Browsing by Author "Anil Kumar Tiwari"

Now showing 1 - 9 of 9

A comparative study of in vitro contractility between gut tissues of Hirschsprung’s disease and other gut malformations
(Mr Bhawani Singh, 2017) Anil Kumar Tiwari; Sanjeev K. Singh; Ratna Pandey; Phani Bhushan Singh; Shashikant C. U. Patne; Ajay N. Gangopadhyay; Maloy B. Mandal
Background: Hirschsprung’s disease and other gut malformations commonly present with obstructive features of gut in pediatric age group. Problem of obstruction persists even after resection and anastomosis operation. Aims and Objectives: This in vitro comparative study was performed to assess the gut contractility to chemical mediators such as Acetylcholine and Histamine between Hirschsprung’s disease and other gut malformations. Materials and Methods: The longitudinal muscle strips of Hirschsprung’s cases and other gut malformations (non-Hirschsprung’s cases) were placed in Dales organ bath containing Krebs-Ringer solution, continuously bobbled with 100% O2 at 28°C. Gut contractions were recorded using Power Lab 4/ST system and was analyzed using software CHART-5 for windows. Control contractions were recorded against initial tension of 0.5 g. Subsequently, agonist (acetylcholine, histamine)-induced contractions were recorded before and after appropriate antagonists (atropine, pheniramine). Before values of agonist-induced contractions of Hirschsprung and non-Hirschsprung’s cases were compared. Values of agonist-induced contractions obtained after pretreatment with antagonists were also compared between Hirschsprung and non-Hirschsprung’s cases. Results: Acetylcholine enhanced contractions in non-Hirschsprung’s cases and it caused small increase in amplitude of contractions in Hirschsprung’s cases. Atropine pretreatment blocked acetylcholine-induced contractions significantly in non-Hirschsprung’s cases, whereas it failed to block in the Hirschsprung’s cases. Histamine augmented contractions in both Hirschsprung and non-Hirschsprung’s cases. H1 antagonist, pheniramine failed to block the contractility in both the cases. Conclusion: Findings of this study suggested that acetylcholine increased gut contractility significantly in non-Hirschsprung’s cases involving muscarinic-cholinergic pathways, whereas histamine increased gut contractility in both Hirschsprung’s disease and non-Hirschsprung’s cases and it is not mediated by H1 receptors. © 2017 Sanjeev K Singh, et al.
A survey of research in industrial geography in india
(Institute of Indian Geographers, 2014) V.N. Sharma; Anil Kumar Tiwari
Though, industries play a dominant role in the development of a country, yet researches on industrial phenomenon, especially in geography can be counted on fingers. Among Indian geographers, it has never been an issue of interest. However, some studies, surely, attract the scholars of industrial geography but there is a lack of specific studies on industrial development. Before independence, afew works were done in the field by Indian geographers who have mainly worked on different themes related to location and distribution pattern of industries, resource base for industries, industrial impact on urbanisation, environment impact, socio-economic impacts, industrial finance, industrial linkages, and analysis of some specific industries. Besides, policy oriented studies, de-industrialisation, impact of globalisation on industrial development and specific studies on sickness of industries and its management, are least accounted for research. The main purpose of the present paper is to outline a survey of researches in industrial geography done by Indian geographers.
Effect of agonist and antagonist on the in vitro contractility of inflamed vermiform appendix
(Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 2017) Phani Bhushan Singh; Pushpakant Tiwary; Sanjeev K Singh; Ratna Pandey; Atanu Roy; Amrita Ghosh Kar; Somprakas Basu; Anil Kumar Tiwari
Introduction: Appendicitis poses a great health problem worldwide. Previous studies demonstrated structural damage to neuronal network and interstitial cell of Cajal in appendicitis. Above observations suggest for the alterations in appendicular motility/contractility in appendicitis. But the mechanisms involved in mediating the contractility in inflamed vermiform appendix is not known till date. Aim: The present in vitro study was performed to find out the mechanisms responsible for contractility in the inflamed human vermiform appendix. Materials and Methods: Contractions of the longitudinal muscle strips of inflamed appendix were recorded in vitro at 37±0.5°C. Control contractions were recorded for 30 min after an initial tension of 0.5 gram. Initially dose-response experiments of agonists (acetylcholine, serotonin and histamine) were performed separately and the dose that produced maximum contraction was determined with each agonist. This maximal dose of agonist was used to elicit contractions in next series of experiments before and after pre-treatment with appropriate antagonists like atropine, ondansetron (5-HT3 antagonist) and chlorpheniramine maleate respectively. Results: Acetylcholine (ACh) and serotonin (5-HT) elicited maximum amplitude of contraction at 10 µM and 1 µM concentration respectively. These contractions were significantly blocked by prior exposure of muscle strips with atropine (100 µM) and ondansetron (10 µM). Histamine produced very low amplitude of contractions in comparison to ACh or 5-HT and did not exhibit dose-response relations. The histamine induced contractions were blocked by H1 antagonist chlorpheniramine maleate (100 µM). Conclusion: The observations suggested that the contractility of longitudinal muscle strips of inflamed vermiform appendix in human beings was predominantly mediated by muscarinic and serotonergic (5-HT3) mechanisms, whereas, histaminergic mechanisms played a minor role in mediating the contractility. © 2017, Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. All rights reserved.
Effects of chronic ingestion of Bisphenol A on gut contractility in rats
(Mr Bhawani Singh, 2017) Devarshi Dixit; Sanjeev K. Singh; Anil Kumar Tiwari; Maloy B. Mandal
Background: Bisphenol A (BPA) is a plastic toxin widely used in manufacturing of plastic containers. It is known to produce a variety of toxic effects on body functions including reproduction, metabolism, and development. Despite the fact that the gastrointestinal tract is chronically exposed to food containing BPA, its effect on the gut motility is poorly understood. Aims and Objectives: The present study attempted to assess the small and large gut contractility in vitro in male rats fed with BPA-mixed food for 28 days. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out in 8 adult male albino rats of 150-200 g weight. One group (4 rats) was subjected to daily oral administration of BPA (50 µg/kg/day) for 28 days. Another group of 4 rats was Sham-fed and served as control. With the help of organ bath preparations and computerized data acquisition system, in vitro isometric contraction (spontaneous and agonist-induced) was recorded from small gut (distal ileum) and large gut (mid colon) segments. Results: Recordings of spontaneous contractions revealed significantly (P < 0.05) decreased contractile tension in small gut and a decrease in both tension and frequency in large gut of the BPA-fed group of rats. Conclusion: Chronic exposure of BPA depresses spontaneous and agonist-induced contractility of small and large gut of rats. © 2017 Maloy B Mandal, et al.
Isolation and purification of antibacterial compound from streptomyces levis collected from soil sample of north India
(Public Library of Science, 2018) Vineeta Singh; Shafiul Haque; Shruti Khare; Anil Kumar Tiwari; Diksha Katiyar; Bikram Banerjee; Krishna Kumari; C.K.M. Tripathi
During the screening programme for microbial cultures producing antimicrobial agents, an active microbial strain of Streptomyces was isolated from the agricultural soil of Narnaul, Haryana India. Physiological, biochemical characteristics and 16S ribosomal RNA sequence homology studies revealed that it was similar to Streptomyces levis (sequence similarity 100%). The microbial strain was submitted to Genomebio Technologies Pvt. Ltd., Pune, Maharashtra, India under Accession No. EU124569. The isolated strain was found to produce extracellular active compound showing strong antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae MTCC 109, Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC 741 and Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 96. The antibacterial compound was successfully isolated and purified. Structure elucidation of antibacterial metabolite with EI-MS/ HRMS showed molecular ion peak at m/z 686 [M+H]+. Whereas, elemental analysis of the said compound showed C = 61.31, H = 8.61, N = 2.04 and O = 28.02, and indicated a molecular formula of C35H59NO12. The presence of ‘chromone’ nucleus in the compound’s chemical structure was confirmed by using 1HNMR studies. The present study reports the purification of potential antibacterial compound from Streptomyces levis isolated from the unexplored soil of north India and warrants for further characterization of this potential compound for optimum utilization for antimicrobial purposes. © 2018 Singh et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Nerve conduction study in young children suffering from cerebral palsy
(Scientific Scholar, 2023) Indrani Basak; Anil Kumar Tiwari; Rajniti Prasad; Ratna Pandey; Tej Bali Singh; Maloy B. Mandal; Priyanka Bhagat
Objectives: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a motor impairment syndrome leading to disorders of movement and posture. Screening of electrophysiological parameters Hoffman reflex (H-reflex and nerve conduction velocities) becomes a necessary for the early detection and management of the disease. The study aimed to assess the various electrophysiological parameters of nerve conduction velocity in CP and age-matched normal children. Matrials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was performed between children suffering from CP and healthy control. A total of 27 children of 12-24 months of age of either sex were examined. Among them, six children were normal (with age match), seven were diagnosed with spastic CP and remaining 14 children were diagnosed with hypotonic CP The electrophysiological parameters were recorded in the right lower limb (posterior tibial nerve-soleus muscle) of all children. Results: In electrophysiological parameters, H-reflex latency in secs values was significantly decreased in all CP children. The maximum amplitudes of reflexly excitable motor neurons (Hmax) (mV) and Hmax/maximum amplitude of motor response ratio in the gastrocnemius-soleus muscle were significantly increased in spastic CPas compared to control. H-reflex conduction velocity (HRCV) was significantly higher than motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) in hypotonic CP children. Conclusion: The electrophysiological parameters were altered in spastic CP children. The electrophysiological parameters in hypotonic CP were within range, indicating they did not suppress the neuronal motor pool. However, HRCV was significantly more than MNCV in hypotonic CP, suggesting some myelination process defect/white matter injury in motor neurons. We concluded that the electrophysiological parameters of the nerve conduction study are a reliable test for the assessment of tone of muscles in children. Thus, it may help in the early initiation of the treatment and therapies in CP children. © 2023 Published by Scientific Scholar on behalf of Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology.
Plastic toxin Bisphenol-A depresses the contractile activity of rat ileum and colon in vitro
(Association of Physiologists and Pharmacologists of India, 2018) Kumari Nirja; Parul Sharma; Anil Kumar Tiwari; M.B. Mandal
Bisphenol A (BPA), a plastic toxin, is required in the production of various plastic items including water bottles, baby feeding bottles and other food and beverage containers. Since, the primary source of human exposure to BPA is the leachate from food and beverage containers, gastro intestinal tissues are particularly susceptible to BPA-induced changes. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to explore the possible effects of BPA on contractility in adult rat ileum and colon. In an organ bath preparation, isometric contractions were recorded from segments of dissected out colon and ileum, with the help of force transducer and digitized data acquisition system. The results indicated that BPA (1-100 μM) significantly (p<0.05) depresses contractile tension and frequency of ileum and colon in a dose dependent manner. Further, the exploration of possible mechanisms for BPA-induced decline in contractile responses revealed that the decrease in contractility was independent of estrogen receptors, nitric oxide and cholinergic system. © 2018, Association of Physiologists and Pharmacologists of India. All rights reserved.
Role of vagus in mediating the toxicity induced by Mesobuthus tamulus venom in rats
(Mr Bhawani Singh, 2017) Ratna Pandey; Anil Kumar Tiwari; Shripad B. Deshpande
Background: Mesobuthus tumulus (red scorpion, MBT) envenomation is a serious health problem in tropical countries and is responsible for high morbidity and mortality. Aims and Objectives: Earlier reports about the role of vagus in producing MBT venom-induced toxicity are conflicting. Therefore, in this study, the role of vagus in MBT venom-induced toxicity in rats was evaluated. Materials and Methods: The rats were divided into three groups. In group I, only saline was injected. This group served as control. In group II, MBT venom was injected. In group III, MBT venom was injected in vagotomized rats. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), ECG (for heart rate [HR]), respiratory rate, pulmonary water content, and survival time were determined in all groups. Results: Exposure to MBT venom in rats produced prolonged apnea with intermittent shallow breathing and was accompanied by an instantaneous decrease, followed by an increase and then a progressive decrease in MAP and HR leading to death within 60 min. There was increased pulmonary water content (82% vs. 74% in controls). MBT venom in vagotomized rats produced immediate changes as before, but these changes recovered to reasonably good level within 30 min and the animals survived for >120 min. Pulmonary water content in vagotomized rats was similar to control group. Conclusion: The results indicate that vagus plays a vital role for the toxic effects produced by MBT venom. © 2017, Mr Bhawani Singh. All rights reserved.
Toxicity of scorpion (Buthus tamulus) venom in mammals is influenced by the age and species
(1993) Anil Kumar Tiwari; Shripad B. Deshpande
The present study was undertaken to determine the toxicity of scorpion (Buthus tamulus) venom in young and adult rats, as well as in different species of adult animals (rats, mice and guinea-pigs). The median lethal dose (ld50; mg/kg s.c.) of scorpion venom in young and adult rats was 2.2±0.21 and 1.3±0.14, respectively. The ld50 value for mice (7.2±1.35) was significantly greater than adult rats or guinea-pigs (1.14±0.08). The ld50 dose for i.v. route in anaesthetized adult rats was 95±13.2 μg/kg weight, which is 13 times less than that required for s.c. route. The results show that the lethality of scorpion venom in mammals differs with the age and species of the animals. © 1993.