods: Swiss albino mice were used for the present study. The treated group was given desvenlafaxine orally in the dose of 80 mg/kg from 1st to 6th day of gestation and other group was given tap water by same route. Results: Desvenlafaxine treated mice in group 2, i.e. for the gestation period 1-6 showed increased activity and decrease anxiety in open field and elevated plus maze test as compared to control. However, after chronic exposure for the duration of 18 days the offspring showed increased anxiety and fearfulness as compared to controls. Conclusion: Above findings suggest that desvenlafaxine have a deleterious effect on brain development, thus resulting in abnormal anxiety states, possibly through altering uptake of serotonin and nor-epinephrine.
Swarna Bhasma reduces the blood concentration of tumor-specific signatures and protects from hepatocellular damages in Ehrlich ascites mice model
(Elsevier B.V., 2025) Namrata Joshi; Pankaj Kumar; Shiwakshi Sharma; Remya Jayakumar; Anand Mishra; V. Harsha; Manoj Kumar Dash
Background: The paradigm shift with alarmingly high rate of global cancer incidences encourages the application of incinerated gold Nano powder, Swarna Bhasma (SB) due to its exceptional potency, affordability, and minimal toxic effects. Previous experimental investigations were unable to provide a biochemical understanding of the anti-carcinogenic properties of SB. Objective: To evaluate the tumour related markers in blood and possible alteration in hepatic parameters due to SB. Methods: EAC (Ehrlich's Ascites Carcinoma) induced tumour was generated in the female Swiss albino mice divided into 6 groups, namely, Vehicle Control (VC), Disease Control (DC), Standard Control (SC), and Treatment Groups with escalating doses (1.95, 3.9, and 7.8 mg/kg body weight) of SB. Blood serum quantified was measured for the levels of CEA (Carcinoembryonic antigen), TNF-α (Tumour Necrosis Factoralpha), IL-6 (Interleukin-6), ALT (Alanine transaminase), and AST (Aspartate aminotransferase). Changes in daily food consumption, body weight, and tumour volume (with Vernier caliper) were coherently studied and analysed. The data was analysed using One-Way ANOVA and Tukey's Honest Significance Test. Result: SB demonstrated effective reduction of CEA levels at higher doses, and TNF-α levels at medium doses. Both moderate and high doses exhibited a noteworthy, dosedependent decrease in IL-6 levels. Furthermore, SB led to a dose-dependent reduction in the AST/ALT ratio. A significant reduction in tumour volume were reported in both the moderate and high doses of SB along with marked improvement in anorexia. The higher doses of SB exhibited the serum validated results in the hepatic, renal and the splenic tissues. Conclusion: The anti-carcinogenic activity of SB appeared to be dose-dependent. The finding also underscored the hepato-protective capability of SB in lower dose by alleviating cancer-related liver damage © 2025 The Authors
Teratological study of lamivudine in swiss albino mice
(Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, 2018) Nidhi Sunhare; Anand Mishra
Aims and Objectives: Lamivudine is a nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor used for treatment of hepatitis B and HIV virus infection in pregnant females and to prevent maternal to child transmission. The present study is aimed to investigate the teratogenicity of Lamivudine in growing embryo in swiss albino mice. Material and Method: Lamivudine was given to pregnant Swiss Albino mice by oral gavage in doses of 18mg/kg body weight and 30mg/kg body weight from 6-15th day of gestation. The control mice were fed distilled water by the same route on the same gestational days. The pregnant mice were sacrificed on 18th day of gestation by cervical dislocation. The foetuses and placentae were observed for any gross malformation. Result: On the gross examination it was observed that there was a significant reduction in the weight of foetuses and growth retardation. Also haemorrhagic patches were observed on the body. Reduction in weight and diameter of placenta size was not significant. Conclusion: Lamivudine causes teratological changes in mice foetus and should be used judiciously in pregnant females. © 2018, Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology. All rights reserved.
The multi-protein targeting potential of bioactive syringin in inflammatory diseases: using molecular modelling and in-silico analysis of regulatory elements
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2024) Vipendra Kumar Singh; D.C. Thakur; Naina Rajak; Anand Mishra; Ankur Kumar; Rajanish Giri; Neha Garg
Inflammation plays a crucial role in the onset or progression of a variety of acute and chronic diseases. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the only available FDA-approved therapy. The therapeutic outcome of NSAIDs is still finite due to off-target effects and extreme side effects on other vital organs. Bioactive syringin has been manifested to hold anti-osteoporosis, cardiac hypertrophy, alter autophagy, anti-cancer, neuro-preventive effects, etc. However, its multi-protein targeting potential in inflammation mostly remains unexplored. In the present work, we have checked the multi-protein targeting potential of bioactive glycoside syringin in inflammatory diseases. Based on the binding score of protein-ligand complexes, glycoside syringin scored greater than −7 kcal/mol against 12 inflammatory proteins. Our molecular dynamic simulation study (200 ns) confirmed that bioactive syringin remained inside the binding cavity of inflammatory proteins (JAK1, TYK2, and COX1) in a stable conformation. Further, our co-expression analysis suggests that these genes play an essential role in multiple pathways and are regulated by multiple miRNAs. Our study demonstrates that bioactive glycoside syringin might be a multi-protein targeting potential against inflammatory diseases and could be further investigated utilizing different preclinical approaches. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma. © 2023 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
Unraveling variations in celiac trunk and hepatic artery by ct angiography to aid in surgeries of upper abdominal region
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2021) Kapil Kumar Malviya; Ashish Verma; Amit Kumar Nayak; Anand Mishra; Raghunath Shahaji More
Understanding of variations in the course and source of abdominal arteries is crucial for any surgical intervention in the peritoneal space. Intricate surgeries of the upper abdominal region, such as hepato-biliary, pancreatic, gastric and splenic surgeries, require precise knowledge of regular anatomy and different variations related to celiac trunk and hepatic artery. In addition, information about the origin of inferior phrenic artery is important in conditions such as hepatocellular carcinoma and gastroesophageal bleeding management. The present study gives an account of anatomical variations in origin and branching pattern of celiac trunk and hepatic artery by the use of CT (computed tomographic) angiography. The study was performed on 110 (66 females and 44 males) patients in a north Indian population. Results unraveled the most common celiac trunk variation as hepatosplenic trunk with left gastric artery, which was observed in 60% of cases, more common in females than in males. Gastrosplenic and hepato-gastric trunk could be seen in 4.55% and 1.82% cases respectively. Gastrosplenic trunk was more commonly found in females, whereas hepato-gastric trunk was more common in males. A gastrosplenic trunk, along with the hepato-mesenteric trunk, was observed in 1.82% cases and was more common in males. A celiacomesenteric trunk, in which the celiac trunk and superior mesenteric artery originated as a common trunk from the aorta, was seen only in 0.91% of cases, and exhibited an origin of right and left inferior phrenic artery from the left gastric artery. The most common variation of hepatic artery, in which the right hepatic artery was replaced and originated from the superior mesenteric artery, was observed in 3.64%, cases with a more common occurrence in males. In 1.82% cases, the left hepatic artery was replaced and originated from the left gastric artery, which was observed only in females. Common hepatic artery originated from the superior mesenteric artery, as observed in 1.82% cases, with slightly higher occurrence in males. These findings not only add to the existing knowledge apart from giving an overview of variations in north Indian population, but also give an account of their correlation with gender. The present study will prove to be important for various surgeries of the upper abdominal region. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.