Browsing by Author "Anoop Kumar"

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Archaeological and archaeobotanical investigations in Tamsa region of Ganga Plain, Uttar Pradesh, India
(SAGE Publications Ltd, 2025) Anil Kumar Pokharia; Pushp Lata Singh; Ruchita Yadav; Mansi Swaroop; Alka Srivastava; Shalini Sharma; Anoop Kumar; Dipak Shukla; Upendra Singh; Chandrabhushan Gupt; Mohd Afroz; Sanjay Kumar Singh Gahlaud
This study presents the archaeological and archaeobotanical findings based on data recorded during excavations at Khapura, a multicultural site in the Ambedkar Nagar district of Uttar Pradesh, India. The ceramic assemblage and other cultural materials, including structural remains, have revealed four distinct cultural periods, namely pre-Northern Black Polished Ware (NBPW), NBPW, Sunga-Kushana, and Gupta, dating back to 1100–200 bce. The carbonised plant remains recovered from the pre-NBPW and NBPW periods suggest a double-cropping pattern, represented by both winter and summer season crops. The identified field crops are represented by grains and seeds such as Hordeum vulgare (barley), Triticum aestivum (wheat), Oryza sativa (rice), Setaria italica (foxtail millet), Vigna sp. (green/black gram), Macrotyloma uniflorum (horse gram), Luffa sp. (sponge gourd), Linum usitatissimum (linseed). Few weeds and wild taxa, like Ziziphus sp. (jujube), Vicia sp. (common vetch), Chenopodium sp. (goosefoot), Polygonum sp. (smart weed/knot weed), were also identified in the recovered plant assemblage. These plant remains have been discussed and compared with the archaeobotanical data from other neighbouring sites in the region. © The Authors 2025. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access page (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).
Delivery of Apoplastic Extracellular Vesicles Encapsulating Green-Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles to Treat Citrus Canker
(MDPI, 2023) Isha Gaurav; Abhimanyu Thakur; Gaurav Kumar; Qin Long; Kui Zhang; Rakesh Kumar Sidu; Sudha Thakur; Rajesh Kumar Sarkar; Anoop Kumar; Ashok Iyaswamy; Zhijun Yang
The citrus canker pathogen Xanthomonas axonopodis has caused severe damage to citrus crops worldwide, resulting in significant economic losses for the citrus industry. To address this, a green synthesis method was used to develop silver nanoparticles with the leaf extract of Phyllanthus niruri (GS-AgNP-LEPN). This method replaces the need for toxic reagents, as the LEPN acts as a reducing and capping agent. To further enhance their effectiveness, the GS-AgNP-LEPN were encapsulated in extracellular vesicles (EVs), nanovesicles with a diameter of approximately 30–1000 nm naturally released from different sources, including plant and mammalian cells, and found in the apoplastic fluid (APF) of leaves. When compared to a regular antibiotic (ampicillin), the delivery of APF-EV-GS-AgNP-LEPN and GS-AgNP-LEPN to X. axonopodis pv. was shown to have more significant antimicrobial activity. Our analysis showed the presence of phyllanthin and nirurinetin in the LEPN and found evidence that both could be responsible for antimicrobial activity against X. axonopodis pv. Ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase (FAD-FNR) and the effector protein XopAI play a crucial role in the survival and virulence of X. axonopodis pv. Our molecular docking studies showed that nirurinetin could bind to FAD-FNR and XopAI with high binding energies (−10.32 kcal/mol and −6.13 kcal/mol, respectively) as compared to phyllanthin (−6.42 kcal/mol and −2.93 kcal/mol, respectively), which was also supported by the western blot experiment. We conclude that (a) the hybrid of APF-EV and GS-NP could be an effective treatment for citrus canker, and (b) it works via the nirurinetin-dependent inhibition of FAD-FNR and XopAI in X. axonopodis pv. © 2023 by the authors.
Ecofriendly titanium complex grease
(1997) Anoop Kumar; B.D. Mittal; M.R. Singh; K.P. Naithani; M.M. Rai; A.K. Bhatnagar
[No abstract available]
Effect of sowing time on incidence of mustard aphid on different varieties of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.)
(2013) Awaneesh Chandra; Y.P. Malik; Anoop Kumar
An experiment was conducted during rabi 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 to determine the effect of time of sowing on the incidence of mustard aphid, L. erysimi on different varieties of mustard. Indian mustard variety Urvashi harboured significantly lowest intensity of aphids being 68.0 and 59.5 aphids/plant during these years and provided significantly highest seed yield 1686.8 and 1578.1 kg/ha. The ranking of mustard varieties under test based on their susceptibility level against aphid was Urvashi
Nanotechnology Driven Lipid and Metalloid Based Formulations Targeting Blood–Brain Barrier (3B) for Brain Tumor
(Springer, 2024) Amulya Jindal; Mainuddin; Anoop Kumar; Ratneshwar Kumar Ratnesh; Jay Singh
The evolution of nanotechnology-driven lipid and metalloid-based nanoformulations has garnered significant attention for developing effective drug delivery systems with position/time precision and efficacy. This study focuses on challenges of blood-brain barrier (BBB) and their pivotal role in drug targeting in chronic diseases such as brain tumors (BTs). These formulations encapsulate therapeutic agents within lipidic matrices, enhancing drug solubility, bioavailability, and targeted delivery. The diverse lipid materials used in these nanoformulations highlight their biocompatibility and versatility, covering a wide range of drugs. Emphasis is placed on metal nanoparticles, liposomes, ethosomes, quantum dots, carbon nanotubes, nanorobots, and micelles. The analysis explores their drug loading, stability, release characteristics, and bioavailability modulation. It also delves into the enhanced-permeability and retention (EPR) effect, crucial for passive targeting of tumors. Recent nanocarrier systems enable better penetration of therapeutic compounds through the BBB, addressing treatment failures in invasive BTs.This review highlights the latest nanotechnology developments and potential therapeutic approaches, serving as a valuable resource for researchers, clinicians, and pharmaceutical scientists. © Association of Microbiologists of India 2024.
Occurrence of insect-pests and natural enemies' complex on cabbage in Varanasi (U.P.), India
(2013) Dharmendra Kumar; S.V.S. Raju; Anoop Kumar; Sanjeet Kumar Singh; C. Nagrajan
Study on the occurrence of insect-pests and natural enemies' complex on cabbage was conducted during Rabi 2006 and Rabi 2007 in Varanasi (Uttar Pradesh), India. During the intensive survey of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) fields, 28 different insect-pests' species of 8 different orders were recorded. Out of which maximum (9) from order Lepidoptera followed by Coleoptera (7). However, in orders Diptera, Thysanoptera and Isoptera only one species were recorded in each order. Population of Diamond back moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) and cabbage head borer, Hellula undalis Fab. were higher compare to other and attained the status of major pest. Among natural enemies, predators rove beetle, Paederus sp., lady bird beetle, Coccinella septumpunctata L. and parasitoids Diaeretiella rapae (McIntosh) and Cotesia plutellae (Kurdjumov) were recorded.
Physical characterization and bioavailability assessment of 5-fluorouracil-based nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC): In vitro drug release, Hemolysis, and permeability modulation
(Springer, 2024) Mainuddin; Anoop Kumar; Ratneshwar Kumar Ratnesh; Jay Singh; Shweta Dumoga; Nitin Sharma; Amulya Jindal
Abstract: 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is an anticancer agent belonging to BCS Class III that exhibits poor release characteristics and low retention in the biological system. The main objective of this investigation was to develop a drug delivery system, i.e., Nanostructure Lipid Carriers (NLCs) loaded with 5-FU to prolong its biological retention through 5-FU-loaded NLCs (5-FUNLC) were designed to manipulate physicochemical characteristics and assessment of in vitro and in vivo performance. The developed NLCs underwent comprehensive characterization, including assessments for particle size, zeta potential, morphological evaluation, and FT-IR spectroscopy. Additionally, specific evaluations were conducted for 5-FUNLCs, encompassing analyses for encapsulation efficiency of the drug, release characteristics in PBS at pH 6.8, and stability study. The lipophilic character of 5-FUNLC was confirmed through the measurement of the partition coefficient (log P). 5-FUNLCs were observed as spherical-shaped particles with a mean size of 300 ± 25 nm. The encapsulation efficiency was determined to be 89%, indicating effective drug loading within the NLCs. Furthermore, these NLCs exhibited a sustained release nature lasting up to 3–4 h, indicating their potential for controlled drug release over time. Lipid components were biocompatible with the 5-FU to determine thermal transition temperature and show good stability for 30 days. Additionally, an in vitro hemolysis study that confirmed the system did not cause any destruction to the RBCs during intravenous administration. The drug’s gut permeability was assessed utilizing the optimized 5-FUNLC (F2) in comparison to 5-FU through the intestine or gut sac model (in the apical to basolateral direction, A → B). The permeability coefficient was measured as 4.91 × 10–5cm/h with a significant difference. Additionally, the antioxidant potential of the NLCs was demonstrated through the DPPH method. The NLCs’ performance was further assessed through in vivo pharmacokinetic studies on Wistar Rats, resulting in a 1.5-fold enhancement in their activity compared to free 5-FU. These NLCs offer improved drug solubility and sustained release, which collectively contribute to enhanced therapeutic outcomes and modulate bioavailability. The study concludes by highlighting the potential of 5-FUNLC as an innovative and efficient drug delivery system. The findings suggest that further preclinical investigations are warranted, indicating a promising avenue for the development of more effective and well-tolerated treatments for cancer. Graphical abstract: (Figure presented.). © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.
Study of association of varicose veins and inflammation by inflammatory markers
(SAGE Publications Ltd, 2020) Satyendra K Tiwary; Anoop Kumar; Shiv Prakash Mishra; Puneet Kumar; Ajay K Khanna
Objective: In varicose veins, increased levels of inflammatory markers are indicators of endothelial damage and increased procoagulant activity. These findings support the assumption that the constitution of blood in varicose veins differs from that of systemic blood. The purpose of the study was a correlative study of blood constituents in varicose veins and peripheral veins (normal vein) in same individual with varicose vein which was done by comparing the level of concentration of interleukin-6, fibrinogen, haemoglobin from blood of varicose veins and normal peripheral vein (antecubital vein). Method: Using citrated plasma samples withdrawn from arms and legs of same patient and plasma obtained by centrifugation of citrated venous blood at 5000 r/min for 10 min was used for correlation. Serum concentration of interleukin-6 and fibrinogen were determined by human enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay Kit for both interleukin-6 and fibrinogen, which is based on the standard sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technology. This assay employs a monoclonal antibody specific for human interleukin-6 coated on a 96-well plate. Result: Expressed as median (interquartile range) in pg/mL, leg samples from patient having varicose vein has significantly increased interleukin-6 in cases as compared to controls (p value of '0.001). Leg samples from patient having varicose vein has significantly increased fibrinogen concentration than their arm samples (p value of '0.001). Concentration of haemoglobin significantly increased in leg samples as compared to blood withdrawn from arms (p value of 0.012). Conclusion: Blood withdrawn from the site of varicose vein appears to have significantly increased concentration of interleukin-6, fibrinogen and haemoglobin when compared to same patient’s antecubital blood sample supporting the hypothesis that inflammation is increased in tissues drained by varicose vein. © The Author(s) 2020.
Tree species of the himalayan Terai region of Uttar Pradesh, India: A checklist
(Centro de Referencia em Informacao Ambiental, 2015) Omesh Bajpai; Anoop Kumar; Awadhesh Kumar Srivastava; Arun Kumar Kushwaha; Jitendra Pandey; Lal Babu Chaudhary
The study catalogues a sum of 278 tree species belonging to 185 genera and 57 families from the Terai region of Uttar Pradesh. The family Fabaceae has been found to exhibit the highest generic and species diversity with 23 genera and 44 species. The genus Ficus of Moraceae has been observed the largest with 15 species. About 50% species exhibit deciduous nature in the forest. Out of total species occurring in the region, about 63% are native to India. Almost all tree species have some importance in one and another way for the local people. In the study area about 80 species flower in the spring, 74 in the summer, 73 in the winter and 30 in rainy season. As per the existing IUCN Red List, 24 species of the area fall under different categories. Presence of these red listed trees in the study area enhances the importance of their proper management and conservation plan. © 2015, Check List and Authors.