Browsing by Author "Anshuman Singh"

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A Prospective Randomised Comparative Study Between Cartilage and Fascia Tympanoplasty in a Tertiary Care Hospital to Look for Better Alternative in High Risk Cases
(Springer, 2023) Anshuman Singh; Dolly Talda; Chultim Dolma Bhutia; Sushil kumar Aggarwal; Priyanko Chakraborty; Silky Kumari; Sishupal Yadav
Introduction: CSOM patients are most commonly managed surgically by type I tympanoplasty using either cartilage shield technique or underlay grafting technique. In our study, we have compared the graft uptake and hearing results of type I tympanoplasty using temporalis fascia and cartilage shield, and also reviewed the literature regarding the results of these two methods. Materials and Methods: 160 patients aged between 15 and 60 years were randomized into two groups of 80 patients each, with odd numbers subjected to conchal or tragal cartilage shield grafting in group I, while in group II with even numbers, the patients underwent temporalis fascia grafting by underlay technique. Results: Three months post-surgery, the graft uptake was seen in 76 patients (95%) in the cartilage shield group as compared to 58 patients (72.5%) in the temporalis fascia group, which was statistically significant between the two groups [Fisher’s exact value = 0.000]. The uptake rate was much higher in cartilage shield graft as compared to fascia graft even in complicated cases like revision tympanoplasty (TP), discharging ear, subtotal perforation and retracted/adhered TP. Also, the hearing improvement in fascia and cartilage shield group was not statistically significant comparing pre- and post-operative patients, indicating that there was not much difference in audiological outcomes between the two groups. Conclusion: We advocate the use of cartilage shield graft as a substitute for fascia graft in all feasible cases as well as in complicated situations to improve the success rate of type I tympanoplasty, without compromising on the hearing improvement, as seen in our study. © 2022, Association of Otolaryngologists of India.
Banded leaf and sheath blight: An emerging disease of maize (Zea mays L)
(2012) Anshuman Singh; J.P. Shahi
The basidiomycetes fungus Rhizoctonia solani is a major pathogen of maize worldwide, particularly in China, South Asian and South East Asian countries. It causes banded leaf and sheath blight (BLSB) on plants, which is considered an emerging disease, accompanied by small losses to total wipeout of the crop. This disease is more prevalent in humid weather with temperature around 28°C. The genetics of inheritance of this disease is unclear. Digenic as well as oligogenic inheritance of disease has been reported. A number of QTLs have been identified which will help to expedite breeding program against BLSB. Moreover, various chemical and biological control methods have been developed, but major emphasis is on development of maize cultivars with genetic resistance to BLSB for environment friendly control of the disease.
Case Report: Rhino-orbital Mucormycosis Related to COVID-19: A Case Series Exploring Risk Factors
(American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2022) Sushil Kumar Aggarwal; Upinder Kaur; Dolly Talda; Akshat Pandey; Sumit Jaiswal; Ahalya Kanakan; Anshuman Singh; Sankha Shubhra Chakrabarti
There has been a surge of rhino-orbital mucormycosis cases in India in the wake of the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. It has been widely suggested that dysglycemia resulting from diabetes which is a common comorbidity in COVID-19 patients, and indiscriminate steroid use has resulted in this surge. We report a series of 13 cases of rhino-orbital mucormycosis in COVID-19 patients admitted to our center between mid-April and early June 2021. The cases showed a male preponderance, two patients had loss of vision, and four of them showed intracranial extension of disease. Twelve patients had received steroids and 12 had preexisting or newly diagnosed diabetes, both steroid use and diabetes being the most common identified risk factors. Considering other possible risk factors, immunosuppressed state, antiviral or ayurvedic (Indian traditional) medications, and oxygen therapy were not associated with a definite risk of mucormycosis, because they were not present uniformly in the patients. We propose that COVID-19 itself, through molecular mechanisms, predisposes to mucormycosis, with other factors such as dysglycemia or steroid use increasing the risk. © 2022 American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. All rights reserved.
Integrated breeding approaches to enhance the nutritional quality of food legumes
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2022) Rintu Jha; Hemant Kumar Yadav; Rahul Raiya; Rajesh Kumar Singh; Uday Chand Jha; Lekshmy Sathee; Prashant Singh; Mahendar Thudi; Anshuman Singh; Sushil Kumar Chaturvedi; Shailesh Tripathi
Global food security, both in terms of quantity and quality remains as a challenge with the increasing population. In parallel, micronutrient deficiency in the human diet leads to malnutrition and several health-related problems collectively known as “hidden hunger” more prominent in developing countries around the globe. Biofortification is a potential tool to fortify grain legumes with micronutrients to mitigate the food and nutritional security of the ever-increasing population. Anti-nutritional factors like phytates, raffinose (RFO’s), oxalates, tannin, etc. have adverse effects on human health upon consumption. Reduction of the anti-nutritional factors or preventing their accumulation offers opportunity for enhancing the intake of legumes in diet besides increasing the bioavailability of micronutrients. Integrated breeding methods are routinely being used to exploit the available genetic variability for micronutrients through modern “omic” technologies such as genomics, transcriptomics, ionomics, and metabolomics for developing biofortified grain legumes. Molecular mechanism of Fe/Zn uptake, phytate, and raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) biosynthesis pathways have been elucidated. Transgenic, microRNAs and genome editing tools hold great promise for designing nutrient-dense and anti-nutrient-free grain legumes. In this review, we present the recent efforts toward manipulation of genes/QTLs regulating biofortification and Anti-nutrient accumulation in legumes using genetics-, genomics-, microRNA-, and genome editing-based approaches. We also discuss the success stories in legumes enrichment and recent advances in development of low Anti-nutrient lines. We hope that these emerging tools and techniques will expedite the efforts to develop micronutrient dense legume crop varieties devoid of Anti-nutritional factors that will serve to address the challenges like malnutrition and hidden hunger. Copyright © 2022 Jha, Yadav, Raiya, Singh, Jha, Sathee, Singh, Thudi, Singh, Chaturvedi and Tripathi.
Mainstreaming Local Food Species for Nutritional and Livelihood Security: Insights From Traditional Food Systems of Adi Community of Arunachal Pradesh, India
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2021) Ranjay K. Singh; Rakesh Bhardwaj; Anamika Singh; Temin Payum; Arvind K. Rai; Anshuman Singh; Lobsang Wangchu; Sanjay Upadhyay
This study brings out the critical role of lesser-known local plant species in the food, nutrition and livelihood security of Adi community in Arunachal Pradesh, India. Considering women as a major custodian in knowledge and practices on foods, a total of 90 Adi women and 60 key knowledgeable community members (thus a total of 150 participants) were selected from East Siang and Upper Siang districts of Arunachal Pradesh. Data were collected using combination of methods including recipe contest, focus group discussion, personal interviews and laboratory analyses. The results indicated that Adi women were able to identify 39 bioculturally important species from a range of locally available plant species. Used alone or with other foods, these plants remain central to the Adi people's cultural identity and livelihood security. In addition to improving food and nutritional security, these species accessed from different land use systems, are also sold on the local markets to generate decent incomes. Of the species identified by Adi women, 28 were culturally shared and used frequently in food and ethnomedicine. Laboratory analyses of the selected 22 species revealed exceptionally high levels of minerals and other nutrients, such as proteins and anti-oxidants, supporting their traditional use for health benefits. Our study results provide valuable insights to the researchers to explore the vast hidden potential of these and other similar species for improving nutritional well-being of local communities in marginal areas. Adequate policy support is needed to enable Adi and other such marginalized communities to cope with challenges being posed to traditional food systems. © Copyright © 2021 Singh, Bhardwaj, Singh, Payum, Rai, Singh, Wangchu and Upadhyay.