Browsing by Author "Ankit Kumar Malik"

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Bimetallic Au–Ag Nanoparticles: Advanced Nanotechnology for Tackling Antimicrobial Resistance
(MDPI, 2022) Chandrashekhar Singh; Abhishesh Kumar Mehata; Vishnu Priya; Ankit Kumar Malik; Aseem Setia; M. Nikitha Lakshmi Suseela; M. Nikitha Lakshmi Vikas; Patharaj Gokul; Patharaj Samridhi; Sanjeev K. Singh; Madaswamy S. Muthu
To date, there are no antimicrobial agents available in the market that have absolute control over the growing threat of bacterial strains. The increase in the production capacity of antibiotics and the growing antibacterial resistance of bacteria have majorly affected a variety of businesses and public health. Bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) with two separate metals have been found to have stronger antibacterial potential than their monometallic versions. This enhanced antibacterial efficiency of bimetallic nanoparticles is due to the synergistic effect of their participating monometallic counterparts. To distinguish between bacteria and mammals, the existence of diverse metal transport systems and metalloproteins is necessary for the use of bimetallic Au–Ag NPs, just like any other metal NPs. Due to their very low toxicity toward human cells, these bimetallic NPs, particularly gold–silver NPs, might prove to be an effective weapon in the arsenal to beat emerging drug-resistant bacteria. The cellular mechanism of bimetallic nanoparticles for antibacterial activity consists of cell membrane degradation, disturbance in homeostasis, oxidative stress, and the production of reactive oxygen species. The synthesis of bimetallic nanoparticles can be performed by a bottom-up and top-down strategy. The bottom-up technique generally includes sol-gel, chemical vapor deposition, green synthesis, and co-precipitation methods, whereas the top-down technique includes the laser ablation method. This review highlights the key prospects of the cellular mechanism, synthesis process, and antibacterial capabilities against a wide range of bacteria. Additionally, we also discussed the role of Au–Ag NPs in the treatment of multidrug-resistant bacterial infection and wound healing. © 2022 by the authors.
Carboxymethyl Chitosan Capped Bimetallic Nanoparticles Entrapped in Theranostic Nanofibers: Antimicrobial Peptide Coating, In Vitro, In Vivo Characterization for MDR Microbial Infection and Photoacoustic/Optical Imaging
(American Chemical Society, 2025) Ankit Kumar Malik; Aseem Setia; Dipti Verma; Matte Kasi Viswanadh; Ashim Mukherjee; Madaswamy Sona S Muthu
Wound dressings, integrated with nanotechnology, have garnered considerable attention recently due to their ability to synergistically combine antimicrobial efficacy with wound healing properties, while also supporting adherence to standardized wound care protocols. We have developed smart theranostic wound dressings composed of carboxymethyl chitosan coated gold-silver-LL37 nanoparticles (G-S-CMC-Pep-NPs), of 155.1 ± 11.2 nm in size and a charge over the surface of +34.6 ± 3.7 mV. The optimized G-S-CMC-Pep-NPs were observed to exhibit minimal inhibitory and bactericidal concentration in the range of 0.390-0.781 μg/mL, also illustrated the maximum zone of inhibition (ZOI) of 21.61 ± 1.06 and 18.85 ± 1.22 mm, toward multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus respectively. TEM analysis of the microbial cells post-12-h treatment revealed irregularly undulating and disrupted cell walls, loss of cell wall integrity, and evidence of DNA condensation. Additionally, hemolysis assays demonstrated that G-S-CMC-Pep-NPs exhibited a nonhemolytic profile when tested on rodent blood, indicating their excellent biocompatibility. Furthermore, G-S-CMC-Pep-NPs were uniformly integrated into chitosan poly(vinyl alcohol) nanofibers (G-S-CMC-Pep-NPs-NFs) having a size ranging from 100 to 350 nm, resulting in an antimicrobial wound dressing, when applied to microbial-infected wounds in mice, achieved a 92.4% wound closure rate within 12 days of treatment. Additionally, this study is further substantiated through the analysis of wound marker protein expression levels, along with in vivo optical and ultrasound/photoacoustic imaging. The ultrasound/photoacoustic imaging offered an in-depth evaluation of the complex wound healing mechanism, enabling real-time visualization, high-resolution spatial imaging, and precise assessment of blood flow dynamics. © 2025 American Chemical Society.
Corrigendum to “Nanofibers of N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan capped bimetallic nanoparticles: Preparation, characterization, wound dressing and in vivo treatment of MDR microbial infection and tracking by optical and photoacoustic imaging” [Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 263 (2024) 130154](S0141813024009577)(10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130154)
(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Ankit Kumar Malik; Chandrashekhar Singh; Abhishesh Kumar Mehata; Vikas; Aseem Setia; Madaswamy S. Muthu; Punit Tiwari; Dipti Verma; Ashim Mukherjee
The authors regret a mistake, which was entirely unintentional and occurred during the final stages of figure preparation. Specifically, during the data consolidation and visualization process, due to a labelling mistake in our repository of the same animal group, the 7B Untreated Day 4 images were mistakenly over-copied in the 7B Untreated Day 12 folder and the experimental results for Untreated Day 12 was inadvertently selected. Despite our thorough review processes though typically rigorous, we failed to catch this error by our naked eyes due to the compressed timeframe and multiple concurrent reviews. We have prepared a corrected version of Fig. 7B Untreated Day 12 which accurately reflects our findings and data discussed in the article, whereas the 7B Untreated Day 4 data is correct.[Formula presented] Fig. 7: (B) Skin histological studied under brightfield microscope (at 100× magnification) 4th day, 8th day and 12th day. The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.
Design of novel bioadhesive chitosan film loaded with bimetallic gold-silver nanoparticles for antibiofilm and wound healing activity
(Institute of Physics, 2023) Chandrashekhar Singh; Abhishesh Kumar Mehata; Vikas; Punit Tiwari; Aseem Setia; Ankit Kumar Malik; Sanjeev K Singh; Ragini Tilak; Madaswamy S Muthu
Microbial infections and antibiotic resistance are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The bimetallic chitosan (CS)-capped gold-silver nanoparticles (CS-AuAg-NPs) were prepared by the seeded growth synthesis technique. The nanoparticles were optimized for particle size (PS), zeta potential (ZP) and antibacterial activity by Box-Behnken design at three levels and three factors. The developed CS-AuAg-NPs were polydispersed with mean hydrodynamic PS in the range of 55 - 289 nm and ZP ranges from +8.53 mV to +38.6 mV. The optimized CS-AuAg-NPs found to have a minimum inhibitory concentration and minimal bactericidal concentration of 1.625 ± 0.68 and 3.25 ± 0.74 µg ml−1 towards multidrug resistant (MDR) Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MDR AT) and 3.25 ± 0.93 and 3.25 ± 0.86 µg ml−1 towards MDR S. aureus clinical isolate MDR1695 (MDR CI) strain, respectively. The CS-AuAg-NPs were much more effective against MDR AT and MDR CI compared to clindamycin standard. The live/dead assay of clinical isolates strain demonstrated significant reduction of bacterial cells ∼67.52 folds compared to control group in 12 h. The hemolysis study suggested that CS-AuAg-NPs were non-hemolytic and safer for application in the wound. Furthermore, CS-AuAg-NPs were distributed in the CS film, which showed 87% wound recovery after 7 d in mice model. Hence, we concluded that CS-AuAg-NPs was safer and more effective against MDR bacteria and capable of skin regeneration in the infected wound. © 2023 IOP Publishing Ltd
Nanofibers of N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan capped bimetallic nanoparticles: Preparation, characterization, wound dressing and in vivo treatment of MDR microbial infection and tracking by optical and photoacoustic imaging
(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Ankit Kumar Malik; Chandrashekhar Singh; Punit Tiwari; Dipti Verma; Abhishesh Kumar Mehata; Vikas; Aseem Setia; Ashim Mukherjee; Madaswamy S. Muthu
Recent advancements in wound care have led to the development of interactive wound dressings utilizing nanotechnology, aimed at enhancing healing and combating bacterial infections while adhering to established protocols. Our novel wound dressings consist of N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan capped gold‑silver nanoparticles (Au-Ag-TMC-NPs), with a mean size of 108.3 ± 8.4 nm and a zeta potential of +54.4 ± 1.8 mV. These optimized nanoparticles exhibit potent antibacterial and antifungal properties, with minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 0.390 μg ml−1 to 3.125 μg ml−1 and also exhibited promising zones of inhibition against multi-drug resistant strains of S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and C. albicans. Microbial transmission electron microscopy reveals substantial damage to cell walls and DNA condensation post-treatment. Furthermore, the nanoparticles demonstrate remarkable inhibition of microbial efflux pumps and are non-hemolytic in human blood. Incorporated into polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan nanofibers, they form Au-Ag-TMC-NPs-NFs with diameters of 100–350 nm, facilitating efficient antimicrobial wound dressing. In vivo studies on MDR microbial-infected wounds in mice showed 99.34 % wound healing rate within 12 days, corroborated by analyses of wound marker protein expression levels and advanced imaging techniques such as ultrasound/photoacoustic imaging, providing real-time visualization and blood flow assessment for a comprehensive understanding of the dynamic wound healing processes. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.
PLGA Nanoplatform for the Hypoxic Tumor Delivery: Folate Targeting, Therapy, and Ultrasound/Photoacoustic Imaging
(American Chemical Society, 2024) Abhishesh Kumar Mehata; Jyoti Bonlawar; Rupen Tamang; Ankit Kumar Malik; Aseem Setia; Shailendra Kumar; Ranadheer Reddy Challa; Bhaskar Vallamkonda; Biplob Koch; Madaswamy S. Muthu
Effective targeting of breast tumors is critical for improving therapeutic outcomes in breast cancer treatment. Additionally, hypoxic breast cancers are difficult to treat due to resistance toward chemotherapeutics, poor vascularity, and enhanced angiogenesis, which complicate effective drug delivery and therapeutic response. Addressing this formidable challenge requires designing a drug delivery system capable of targeted delivery of the anticancer agent, inhibition of efflux pump, and suppression of the tumor angiogenesis. Here, we have introduced Palbociclib (PCB)-loaded PLGA nanoparticles (NPs) consisting of chitosan-folate (CS-FOL) for folate receptor-targeted breast cancer therapy. The developed NPs were below 219 nm with a smooth, spherical surface shape. The entrapment efficiencies of NPs were achieved up to 85.78 ± 1.8%. Targeted NPs demonstrated faster drug release at pH 5.5, which potentiated the therapeutic efficacy of NPs due to the acidic microenvironment of breast cancer. In vitro cellular uptake study in MCF-7 cells confirmed the receptor-mediated endocytosis of targeted NPs. In vivo ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging studies on rats with hypoxic breast cancer showed that targeted NPs significantly reduced tumor growth and hypoxic tumor volume, and suppressed angiogenesis. © 2024 American Chemical Society.
Polyvinyl alcohol-chitosan based oleanolic acid nanofibers against bacterial infection: In vitro studies and in vivo evaluation by optical and laser Doppler imaging modalities
(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Paresh Badgujar; Ankit Kumar Malik; Abhishesh Kumar Mehata; Aseem Setia; Nidhi Verma; Nandini Randhave; Vishwa Nath Shukla; Vilas Kande; Priya Singh; Punit Tiwari; Sanjeev Kumar Mahto; Madaswamy S. Muthu
The present work focuses on the fabrication of polyvinyl alcohol-chitosan-loaded oleanolic acid-nanofibers (PVA-CS-OLA-NFs) for bacterial infection. The prepared PVA-CS-OLA-NFs were characterized for contact angle, SEM, AFM, XRD, FTIR, and TGA. The solid-state characterization and in vitro performance evaluation of nanofibers reveal consistent interconnection and diameters ranging from 102 ± 9.5 to 386 ± 11.6 nm. The nanofibers have a flat surface topography and exhibit efficient drug entrapment. Moreover, the in vitro release profile of PVA-CS-OLA-NFs was found to be 51.82 ± 1.49 % at 24 h. Furthermore, the hemocompatibility study showed that the developed PVA-CS-OLA-NFs are non-hemolytic to human blood. The PVA-CS-OLA-NFs demonstrate remarkable antibacterial capabilities, as evidenced by their MBC and MIC values, which range from 128 and 32 μg/mL, against the strains of S. aureus. The in-vivo fluorescence optical imaging showed the sustained PVA-CS-OLA-NFs release at the wound site infected with S. aureus for a longer duration of time. Moreover, the PVA-CS-OLA-NFs showed superior wound healing performance against S. aureus infected wounds compared to the marketed formulation. Further, the laser Doppler imaging system improved oxygen saturation, blood supply, and wound healing by providing real-time blood flow and oxygen saturation information. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.
Redox-Sensitive Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) Nanoparticles of Palbociclib: Development, Ultrasound/Photoacoustic Imaging, and Smart Breast Cancer Therapy
(American Chemical Society, 2024) Piyush Dhamija; Abhishesh Kumar Mehata; Rupen Tamang; Jyoti Bonlawar; None Vaishali; Ankit Kumar Malik; Aseem Setia; Shailendra Kumar; Ranadheer Reddy Challa; Biplob Koch; Madaswamy S. Muthu
Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality in women globally. The efficacy of breast cancer treatments, notably chemotherapy, is hampered by inadequate localized delivery of anticancer agents to the tumor site, resulting in compromised efficacy and increased systemic toxicity. In this study, we have developed redox-sensitive poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles for the smart delivery of palbociclib (PLB) to breast cancer. The particle size of formulated PLB@PLGA-NPs (nonredox-sensitive) and RS-PLB@PLGA-NPs (redox-sensitive) NPs were 187.1 ± 1.8 nm and 193.7 ± 1.5 nm, respectively. The zeta potentials of nonredox-sensitive and redox-sensitive NPs were +24.99 ± 2.67 mV and +9.095 ± 1.87 mV, respectively. The developed NPs were characterized for morphological and various physicochemical parameters such as SEM, TEM, XRD, DSC, TGA, XPS, etc. The % entrapment efficiency of PLB@PLGA-NPs and RS-PLB@PLGA-NPs was found to be 85.48 ± 1.29% and 87.72 ± 1.55%, respectively. RS-PLB@PLGA-NPs displayed a rapid drug release at acidic pH and a higher GSH concentration compared to PLB@PLGA-NPs. The cytotoxicity assay in MCF-7 cells suggested that PLB@PLGA-NPs and RS-PLB@PLGA-NPs were 5.24-fold and 14.53-fold higher cytotoxic compared to the free PLB, respectively. Further, the cellular uptake study demonstrated that redox-sensitive NPs had significantly higher cellular uptake compared to nonredox-sensitive NPs and free Coumarin 6 dye. Additionally, AO/EtBr assay and reactive oxygen species analysis confirmed the superior activity of RS-PLB@PLGA-NPs over PLB@PLGA-NPs and free PLB. In vivo anticancer activity in dimethyl-benz(a)anthracene-induced breast cancer rats depicted that RS-PLB@PLGA-NPs was highly effective in reducing the tumor size, hypoxic tumor, and tumor vascularity compared to PLB@PLGA-NPs and free PLB. Further, hemocompatibility study reveals that the developed NPs were nonhemolytic to human blood. Moreover, an in vivo histopathology study confirmed that both nanoparticles were safe and nontoxic to the vital organs. © 2024 American Chemical Society.