Browsing by Author "Anshuman Trigunayat"

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Acute and subacute toxicity study of ethanolic extract of Calotropis procera (Aiton) Dryand flower in Swiss albino mice
(Elsevier B.V., 2022) Ashutosh Kumar; Brijesh Kumar; Rajesh Kumar; Ajay Kumar; Manish Singh; Vinod Tiwari; Anshuman Trigunayat; Paramita Paul; Pratistha Singh
Background: Calotropis procera is a large shrub which consists many medicinal properties, used in treatment of snake bite, sinus fistula, rheumatism, mumps, burn injuries, inflammation and jaundice traditionally. All the parts of Calotropis procera were utilized in the treatment of diseases out of which leaves and roots were investigated for its toxicity profile that showed dose dependent toxicity. Toxicity profile of flowers of Calotropis procera was not investigated in the previous studies. The aim of this study was to explore the acute and subacute toxicity of ethanolic extract of Calotropis procera flowers for the safe use of traditional medicine. Method: In acute toxicity, a total of 20 female mice (Swiss albino), weighing between 23 and 32 g were randomly divided into four experimental groups: control, 300, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg groups with 5 mice each, and each received a single dose of extract at 300, 1000, or 2000 mg/kg, respectively. Animals were monitored for 14 days. In the subacute study, a total of 40 mice (23–32 g) were divided into 4 groups, each containing males and females. Group 1 (control group) received vehicle and groups 2, 3, and 4 received extract at doses of 300 mg/Kg, 1000 mg/Kg, 2000 mg/Kg of b.w., respectively, for 28 consecutive days. The study was conducted in compliance with the OECD guidelines 407 and 423. Results: Acute toxicity study showed no mortality at the dose of 2000 mg/Kg. In subacute toxicity study, statistical analysis of hematological and biochemical parameters showed no significant differences compared to control group except marked increase in segmented neutrophils. Histopathological studies revealed no significant structural differences among the treated groups and in comparison to control group. Conclusions: It was concluded that oral administration of doses of ethanolic extract of Calotropis procera flower, administered acutely, did not cause any mortality or notable changes at the dose of 2000 mg/Kg. Therefore, the approximate lethal dose (ALD) of in mice was higher than 2,000 mg/kg. In a 28-day subacute toxicity model, the extract did not cause any mortality, and no treatment-related changes were observed in body weight, organ weight, hematological and biochemical blood analysis, or histopathologic examinations at the extract dose of 2000 mg/Kg. These findings indicate that the no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) of Calotropis procera flower ethanolic extract was greater than 2000 mg/kg/day. © 2022
Anti-hyperglycaemic study of Eladi churna in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats
(National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources (NISCAIR), 2019) Komal Bansal; K.R.C. Reddy; Anshuman Trigunayat
Diabetes mellitus is the seventh leading cause of death worldwide, with a frequent occurrence of Type II diabetes as compared to Type I. The aim of this present study was to evaluate the anti-hyperglycaemic effect of a classical herbomineral preparation Eladi Churna in STZ induced Type II diabetic rats. Thirty adult charles foster albino rats were allocated in to five groups with six animals in each group: Group I (Control Group), Group II (Diabetic control group without any medication), group III (Standard drug Glibenclamide at 1mg/kg of body weight), group IV (Eladi Churna at 300 mg/kg of body weight), group V (Eladi Churna at 600 mg/kg of body weight). Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of STZ at dose level of 35mg/kg. The whole study was conducted for 28 days. The animals were examined for blood glucose levels on 0, 7, 14, 21, 28 days respectively and other biochemical parameters such as serum cholestrol, HDL, LDL, Triglycerides, SGOT, SGPT were evaluated on day 0 and 28, respectively. The results showed that a gradual reduction in blood glucose level was assessed on administration of Eladi Churna at two different dose levels. But it was more significant at dose level of 600 mg/kg as p<0.05 with a mean±SD value of 107.34±2.67 on day 28 as compared to mean±SD value of 494.40±43.99 on day 3 (after induction of diabetes mellitus). And the results were almost analogous to potent antidiabetic drug glibenclamide with a mean±SD value of 95.44±7.44 on day 28. And the drug was also responsible for maintenance of alterations in other biochemical parameters, associated with diabetes mellitus, thus depicting its potent anti hyperglycaemic and hypolipidaemic actions. © 2019, National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources (NISCAIR). All rights reserved.
Comparative antidiabetic investigation of Talapotaka Churna and Avartaki Churna in STZ-induced diabetic rats
(BRNSS Publication Hub, 2016) Guruprasad C. Nille; Shardendu Mishra; Anshuman Trigunayat; K.R.C. Reddy
Aim: To compare the antidiabetic effect of Talapotaka Churna and Avartaki Churna in experimental animals. Materials and Methods: Talapotaka Churna (Avartaki [Cassia auriculata L.], Amalaki [Emblica officinalis G.], Haridra [Curcuma longa L.], and Daruharidra [Berberis aristata]) and Avartaki Churna (C. auriculata L.) were prepared by the standard procedure of Churna Kalpana. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (35 mg/kg) solution (intra-peritoneal). After assessment of hyperglycemia as an approximate induction of diabetes, a group of animals (TP300 and AV300) were treated with a dose of 300 mg/kg of Talapotaka Churna and Avartaki Churna each. For treatment comparison, Group III animals were treated with a standard antidiabetic drug, glibenclamide 1 mg/kg. Blood sugar and lipid profile level were estimated biochemically. Results: Talapotaka Churna and Avartaki Churna both reduced fasting blood glucose significantly on various doses in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Talapotaka Churna and Avartaki Churna also showed a reduction in the levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol but it increases the levels of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol in diabetic rats. Conclusion: Talapotaka Churna and Avartaki Churna have significant antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic activities in Type 2DM rats, which seem to scientifically validate its traditional uses and might be promising drugs in the therapy of diabetes mellitus and its hyperlipidemic complications.
Evaluation of anxiolytic and antidepressant effect of different dosage forms of the Guduchi
(Medknow Publications, 2015) Shilpa Patil; Anshuman Trigunayat; Anand K. Chaudhary
Background: In the field of psychopharmacology many of ayurvedic dosage forms are being researched for their anxiolytic and antidepressant effect. Guduchi is a well-known Medhya Rasayan well explained in Ayurveda classics. Aim: To evaluate the anxiolytic and antidepressant effect of three dosages forms of Guduchi (Guduchi Satva, Ghana and Churna) using open field test, elevated plus maze test in anxiety and behavioral despair test in depression. Materials and Methods: Adult Charles-Foster albino rats of either sex divided into five groups which were given carboxymethyl cellulose, lorazepam 1 mg/kg (standard anxiolytic) imipramine 10 mg/kg (standard antidepressant), Guduchi Satva 112.5 mg/kg, Ghana 45 mg/kg and Churna 180 mg/kg, respectively, for 22 days. Statistical Analysis: A statistical analysis was done by one-way ANOVA test followed by Tucky and Kramer multiple comparison tests using Graph Pad Prism 6. P < 0.05 was considered significant. Result and Conclusion: Guduchi Satva and Ghana significantly reversed the sub-acute stress-induced alterations in behavioral parameters in all the tests. Guduchi Satva and Ghana as compared to Guduchi Churna found to be having anxiolytic and antidepressant activity in experimental animals in behavioral parameters such as rearing, grooming, and immobility period. Thus, these formulations can be used in prevention and treatment of anxiety and depression.
Hypoglycemic effect of Lodhradi Kashaya Ghanavati in streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia in rats
(Medknow Publications, 2015) Rakesh B. Bramhankar; K.R.C. Reddy; Anshuman Trigunayat
Objective: To evaluate the hypoglycemic effect of Lodhradi Kashaya Ghanavati (LKGV) in experimental animals, LKGV was prepared, containing Lodhra (Symplocose racemosa), Haritaki (Terminalia chebula), Musta (Cyperus rotundus), and Katphal (Myrica esculanta). Materials and Methods: LKGV was prepared by the standard procedure of Kashaya Ghanavati. Hyperglycemia was induced to create an equivalent to the diabetic state by giving streptozotocin (STZ) solution (intra-peritoneal [i.p.]) 65 mg/kg, 15 min after initial administration of 120 mg/kg nicotinamide i.p. After assessment of hyperglycemia as an approximate induction of diabetes, group of animals (III, IV, and V) were treated with dose titrations using 50, 150, and 275 mg/kg of LKGV. For treatment comparison, Group VI animals were treated with a standard hypoglycemic drug, glibenclamide 10 mg/kg. Blood sugar, the level was assessed by glucometer on the 7th, 14th, 21st, and 28th day. Results: LKGV extract produced a significantly reduction of fasting blood glucose with various doses in STZ-induced diabetic rats. In a 4-week study, LKGV produced a significant reduction in blood glucose compared to glibenclamide. Conclusion: LKGV and glibenclamide significantly reduced blood sugar level. The results were more significant with successive days in this in vivo comparative study.
Hypoglycemic effect of Talapotaka Churna in streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia in rats
(Medknow Publications, 2016) Guruprasad C. Nille; Shardendu Mishra; Anshuman Trigunayat; K.R.C. Reddy
Objective: To evaluate the antihyperglycemic effect of Talapotaka Churna in experimental animals, Talapotaka Churna was prepared, containing Avartaki (Cassia auriculata), Amalaki (Emblica officinalis), Haridra (Curcuma longa), and Daruharidra (Berberis aristata). Materials and Methods: Talapotaka Churna was prepared by the standard procedure of Churna Kalpana. Hyperglycemia was induced to create an equivalent to the diabetic state by giving streptozotocin (STZ) solution (intraperitoneal) 35 mg/kg. After assessment of hyperglycemia as an approximate induction of diabetes, group of animals (IV and V) were treated with doses 300 and 600 mg/kg of Talapotaka Churna. For treatment comparison, Group III animals were treated with a standard hypoglycemic drug, glibenclamide 10 mg/kg. Blood sugar, the level was estimated by glucometer on the 7th, 14th, 21st, and 28th day. Results: Talapotaka Churna produced a significantly lowering of fasting blood glucose with various doses in STZ-induced diabetic rats. In a 4-week study, Talapotaka Churna produced a significant reduction in blood glucose compared to glibenclamide. Conclusion: Talapotaka Churna and glibenclamide significantly lowered blood glucose level. The results were found more significant with respect to treatment days in this in vivo comparative study.
Neuroprotective effect of Withania somnifera (WS) in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion and long-term hypoperfusion induced alterations in rats
(Natural Remedies Private Limited, 2007) Anshuman Trigunayat; M. Raghavendra; R.K. Singh; A.K. Bhattacharya; S.B. Acharya
Objective: The present study investigates the effect of Withania somnifera (WS), a well known adaptogenic agent in Indian system of Medicine, on acute cerebral reperfusion and long-term cerebral hypoperfusion in rats. Materials and methods: Acute ischemia-reperfusion (30 min occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries followed by 45 min reperfusion) and Long-term cerebral hypoperfusion (for 15 days) in C.F. strain rats were produced following standard technique. WS, Indian chemotype-1, rich in withanolide glycosides (= sitoindosides) was used for the present study. Effect of WS on lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, cyclic AMP level and histopathological changes in forebrain regions in acute ischemia - reperfusion and on long-term cerebral hypoperfusion induced behavioral and histopathological alterations were evaluated. Results: WS pre-treatment (50 mg/kg p.o. for 5 days) attenuated the reperfusion induced biochemical and histopathological alterations. Long term hypoperfusion induced anxiety and listlessness (open field paradigm) accompanied by deficits in learning and memory (Morris' water maze testing) along with histopathological changes in rat forebrains were attenuated with WS treatment. Conclusion: The results suggest that WS may be useful in cerebrovascular insufficiency conditions.
Prenatal desvenlafaxine induced behavioural alterations in Swiss albino mice
(Indian Academy of Neurosciences, 2014) Amrita Kumari; Mandavi Singh; Anshuman Trigunayat; Anand Mishra; Shamsher Shrestha; Uttam Shrestha
Background: Desvenlafaxine is used as an antidepressant and acts by inhibiting reuptake of serotonin and noradrenaline. Purpose: The safety profile of desvenlafaxine has not yet been established during pregnancy, so we planned this study to see the behavioral changes in pups of mice who received desvenlafaxine during gestational period. Methods: Swiss albino mice were used for the present study. The treated group was given desvenlafaxine orally in the dose of 80 mg/kg from 1st to 6th day of gestation and other group was given tap water by same route. Results: Desvenlafaxine treated mice in group 2, i.e. for the gestation period 1-6 showed increased activity and decrease anxiety in open field and elevated plus maze test as compared to control. However, after chronic exposure for the duration of 18 days the offspring showed increased anxiety and fearfulness as compared to controls. Conclusion: Above findings suggest that desvenlafaxine have a deleterious effect on brain development, thus resulting in abnormal anxiety states, possibly through altering uptake of serotonin and nor-epinephrine.
Role of Centella asiatica on cerebral post-ischemic reperfusion and long-term hypoperfusion in rats
(BRNSS Publication Hub, 2009) M. Raghavendra; Rituparna Maiti; Shafalika Kumar; Anshuman Trigunayat; Sumit Mitra; S. Acharya
Centella asiatica (CA), a well known adaptogenic agent in Indian system of Medicine (Ayurveda), is believed to have beneficial effects in improving memory, treating anxiety and eczema. It also possesses antioxidant, cognitive enhancing and antiepileptic properties. Acute ischemia followed by reperfusion is known to bring about biochemical and histopathological alterations. In the present study the effect of Centella asiatica on acute cerebral reperfusion and long-term cerebral hypoperfusion in rats was investigated. Transient cerebral ischemia was induced under Ketamine anaesthesia by blocking bilateral common carotid arteries (BCCAO) for 30 min and then reperfusion was allowed for 45 min by releasing the block. Lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and brain protein were estimated, behavioral and histopathological studies were done for both acute ischemia-reperfusion and chronic hypoperfusion studies. One way ANOVA followed by post hoc Tukey test was used. In the present study, acute ischemia-reperfusion induced increases in lipid peroxidation and superoxide SOD activity. CA pre-treatment (100 mg/kg p.o. for 5 days) attenuated the reperfusion induced biochemical alterations. Long-term cerebral hypoperfusion in rats caused a propensity towards anxiety and listlessness (open field paradigm and elevated plus maze test) accompanied by deficits in learning and memory (Morris' water maze testing) and tendency towards depression (Porsolts swim test). Additionally, histopathological observations in forebrain revealed changes like gliosis, astrocytosis, cellular edema and inflammatory changes. CA treatment (100 mg/kg p.o. for 28 days) alleviated these behavioral, cognitive and histopathological changes. The results suggest that CA may be useful in cerebrovascular insufficiency conditions.
Transition from passive to active targeting of oral insulin nanomedicines: Enhancement in bioavailability and glycemic control in diabetes
(Future Medicine Ltd., 2016) Dhansukh Kaklotar; Poornima Agrawal; Allabakshi Abdulla; Rahul P. Singh; Sonali; Abhishesh K. Mehata; Sanjay Singh; Brahmeshwar Mishra; Bajarangprasad L. Pandey; Anshuman Trigunayat; Madaswamy S. Muthu
Oral insulin nanomedicines are effective tools for therapy and management of both Type I and Type II diabetes. This review summarizes the various nanocarriers developed so far in the literature for oral delivery of insulin. It includes lipid-based (i.e., solid lipid nanoparticles and liposomes) and polymeric-based insulin nanomedicines (i.e., chitosan nanoparticles, alginate nanoparticles, dextran nanoparticles and nanoparticles of synthetic polymers) for sustained, controlled and targeted oral delivery of insulin. Mainly, goblet cell-targeting, vitamin B12 receptor-targeting, folate receptor-targeting and transferrin receptor-targeting aspects were focused. Currently, passive and active targeting approaches of oral insulin nanomedicines have improved the oral absorption of insulin and its bioavailability (up to 14%) that produced effective glycaemic control in in vivo models. These results indicate a promising future of oral insulin nanomedicines for the treatment of diabetes. © 2016 Future Medicine Ltd.