Browsing by Author "Anukool Vaishnav"

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A scientometric analysis on WoS reports to evaluate the research on Fusarium oxysporum since 2009
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2019) Prachi Singh; Anukool Vaishnav; Satyendra Pratap Singh; Jagajjit Sahu
Fusarium oxysporum is one of the most devastating fungal pathogen, worldwide having wide host range, infecting large number of monocot and dicot. In the present study, scientometrics approach has been used to summarise all study on F. oxysporum in a single article. We collected a total 5358 reports from Web of Science (WoS) since 2009 to till date and analysed using R scripts. The average citations per documents and annual growth percentage of 10.66 and 1.44, respectively, were obtained. Most productive country was China with 951 followed by India with 774 articles. However, based upon the citation parameters, India became the top most country with 9781 citations and China came on the second place with 9024 citations. When topical classification was performed, Plant science was found to contain maximum of 1522 documents. Collectively, information on F. oxysporum synthesised and identified gaps, which are most deserving for exploration. © 2019, © 2019 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
Belowground fungal volatiles perception in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) facilitates plant growth under biotic stress
(Elsevier GmbH, 2021) Jyoti Singh; Prachi Singh; Anukool Vaishnav; Shatrupa Ray; Rahul Singh Rajput; Shiv Mohan Singh; Harikesh Bahadur Singh
Microbial volatile organic compounds (mVOCs) have great potential in plant ecophysiology, yet the role of belowground VOCs in plant stress management remains largely obscure. Analysis of biocontrol producing VOCs into the soil allow detailed insight into their interaction with soil borne pathogens for plant disease management. A root interaction trial was set up to evaluate the effects of VOCs released from Trichoderma viride BHU-V2 on soil-inhabiting fungal pathogen and okra plant growth. VOCs released into soil by T. viride BHU-V2 inhibited the growth of collar rot pathogen, Sclerotium rolfsii. Okra plants responded to VOCs by increasing the root growth (lateral roots) and total biomass content. VOCs exposure increased defense mechanism in okra plants by inducing different enzyme activities i.e. chitinase (0.89 fold), β-1,3-glucanase (0.42 fold), peroxidase (0.29 fold), polyphenol oxidase (0.33 fold) and phenylalanine lyase (0.7 fold) when inoculated with S. rolfsii. In addition, T. viride BHU-V2 secreted VOCs reduced lipid peroxidation and cell death in okra plants under pathogen inoculated condition. GC/MS analysis of VOCs blend revealed that T. viride BHU-V2 produced more number of antifungal compounds in soil medium as compared to standard medium. Based on the above observations it is concluded that okra plant roots perceive VOCs secreted by T. viride BHU-V2 into soil that involved in induction of plant defense system against S. rolfsii. In an ecological context, the findings reveal that belowground microbial VOCs may play an important role in stress signaling mechanism to interact with plants. © 2021
Comparative expression analysis of defence-related genes in Bacillus-treated Glycine max upon challenge inoculation with selective fungal phytopathogens
(Indian Academy of Sciences, 2018) Shekhar Jain; Anukool Vaishnav; Ajit Varma; Devendra Kumar Choudhary
Activation of defence-related genes by the application of beneficial bacteria leads to prior protection against pathogens through induced systemic resistance. The present study was carried out to examine the qRT- PCR-based relative quantification of differently expressed defence-related genes in soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) plants primed with Bacillus sp. strain SJ-5 against the fungal pathogen Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium oxysporum. In this context, molecular characterization of plant growth promoting and biocontrol genes of SJ-5 was done by PCR followed by homology analysis. In the GC-MS analysis of SJ-5 volatile organic compounds, potent antifungal compound bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and antioxidant compound butylated hydroxy toluene were reported with the highest peak area 47.96% and 21.82% respectively, along with other antifungal compounds in small proportion. Qualitative expression of different defence-related genes like lipoxygenase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase 2, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, endo-1,3-beta-glucanase, catalase, defensin-like protein, vegetative storage protein and chitinase class I was found elicited in the plants primed with SJ-5 against the fungal pathogens. In the qPCR analysis, the highest upregulation was observed in the transcript profile of ppojh2 in the treatments T5 and T6 with 4.12- and 4.06-fold increase respectively. © 2018 Current Science Association, Bengaluru.
Current understanding of plant-microbe interaction through the lenses of multi-omics approaches and their benefits in sustainable agriculture
(Elsevier GmbH, 2022) Deepti Diwan; Md. Mahtab Rashid; Anukool Vaishnav
The success of sustainable agricultural practices has now become heavily dependent on the interactions between crop plants and their associated microbiome. Continuous advancement in high throughput sequencing platforms, omics-based approaches, and gene editing technologies has remarkably accelerated this area of research. It has enabled us to characterize the interactions of plants with associated microbial communities more comprehensively and accurately. Furthermore, the genomic and post-genomic era has significantly refined our perspective toward the complex mechanisms involved in those interactions, opening new avenues for efficiently deploying the knowledge in developing sustainable agricultural practices. This review focuses on our fundamental understanding of plant-microbe interactions and the contribution of existing multi-omics approaches, including those under active development and their tremendous success in unraveling different aspects of the complex network between plant hosts and microbes. In addition, we have also discussed the importance of sustainable and eco-friendly agriculture and the associated outstanding challenges ahead. © 2022 Elsevier GmbH
Endophytic Bacteria in Plant Salt Stress Tolerance: Current and Future Prospects
(Springer New York LLC, 2019) Anukool Vaishnav; Awadhesh K. Shukla; Anjney Sharma; Roshan Kumar; Devendra K. Choudhary
Soil salinity is a major limiting factor for crop productivity worldwide and is continuously increasing owing to climate change. A wide range of studies and practices have been performed to induce salt tolerance mechanisms in plants, but their result in crop improvement has been limited due to lack of time and money. In the current scenario, there is increasing attention towards habitat-imposed plant stress tolerance driven by plant-associated microbes, either rhizospheric and/or endophytic. These microbes play a key role in protecting plants against various environmental stresses. Therefore, the use of plant growth-promoting microbes in agriculture is a low-cost and eco-friendly technology to enhance crop productivity in saline areas. In the present review, the authors describe the functionality of endophytic bacteria and their modes of action to enhance salinity tolerance in plants, with special reference to osmotic and ionic stress management. There is concrete evidence that endophytic bacteria serve host functions, such as improving osmolytes, anti-oxidant and phytohormonal signaling and enhancing plant nutrient uptake efficiency. More research on endophytes has enabled us to gain insights into the mechanism of colonization and their interactions with plants. With this information in mind, the authors tried to solve the following questions: (1) how do benign endophytes ameliorate salt stress in plants? (2) What type of physiological changes incur in plants under salt stress conditions? And (3), what type of determinants produced by endophytes will be helpful in plant growth promotion under salt stress? © 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
Epigenetic regulation of salinity stress responses in cereals
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2022) Md. Mahtab Rashid; Anukool Vaishnav; Rakesh Kumar Verma; Pradeep Sharma; P. Suprasanna; R.K. Gaur
Cereals are important crops and are exposed to various types of environmental stresses that affect the overall growth and yield. Among the various abiotic stresses, salt stress is a major environmental factor that influences the genetic, physiological, and biochemical responses of cereal crops. Epigenetic regulation which includes DNA methylation, histone modification, and chromatin remodelling plays an important role in salt stress tolerance. Recent studies in rice genomics have highlighted that the epigenetic changes are heritable and therefore can be considered as molecular signatures. An epigenetic mechanism under salinity induces phenotypic responses involving modulations in gene expression. Association between histone modification and altered DNA methylation patterns and differential gene expression has been evidenced for salt sensitivity in rice and other cereal crops. In addition, epigenetics also creates stress memory that helps the plant to better combat future stress exposure. In the present review, we have discussed epigenetic influences in stress tolerance, adaptation, and evolution processes. Understanding the epigenetic regulation of salinity could help for designing salt-tolerant varieties leading to improved crop productivity. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.
Exploration of multitrait antagonistic microbes against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici
(Applied and Natural Science Foundation, 2019) Prachi Singh; Jyoti Singh; Rahul Singh Rajput; Anukool Vaishnav; Shatrupa Ray; R.K. Singh; H.B. Singh
Fusarium wilt is one of the major diseases of tomato causing extensive loss of production. Exploration of agriculturally important microbes (AIMs) for management of the tomato wilt is an ecofriendly and cost effective approach. In the present study, a total 30 Trichoderma and 30 bacterial isolates were screened in the laboratory for their biocontrol activity against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici (FOL). Out of all the isolates tested, Trichoderma asperellum BHU P-1 and Ochrobactrum sp. BHU PB-1 were found to show maximum inhibition of FOL in dual culture assay. Both the microbes also exhibited plant growth promoting activities such as phosphate solubilisation, production of siderophore, hydrogen cyanide (HCN), indole acetic acid (IAA) and protease activity. These microbes could be evaluated further in greenhouse and field studies for their potential use in management of Fusarium wilt of tomato. © 2019, Applied and Natural Science Foundation. All rights reserved.
Extending the benefits of PGPR to bioremediation of nitrile pollution in crop lands for enhancing crop productivity
(Elsevier B.V., 2022) Anukool Vaishnav; Roshan Kumar; Harikesh Bahadur Singh; Birinchi Kumar Sarma
Incessant release of nitrile group of compounds such as cyanides into agricultural land through industrial effluents and excessive use of nitrile pesticides has resulted in increased nitrile pollution. Release of nitrile compounds (NCs) as plant root exudates is also contributing to the problem. The released NCs interact with soil elements and persists for a long time. Persistent higher concentration of NCs in soil cause toxicity to beneficial microflora and affect crop productivity. The NCs can cause more problems to human health if they reach groundwater and enter the food chain. Nitrile degradation by soil bacteria can be a solution to the problem if thoroughly exploited. However, the impact of such bacteria in plant and soil environments is still not properly explored. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) with nitrilase activity has recently gained attention as potential solution to address the problem. This paper reviews the core issue of nitrile pollution in soil and the prospects of application of nitrile degrading bacteria for soil remediation, soil health improvement and plant growth promotion in nitrile-polluted soils. The possible mechanisms of PGPR that can be exploited to degrade NCs, converting them into plant useful compounds and synthesis of the phytohormone IAA from degraded NCs are also discussed at length. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.
Genomics of extremophiles for sustainable agriculture and biotechnological applications (Part i)
(Bentham Science Publishers, 2020) Anukool Vaishnav; Jagajjit Sahu; Harikesh B. Singh
[No abstract available]
Influence of Seed Biopriming and Vermiwash Treatment on Tomato Plant's Immunity and Nutritional Quality upon Sclerotium rolfsii Challenge Inoculation
(Springer, 2021) Rahul Singh Rajput; Jyoti Singh; Prachi Singh; Anukool Vaishnav; Harikesh Bahadur Singh
Tomato is an important nutritional vegetable crop and its nutrient contents are affected by both biotic and abiotic stresses. The main objective of this study was to determine the effect of seed biopriming with Trichoderma pseudokoningii BHUR2 and vermiwash treatment on nutrient content of tomato and defense response against Sclerotium rolfsii under heat stress condition. The combined application of T. pseudokoningii BHUR2 and vermiwash increased fresh weight of root (4.8-fold) and shoot (5.8-fold), dry weight of root (6.9-fold) and shoot (6.4-fold) and number of fruits per plant (4.2-fold) as compared to control under S. rolfsii inoculated condition. Plants treated with T. pseudokoningii BHUR2 and vermiwash exhibited higher defense response against S. rolfsii, mediated by higher activity of superoxide dismutase (3.57-fold), peroxidase (2.05-fold) and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (2.98-fold) enzymes and accumulation of total phenol content (5.35-fold) as compared to control plants. In addition, combined treatment was found to have a positive impact on nutritional status (N, P, K and Ca and lycopene, total soluble sugar and total protein) in tomato fruit. These results suggest potential of T. pseudokoningii BHUR2 and vermiwash in enhancing tomato immunity against S. rolfsii under heat stress condition, which was due to (1) induction in the antioxidant activity and phenylpropanoid pathway, which minimize oxidative damage and reduce pathogen infection and (2) significant improvement in nutrient content leads to better plant growth. The formulation of Trichoderma BHUR2 can be used for field application to mitigate heat stress in plants. © 2020, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
Insights in plant-microbe interaction through genomics approach (Part 1)
(Bentham Science Publishers, 2020) Jagajjit Sahu; Anukool Vaishnav; Harikesh B. Singh
[No abstract available]
Manoeuvring Soil Microbiome and Their Interactions: A Resilient Technology for Conserving Soil and Plant Health
(Springer Singapore, 2021) Md. Mahtab Rashid; Nishar Akhtar; Basavaraj Teli; Raina Bajpai; Anukool Vaishnav
The soil microbial community hugely affects the growth and development of the plants through direct or indirect interactions. The rhizospheric microbial community dwelling in the soil are major drivers of this phenomenon. Manipulation of soil microbial population and community through various treatments of an array of beneficial microbes such as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, plant growth-promoting fungi, endophytic bacteria, biocontrol agents, etc. helps in alleviating various abiotic and biotic stresses of the plants. This, in turn, leads to the achievement of the yield which is close to the potential yield of the crop. Apart from increasing the yield of the crop, some of the beneficial microbes also enhance the nutrient content in the soil and availability of certain minerals to the plants eventually leading to conservation of soil health. Thus, manipulation of plant–soil microbiome paves the way for sustainable and green agriculture without imparting excessive monetary expenses, thereby creating increased crop production and embellishment of soil health. This chapter will so focus on the strategies and methods that are adopted to manipulate the plant–soil microbiome interactions, various mechanisms that are involved in the interactions, and the impact of this technology on the plant and soil. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021.
Microbe-based novel biostimulants for sustainable crop production
(Springer Singapore, 2019) Rahul Singh Rajput; Ratul Moni Ram; Anukool Vaishnav; Harikesh Bahadur Singh
The emerging status and scope of microbial products for better plant growth and prevention of diseases have attracted attention of researchers, industrialists to promote this field and farmers to utilize them as microbial stimulants. The hazardous impact of chemical fungicides in our ecosystem can also be mitigated through these strategies. Owing to the multifarious applications of biostimulants, agriculturally important microorganisms (AIMs) have been incorporated in agricultural system as biofertilizers and biopesticides. AIMs employed multiple mechanisms including nutrient solubilization, production of siderophores, phytohormone, antimicrobial compounds and volatiles, ACC deaminase and exopolysaccharide to work as biostimulant for alleviation of abiotic and biotic stresses in plants. In the present chapter, a comprehensive study on microbial biostimulants has been emphasized to confer their growth promoting and stress alleviation activities in plants. This would surely facilitate in a profound perception about mechanism of the plant-microbe interaction. Once a better knowledge developed about the governing action mechanisms of the microbe-based biostimulants is made, it will be easy to target next generation of biostimulants which may have multitargeted approach. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2019.
Microbial biofilm: An advanced eco-friendly approach for bioremediation
(Elsevier, 2019) Anjney Sharma; Hena Jamali; Anukool Vaishnav; Balendu Shekhar Giri; Alok Kumar Srivastava
Microbial biofilm is a new emerging subject for microbiologists to work in the areas of environment, industry, agriculture, and health. Biofilms enhance the proliferation and colonization of microbes on surface and protect cells in an adverse environment. The potential of microbes surrounded by biofilms has recently been realized for bioremediation processes. The mutually beneficial interaction of multiple microorganisms in biofilms attracts attention toward xenobiotics and their uses in industrial plants to degrade pollutants. Microbial biofilms are using in different bioreactors and biofilters for pollutant degradation on a large scale. Although limited information is are available on bioremediation through microbial biofilms, this chapter presents the fundamental aspects of biofilms and their application in the bioremediation field. A better understanding of the role of microbial mechanisms in pollutant tolerance and their degradation can be beneficial for bioremediation strategies. Understanding the mechanisms and genes involved in biofilm formation will help to develop new strategies for bioremediation. © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Microbial Volatiles (mVOCs) Induce Tomato Plant Growth and Disease Resistance Against Wilt Pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici
(Springer, 2024) Prachi Singh; Jyoti Singh; Shatrupa Ray; Anukool Vaishnav; Priyanka Jha; Rakesh Kumar Singh; Harikesh Bahadur Singh
Microbial volatile organic compounds (mVOCs) and its potentiality in plant growth and development is still an unexplored area. The in vitro study on bipartite plate showed inhibition of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp lycopersici (FOL) by volatiles of Trichoderma asperellum BHU P1 and Ochrobactrum sp. BHU-PB1 over control. The seed germination and seedling growth was recorded maximum in plant exposed to VOCs of Ochrobactrum sp. in both magenta box (in vitro) and pot (in vivo) experiment. The growth parameters as seed germination, shoot length, root length, fresh weight, dry weight, number of lateral roots and number of leaflets was compared to be higher in microbial volatile metabolites treated plants as compared to control. Disease incidence in T. asperellum and Ochrobactrum sp. volatile treated tomato plants were 43.66% and 41.33%, respectively at 20 days post inoculation (dpi) whereas untreated control showed disease incidence up to 79.16%. GC–MS analysis of volatile metabolite of T. asperellum BHU P1 detected 42 compounds and Ochrobactrum sp. BHU-PB1 detected 50 compounds over PDB and NB control. HPLC analysis of volatile treated tomato leaves showed enhanced concentration of gallic acid, t-chlorogenic acid, rutin, p-caumeric acid, cinnamic acid, ferulic acid, capsacin, salicylic acid, syringic acid and quercetin over control at 0, 48 and 72 h of FOL challenge. Above observations led to the conclusion that tomato roots which perceived the volatiles of Ochrobactrum sp. BHU-PB1 showed better plant growth promotion and enhanced plant defense, revealed by higher phenolic compound production followed by T. asperellum BHU P1 volatile treated plant. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2023.
New and future developments in microbial biotechnology and bioengineering: Sustainable agriculture: Revitalization through organic products
(Elsevier, 2022) Harikesh Bahadur Singh; Anukool Vaishnav
New and Future Developments in Microbial Biotechnology and Bioengineering: Sustainable Agriculture: Revitalization through Organic Products provides a comprehensive overview of different organic products which work as plant biostimulants, i.e., protein hydrolysates, chitosan, microbial derived exopolysaccharides, pectin, nanoparticles, etc. In addition, detailed insights in their mechanisms for plant growth promotion and stress alleviation are covered. This volume further discusses the extraction and formulation of organic products for use in sustainable agriculture. The application of microbial derived secondary metabolites in crop protection is also extensively covered. This book will be ideal for agrochemists, biotechnologists, biochemists, industrialists, researchers and scientists working on organic farming. © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Preface
(Elsevier, 2022) Harikesh Bahadur Singh; Anukool Vaishnav
[No abstract available]
Regulation of Drought-Responsive Gene Expression in Glycine max L. Merrill is Mediated Through Pseudomonas simiae Strain AU
(Springer New York LLC, 2019) Anukool Vaishnav; Devendra Kumar Choudhary
Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) have been described for sustainable agriculture practices as being a vital agent for abiotic and biotic stress mitigation and growth promotion in plants. In the present research, the authors emphasize the role of drought tolerant PGPR namely, Pseudomonas simiae strain AU, in protection of soybean plants by modulating the gene expression profile and phytohormone biosynthesis responsible for drought tolerance in plants. The gene expression analysis confirmed the involvement of transcription factors (DREB/EREB), osmoprotectants (P5CS, GOLS), and water transporters (PIP & TIP), as these genes were up-regulated in P. simiae AU-inoculated plants leading to drought tolerance. In addition, enhanced production of abscisic acid (ABA) and salicylic acid (SA) hormones and reduction of ethylene emission, associated with promoting drought tolerance, was observed in bacterial-inoculated plants in comparison to non-inoculated plants. Higher proline and total soluble sugar contents in AU-inoculated soybean plants also contributed to increased tolerance to drought stress. Overall, P. simiae AU mediated drought-induced expression profiles of stress genes and plant hormones were determined in soybean plants. © 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
Seed Biopriming Through Beneficial Rhizobacteria for Mitigating Soil-Borne and Seed-Borne Diseases
(Springer, 2019) Rahul Singh Rajput; Prachi Singh; Jyoti Singh; Shatrupa Ray; Anukool Vaishnav; Harikesh Bahadur Singh
Seed priming enables seed hydration, thereby activating its metabolism without substantial germination. It also assists in rapid germination as well as enhances resistance to both biotic and abiotic stresses. Soilborne pathogens such as Sclerotium rolfsii, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and Rhizoctonia possess major threat to crop production on a global scale. These pathogens cause diseases at the time of seed germination; hence, seed biopriming approach will be advantageous for early crop protection. Further, seed biopriming also providing greater protection by biocontrol increased adherence to seed surface. Thereby biocontrol agents will be establishing prior to pathogen infection. In this context, seed biopriming is a promising technique in comparison to seed treatment, soil application, and foliar spray, thereby providing a significant contribution to sustainable agriculture. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2019.
Seed biopriming with antagonistic microbes and ascorbic acid induce resistance in tomato against Fusarium wilt
(Elsevier GmbH, 2020) Prachi Singh; Jyoti Singh; Shatrupa Ray; Rahul Singh Rajput; Anukool Vaishnav; Rakesh Kumar Singh; Harikesh Bahadur Singh
Seed biopriming is an emerging technique to enhance seed germination under stress conditions. An integrated approach of tomato seed biopriming with ascorbic acid, Trichoderma asperellum BHU P-1 and Ochrobactrum sp. BHU PB-1 was applied to observe the response against wilt pathogen of tomato Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL). Tomato seeds bioprimed with the aforementioned application expressed augmented seed germination and activated of defense response. Seed germination was recorded higher (80 %) at low concentration (1 pM) of ascorbic acid as compared to high concentration of 1 mM (41 %). Combination of both ascorbic acid and antagonistic microbe treatments (T5 & T6) significantly reduced disease incidence (up to 28 %) in tomato plants at 10 days. T5 and T6 treated plants exhibited higher accumulation of total phenol content and increased activity of Phenylammonia lyase (PAL), Peroxidase (PO), Chitinase (Chi) and Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) as compared to control (T1) plants. ROS formation in the form of H2O2 was also found to be reduced in combined treatment. Histochemical analysis revealed that phenylpropanoid pathway (lignin deposition) was more activated in combined priming treatment plants as compared to individual treatment upon challenge inoculation with FOL. Transcript expression analysis of defense genes confirmed the up-regulation of PAL (2.1 fold), Chi (0.92 fold), Pathogenesis related proteins (PR) (1.58 fold) and Lipoxygenase (Lox) (0.72 fold) in T6 treatment as compared to T1 treatment plants at 96 h. This study reveals that ascorbic acid treatment with antagonistic microbes through seed priming effectively induced seed germination and elicited defense mechanism to control wilt disease in tomato plants. © 2020 Elsevier GmbH