Browsing by Author "Anubhuti Singh"

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A critical review of occurrence, sources, fate, ecological risk, and health effect of emerging contaminants in water and wastewater
(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Gurudatta Singh; Anubhuti Singh; Virendra Kumar Mishra
Emerging contaminants (ECs) are a diverse group of chemicals that have recently been identified as potential threats to human health and the environment. ECs are typically found at low concentrations (ng/L to ug/L) in water and wastewater, but they can bioaccumulate and biomagnified in the food chain, posing a risk to aquatic life and humans. Sources of these contaminants are diverse, with pharmaceuticals and personal care products entering the environment through human excretion, while industrial chemicals and pesticides are introduced through manufacturing processes and agricultural runoff. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are often unable to remove ECs effectively so that they can increase in surface water, groundwater, and drinking water. The fate of ECs in the environment is complex. It depends on various factors, including the chemical properties of the EC, the environmental conditions, and the presence of other chemicals. ECs can be transported long distances in water and persist in the environment for years or even decades. Developing countries like India have limited information about most of the ECs. The ecological risks of ECs are not fully understood, but there is growing concern that they can have a negative impact on aquatic life and human health. Furthermore, the EC has undergone a detailed risk assessment examination, and the risk quotient (RQ) for different aquatic species with respect to corresponding contaminants is also calculated. Results imply that Paracetamol and Bisphenol-A have high RQ values for algae, fish and daphnia. Algae have shown substantially greater resilience to the action of ECs among the selected aquatic species. © 2024
Biobased technologies for remediation: Green technology for environmental cleanup
(CRC Press, 2022) Anubhuti Singh; Gurudatta Singh; Priyanka Singh; Virendra Kumar Mishra
[No abstract available]
Biodegradation of organic pollutants for its effective remediation from the environment and the role of various factors affecting the biodegradation process
(Elsevier, 2021) Anubhuti Singh; Virendra Kumar Mishra
In today’s era, there has been rising concern over danger in common fitness offered by the accessibility of organic pollutants in the environment due to various devastating anthropogenic activities to a larger degree and natural processes to a lesser degree. Numerous countries around the world are currently confronting problems due to these contaminants, as they are among the deadliest emerging threats for the fitted survival of well-being. Remedying the contaminated locations by the process of biodegradation is a worthwhile practicable option, as conventional physico-chemical methods for remediation seem challenging from both technical and economical viewpoints. Biodegradation is environmentally friendly and non-offensive, and it could be cost-effective in the elimination of organic hydrocarbon pollutants. It is a well-thought-out and well-defined mechanism for the removal of contaminants. Nevertheless, existing biodegradation tactics suffer from various limitations, including the type and nature of pollutants, poor competences of microbiological communities in the field, the lesser bioavailability of pollutants, and different growth conditions, such as temperature, pressure, electrons, and availability. Research and knowledge about the factors influencing microbial degradation are increasing in the present scenario. This chapter selectively examines and provides a critical view on the bioavailability of the substrates, microorganisms in the degradation of organic pollutants, and the most prominent factors affecting the biodegradation of these pollutants. © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Green-synthesized nanoparticles for treatment of wastewater: An environmentally sustainable pollution remediation technology
(Elsevier, 2021) Amit Kumar Patel; Deepak Gupta; Anubhuti Singh; Virendra Kumar Mishra; Naveen Kumar Sharma
Water is vital for life on Earth, and its unavailability or poor quality has severe consequences for all aspects of human life, including food, health, and environment. Anthropogenic activities have caused widespread pollution of water resources worldwide. Although some remediation methods and techniques have been developed, considering the extent, quantity, and varied nature of pollutants, new and sustainable technologies are urgent needed to remediate polluted water and wastewater. In recent times, the use of nanomaterials for the treatment of wastewater has gained considerable importance owing to their high accuracy and precise remediation. Nanoparticles (NPs) exhibit enhanced chemical reactivity, high surface area, lower costs and energy requirements, and efficient regeneration for reuse, making them ideal materials for wastewater treatment. The conventional method of NP production is hazardous, and application of volatile chemicals results in secondary pollution, yet biogenic NPs are inexpensive and environmentally safe. Plants, bacteria, algae, and fungi produce a range of alkaloids, flavonoids, carbohydrates, polymers, proteins, and numerous antioxidants that are effectively used as capping and stabilizing agents in NP synthesis. In this chapter, we discuss the synthesis of biogenic NPs from different organisms and their potential applications in wastewater remediation. Moreover, to supplement the existing research gaps, different strategies are also recommended. © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Hexavalent Cr, Its Toxicity and Removal Strategy: Revealing PGPB Potential in Its Remediation
(Institute for Ionics, 2023) Akanksha Gupta; Anubhuti Singh; Virendra Kumar Mishra
Contamination of soil through hexavalent chromium Cr (VI) has increased rapidly during the last few decades. Cr (VI) is a bio-accumulative hazardous metal that can lead to harmful health effects on human being. Several treatment technologies have been used for the treatment of Cr, however, most of them are having some serious limitations. Biological Cr-removal can replace existing physicochemical approaches. The usefulness of phytoremediation in contaminated settings is limited by the sluggish growth rate of plants and low metal absorption. This situation could be mitigated and phytoremediation efficiency can be accelerated by introducing chromium-resistant plant growth-promoting bacterium (PGPB). PGPB inoculation may promote plant growth by producing growth-promoting chemicals and heavy metal remediation by secreting chelating agents, acidification, and redox alterations. Bacterial inoculation improved metal tolerance and absorption through modulating metal transporter, tolerant, and chelator genes. To decrease the harmful impacts brought about by high metal concentrations, PGPB application has shown great potential. The precise molecular mechanism of PGPR-mediated phytoremediation of heavy metals and the stimulation of plant development, however, is little understood. In addition to illuminating the mechanisms underlying plant metal accumulation, this review includes information on the characteristics and mechanisms that PGPB possesses to enhance plant metal tolerance and growth. We evaluated several recent studies of chromium phytoremediation, augmenting the phytoremediation of chromium through PGPB. Examining the possible contribution of bacteria that promote plant growth in microbe-assisted phytoremediation is the goal of this review. The molecular processes by which PGPB strains promote plant development and clean the soil contaminated with chromium are well described in the present review. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
Hydrochemical assessment of groundwater quality in the Narmada River Basin (Central India)
(IWA Publishing, 2023) Deepak Gupta; Supriya Chaudhary; Anubhuti Singh; Reetika Shukla; Virendra Kumar Mishra
This study details the hydrochemical characterization and human health risk assessment of groundwater in the Narmada River Basin. The study was performed based on data collected from 305 groundwater sample stations in the Narmada River Basin. Hydrochemical evaluation illustrated that cationic ions in the upper and middle Narmada Basin were dominated by Ca2þ; however, in the lower basin it was dominated by Naþ ions. Similarly, anionic ions were dominated by HCO3- throughout the basin. A Chadha plot drawn from the collected data inferred that most groundwater belonged to the recharge water category (Ca-Mg-HCO3 type). Base-exchange indices of the collected data confirmed the presence of Naþ-SO42- type of groundwater. Meteoric genesis indices indicated deep meteoric percolation groundwater. Further, Gibbs plots categorized groundwater samples in the rock dominated section, while chloro-alkaline indices confirmed direct as well as reverse ion-exchange reactions governing groundwater quality. Water Quality Index values showed that groundwater ranged from excellent to very poor. Human health risk of the Narmada River confirmed the non-carcinogenic risk for Nitrate (NO3-) and Fluoride (F-) ions. However, several indices justified that groundwater was ideal for irrigation. However, groundwater treatment is recommended before direct consumption such as drinking. © 2023 The Authors.
Impact of Bisphenol-A in the environment and its removal through biological agents: A review
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2024) Akanksha Gupta; Anubhuti Singh; Virendra Kumar Mishra
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are synthetic compounds that can cause abnormalities in the functioning of the endocrine system of the human being, resulting in various health problems. Bisphenol-A (BPA) is one of the important EDCs that is used in the manufacturing of plastics, food packaging canisters, and other day-to-day necessities. Since BPA is estrogenic in nature; its presence can affect the living component at a very low concentration. BPA and other EDCs are released from various sources like the plastic manufacturing industry, sewage treatment plants, and solid waste disposal points. Due to its global use, BPA has permeated different matrices, including our food sources. As a result, many adverse health effects have been reported, considering which, their treatment is necessary. Under the present investigation, we have reviewed various studies dealing with the sources, concentrations, and impact of BPA on the environment. In addition, we have also incorporated different treatment technologies including phytoremediation and bioremediation which can remove BPA effectively. Regardless of significant developments in our understanding of EDCs, uncertainties and knowledge gaps still occur and more studies are required to eradicate the problems of BPA contamination from our environment. © 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Impact of climate change on freshwater ecosystem
(Elsevier, 2021) Gurudatta Singh; Anubhuti Singh; Priyanka Singh; Virendra Kumar Mishra
Water is the critical ingredient to all life on the earth, and it is without substitutes. With increasing demands and only a limited supply, freshwater is becoming more and more difficult to come by. Climate change can be defined as the change in time variation of weather over a time period. It is caused due to increasing the temperature, evaporation, precipitation, wind, and variation in solar radiation and human activities also identify the cause of climate change. Climate change identifies one of the major global challenges in the 21st century and its effects on the availability of freshwater. There are several effects of climate changes such as the increase in temperature (increase rate of evaporation, forest fire), melting of ice (increase in flood, adverse effect the migration of fishes) and sea-level rise, the decline in freshwater availability. Many studies have shown climatic change and its impact on the availability of freshwater. The freshwater ecosystem is warming, acidifying, and deoxygenating the consequences of climate change. It experiences low oxygen demands, low pH, and thermal stratification of freshwater. © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Impact of climate change on water quality and its assessment
(Elsevier, 2022) Pramod Kumar Yadava; Harshbardhan Kumar; Anubhuti Singh; Vinod Kumar; Sunita Verma
Worldwide changes in climatic conditions are encouraged by increase in the concentration of Green House Gases (GHGs), are widely perceptible in terms of continuous changing patterns of superficial temperature, rainfall pattern, wind-flow patterns, radiations, and other life-threatening weather conditions. With a wider consent from the regional and global scientific communities, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has indisputably summarized that kind of fact. Therefore, in this ongoing era of global climate-change, the assessment of probable impact on water and its quality, being the most prominent and reliable resource for human existence, become a significant task. Lots of assessment and review study have been reported on the possible impact of climate-change on water cycling and precipitation pattern. Recently, in-situ quality assessment, satellite observational assessment, and modeling simulation studies are in progress to assess the possible impact of climate change on the quality of available water. These studies mostly reported that the rising temperature and hence changing climatic conditions are capable of varying the ecological balance of water as well its qualitative contents either by its indirect impact or by direct impact by performing various biochemical alternations, as the rise in the water temperature and changes in extremes like flash-flood worsen various reasons of pollution caused in water bodies. In a natural water system, sediment load, nutrients availability, dissolved organic carbon, and essential zoo planktonic community are found to be in a delicate balance. Change in the flow pattern and thus augmentation in nutrients concentration, predictable variation in climatic phenomenon leads to periodic phytoplankton blossoms and alteration of the ecological tropical balance. The resultant dissolved oxygen (DO) level is varied constantly and algal-blooms may range to the perilous level to affect negatively. In addition, melting glaciers and consequent rising levels of the sea are expected to encompass the zones of salinization toward freshwater resources, which results in the reduction in available freshwater resources in the coastal areas. Additionally, variations in the qualitative value of water are predictable to affect nutriment accessibility, steadiness, access, and consumption. All these detrimental effects of changing climate hence water quality can adversely impact food security and hence enhancing the vulnerability of the agriculturalists and civilizations of our rural culture surviving in arid regions like Asian and African deltas (IPCC, Technical report on climate change and water, June 2008). © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Macrophytes for Utilization in Constructed Wetland as Efficient Species for Phytoremediation of Emerging Contaminants from Wastewater
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2024) Priyanka Singh; Gurudatta Singh; Anubhuti Singh; Virendra Kumar Mishra; Reetika Shukla
Emerging contaminants (EC) are the modern age chemicals that are new to the environment. It includes pharmaceuticals & personal care products (PPCPs), pesticides, hormones, artificial sweeteners, industrial chemicals, microplastics, newly discovered microbes and many other manmade chemicals. These chemicals are harmful and having negative impacts on human being and other life forms. Existing treatment systems are ineffective in treating the EC and the treated effluent act as source of pollution to the water bodies. Considering the requirement of new technologies that can remove EC, the Constructed wetlands (CWs) are getting popular and can be a valid option for the treatment of EC. In this context application of macrophytes in CW have increased the removal performance of constructed wetland system. Growing macrophytes in CW have augmented the removal of EC from these systems. In different studies macrophytes supported the removal process of EC in CW and a removal efficiency up to 97% was achieved. This review summarizes the direct and indirect roles of macrophytes in CW in the treatment of EC. Also, it evaluates the success of CW technology, in treating EC, its limitation, and future perspective. The direct role of macrophytes include precipitation on root surface, absorption, and degradation of EC by these plants. Growth of macrophytes in CWs facilitates the uptake EC by the absorption and detoxify them in their cell with the help of enzymatic and hormonal activity which supports the removal of EC in wetland system. Indirect impacts, which appear to be more significant than direct effects, include increased removal of EC through better rhizospheric microbial activity and exudate secretions, which enhances the removal by four times. Thus, this review emphasizes combined application of CW and aquatic macrophytes which augmented the performance of CW for the treatment of EC. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]. © 2024, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Society of Wetland Scientists.
Occurrence, Fate, and Remediation of Arsenic
(wiley, 2021) Gurudatta Singh; Anubhuti Singh; Reetika Shukla; Jayant Karwadiya; Ankita Gupta; Anam Naheed; Virendra Kumar Mishra
The contamination of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems by arsenic (As) is a very sensitive environmental issue due to its adverse impact on organisms. Although arsenic contamination is not only of anthropogenic origin, the problem of arsenic contamination in water sources in many areas has been considered calamitous because of its significant risk to different organisms. Many of the organisms are already suffering from the irreversible effects of arsenic poisoning. The disposal of industrial and mining waste has led to extensive contamination of land and water resources. It also causes a potential problem for food chain contamination. Awareness of arsenic poisoning to the mass majority of people has led to the development of efficient remediation technologies for its mitigation. There are many strategies for remediation such as coagulation-flocculation, membrane techniques, nanoparticles, and many more. In this chapter, different sources of arsenic contamination, health effects, and important management strategies currently being practiced for arsenic-contaminated areas (surface and groundwater) are shown. The chapter concludes with different remediation techniques for the removal of arsenic contaminants from water systems, and some are evolving as alternative green techniques. © 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. All rights reserved.
Organic pollutants in groundwater resource
(wiley, 2021) Gurudatta Singh; Anubhuti Singh; Priyanka Singh; Virendra Kumar Mishra
This chapter reviews the occurrence of groundwater contaminants, including natural and manmade. Contaminants found in groundwater cover a broad range of physical, inorganic, and organic chemicals and radioactive parameters. The increasing trends of industrial effluents, including municipal sewage, are the main sources for organic contaminants in groundwater. In order to reduce the level of contamination, plans can be developed to combat the menace. The present study discusses the sources of contaminants, their movement, and remedial measures to stop further groundwater contamination in India. There is also a need to establish low-cost remediation methods to enable more reliable remediation to solve groundwater contamination problems, as it reduces the possibility of negative impacts of contaminants to a level that is not harmful to human health. © 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. All rights reserved.
Overview of sources, fate, and Impact of Endocrine Disrupting Compounds in environment and assessment of their Regulatory Policies across different Continents
(Elsevier B.V., 2023) Anubhuti Singh; Gurudatta Singh; Priyanka Singh; Virendra Kumar Mishra
Under the present research we have reviewed the sources, fate of Endocrine Disrupting Compounds (EDCs) and its impact on the health of both human and the environment. Followed by this we examine the regulatory frameworks and policies from different continents across the world to identify those with the capacity to address EDCs. Data derived from experiments and epidemiological studies of EDCs demonstrated the negative impact of EDCs on organisms like humans and other animals even at very low concentration ranging from nano to micro grams per liter. As a result of a lack of efficient management and remediation operations these compounds are increasing consistently into the environment. Furthermore, a critical examination of the existing legal framework regarding use of EDCs revealed the presence of weak, vague and insufficient regulations worldwide. It also revealed that most of the substantial rules, regulation and legal framework are available only in developed nations like USA, Canada, Australia, Japan, South Korea and different countries of European Union. Handful information has been developed in some nations with transitional economies; essentially little or no information on EDCs was available from developing countries. © 2023 The Author(s)
Persistence of pesticides and their impacts on human health and environment
(Elsevier, 2022) Priyanka Singh; Gurudatta Singh; Anubhuti Singh; Virendra Kumar Mishra
Pesticide is a complex word that encompasses all compounds which are applied to destroy or regulate pests, which include insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides. Pesticide is one of the intensive anthropogenic sources of pollution in the environment which affects the population of flora and fauna and ultimately negatively affects human health. Many researchers have demonstrated about different pesticides and their metabolites, even they can be accumulated in the food products during the exposure for the long time and in multiple manners, transmitted through the food chain, accumulate in the human body and thereby affects the genetic status and health of the population. This chapter focuses on pesticide exposure during the pregnancy which is thought to adversely affect fetal growth, which in turn may impact child growth. An increasing body of evidence indicates the prenatal exposure to various environmental chemicals which may have been liked to interfere with nano development even causes lasting effects throughout the life course. One of the primary sponsors of the green revolution was finding ways to improve and use safe pesticides to control the wide range of herbal and insects, which negatively affects the quantity and quality of world food production. © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Potential of different biobed–biopurification systems in the treatment of domestic sewage
(IWA Publishing, 2024) Anubhuti Singh; Gurudatta Singh; Priyanka Singh; Virendra Kumar Mishra
In total, four biobed-biopurification systems (BBPS) were made for treating the wastewater: BBPS1, BBPS2, BBPS3 and BBPS4, and the substrates used in biobeds were rice husk, soil, vermicompost, gravel and sand as an adsorbent in different proportion according to the design and treatment needs. Five litres of primary treated effluent were provided to every setup and the effluents were analysed after different retention intervals, i.e., 0 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h for different physio-chemical properties. The findings of the experiment showed that the BBPS1, BBPS2, BBPS3 and BBPS4 was highly efficient to remove organic impurities but much less efficient to eliminate physical impurity. Much faster removal of the pollutants was achieved in the BBPS1 and BBPS2 in comparison to BBPS3 and BBPS4. Both the beds BBPS1 and BBPS2 created favourable circumstances for organic contaminants to biodegrade as for biological oxygen demands (BOD) removal efficiency was 55.35% and 56.44% and chemical oxygen demands (COD) removal efficiency was 85.15% and 70.90%, respectively. Both the setups, i.e., BBPS1 and BBPS 2 are also much more efficient for the removal of biogenic contaminants, i.e., 85.71% and 73.20% for nitrate and 65.12% and 76.99% for phosphate, respectively. Overall, the performance of BBPS2 proved excellent in comparison to other setups by calculation of its removal efficiency percent for different parameters. © 2024 The Authors.
Sources, fate, and impact of pharmaceutical and personal care products in the environment and their different treatment technologies
(Elsevier, 2020) Gurudatta Singh; Anubhuti Singh; Priyanka Singh; Akanksha Gupta; Reetika Shukla; Virendra Kumar Mishra
Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are the major emerging contaminants that affect the different component of the environment. The group of PPCPs includes a large number of medicines such as antibiotics, analgesics, antiseptics, antidepressants, and personal care products. These compounds are released into the environment and there is no regular monitoring of these compounds. The major sources of these compounds include industries, hospital waste, and sewage treatment plants (STPs). Concentrations of these compounds may vary in the different components of the ecosystem from 1 to 100 ng/L. Due to their increasing levels and lack of appropriate techniques, these compounds cannot be removed from different sources through conventional STPs. Some methods are available, which can be used for the removal of these contaminants. In this chapter, we reviewed the sources and fate of the pharmaceutical compounds and also discussed the different removal techniques for the pharmaceutical compounds from various matrices. © 2021 Elsevier Inc.
Sources, fate, and treatment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from the polluted environment
(Elsevier, 2020) Akanksha Gupta; Anubhuti Singh; Virendra Kumar Mishra
Soil is a vital source for life on the earth, but the growing urbanization and industrialization leads to its pollution. One of the most concerned classes of pollutants is polyaromatic hydrocarbons that are generated due to incomplete burning of organic matter. Any polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compound is commonly found in mixtures with other PAHs in the environment, for example, soot. Most of these compounds are mutagenic and carcinogenic; so it became very concerning to remove these harmful chemicals from our surroundings. To achieve this goal, microbial degradation works as a boon but with some limitations. To overcome these boundaries, genetic engineering of known PAH-degrading microorganisms seems like the solution. © 2021 Elsevier Inc.
The Fate of Organic Pollutants and Their Microbial Degradation in Water Bodies
(wiley, 2021) Gurudatta Singh; Anubhuti Singh; Priyanka Singh; Reetika Shukla; Shashank Tripathi; Virendra Kumar Mishra
Globally, organic substances are one of the major pollutants in the contamination of water bodies. Some of the major sources of organic pollutants are domestic sewage, industrial effluent from various industries like the pharmaceutical industry, pulp and paper, coalmines, food processing, fertilizers, and agricultural run-off containing pesticides. Input from these sources leads to changes in the physicochemical properties of water bodies, thereby putting stress on aquatic ecosystems or water bodies. These changes induce a change in pH, temperature, total suspended solids (TSSs), total dissolved solids (TDSs), dissolved oxygen (DO), and other properties. Previous studies revealed that biodegradable compounds tend to deplete DO content of a water body. Organic contaminants are degraded in water bodies through various transformation processes in the natural environment such as photodegradation, biodegradation, microbial degradation, and enzymatic degradation. The present chapter describes various sources and types of organic pollutants, associated problems, and different methods of pollutant removal with a special emphasis on microbial degradation. Some advanced and efficient technologies such as photocatalytic degradation and advanced oxidation technologies are discussed. During the past few decades, the natural attenuation method has generally been used for pollutant removal, which is a combination of chemical and biological processes. Changing environmental conditions during the natural attenuation process results in the acceleration of pollutant degrading microbial communities with special reference to the emerging contaminant (EC). The biodegradation pattern of such contaminations is not yet understood, and thus, provides a good scope for the inculcation of different methods, which could prove to be sustainable and energy-efficient. Organic pollutants are naturally degraded into the environment, however, degradation always has a certain upper limit, which seems to be passed under current environmental conditions. This phenomenon may result in an increase of organic contaminants into water bodies. Therefore, utmost care is required before the discharge of organic pollutants into water bodies. © 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. All rights reserved.