Browsing by Author "Anup Kumar Yadava"

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Benchmarking economic performance of Indian States through supply and demand side financial inclusion indices: a DEA approach
(Springer Nature, 2025) Anup Kumar Yadava; Vishal Yadav; Bhanu Pratap Singh
Financial inclusion plays a vital role in financial development and in achieving developmental goals. This study assesses the performance of Indian states using a multidimensional Financial Inclusion Index (FII) as an input and economic growth as the output variable. The study computes the supply and demand sides of the FII for 27 major Indian states from 2010 to 2021. Utilizing the supply and demand side FIIs as inputs and the actual net state domestic product as the output, non-parametric Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) models are applied to measure the technical efficiency of states. The results show that Goa and Tamil Nadu lead in the respective supply and demand-side indices. Moreover, Maharashtra exhibits high performance and serves as a benchmark for other states in both the Constant Returns to Scale (CRS) and Variable Returns to Scale (VRS) DEA models, consistent with the FII indices of these states. The findings of the study suggest that most states are operating at lower levels of financial inclusion, and that deepening financial services will enhance scale efficiency. Therefore, along with improving financial services in economically disadvantaged and underperforming states, focus should be given to moderating factors such as human development, infrastructure, and institutional quality within the policy framework, which affect the efficacy of FII in promoting growth and explaining the variations in economic performance observed among different states in India. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.
Benchmarking the performance of organic farming in India
(John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2021) Anup Kumar Yadava; Jadi Bala Komaraiah
This study set out to measure the performance of organic farming in India. The study utilized data of 21 Indian states for the period 2016–2017, and the states are considered as decision making units for performance assessment. In the first step, we compared the “pure organic production” or “production technology set A” with the “production including the conversion period” of organic farming or “production technology set B” by incorporating the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method of performance evaluation. In the second step, we estimated the performance of “pure organic production” and applied the bootstrap DEA method to correct the biasness in the traditional DEA approach. The input-oriented DEA model reveals that on average technical efficiency of organic farming production is 84.7%, and the output-oriented DEA model concludes 20% technical efficiency which means organic farming production can be increased by 80% with the same amount of inputs utilization. Evidence is presented in the conclusion which shows that organic farming practice is highly beneficial for land degraded states of India. The findings can contribute to implement policies for organic farming production in Indian states. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Nexus among CO2 emissions, remittances, and financial development: a NARDL approach for India
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2020) Yadawananda Neog; Anup Kumar Yadava
The nexus of remittances and CO2 emission is very important and gathers a significant place in empirical research. This paper tries to find out the asymmetric relationship between carbon emissions, remittances, and financial development in India for the period 1980–2014. Based on the theoretical linkages, we develop a nonlinear ARDL model with the use of time series data in this study. The results of the NARDL bound test suggest that there is long-run cointegration among the variables. The findings show that positive shock in remittances causes an increase in CO2 emissions, where negative shock reduces it. The coefficient for financial development is positive but becomes statistically insignificant. Empirical results also support the existence of asymmetric long-run relationship among the variables. Based on the findings, the paper recommends the proper channelization of remittances and financial development towards environment-friendly energy sources and projects without compromising economic growth. © 2020, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
Political competition and environment quality: a study of India
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Yadawananda Neog; Manish Kumar Singh; Anup Kumar Yadava; Achal Kumar Gaur
The focus of sustainable development goals (SDGs) is to promote the use of renewable energy so that countries can achieve better environmental quality. However, the progression is plodding, and still, 80% of energy comes mainly from conventional sources in developing countries. The implementation of procedures depends on the political attitudes, political stability, and quality of institutions. India has a diverse political structure ranging from central government to state government to local governments. In the late ‘80 s, India witnessed a stiff rise in regional and national political parties, which leads more political competition. This paper tries to explain the possible relationship between political competition and CO2 emission in India. With the application of the time series non-linear ARDL (NARDL) model, this study tries to find the asymmetric relationship between political competition and CO2 emission. In our empirical model, we also include other important elements of environmental quality like innovation and fossil fuel consumption. Empirical results show that political competition is asymmetrically related to CO2 emissions in the long run. Fossil fuel consumption and innovation also have a significant relationship with emissions. Based on the results, a few policy recommendations have been discussed. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
Public Sector Performance and Efficiency Assessment of Indian States
(Sage Publications India Pvt. Ltd, 2022) Anup Kumar Yadava; Yadawananda Neog
The purpose of this paper to analyze public spending of 19 Indian states on the basis of their performance. We have computed Public Sector Performance (PSP) scores with their representative sub-indicators for the period of 2006-2015. Total 10 years of data have taken of these sub-indicators to capture the structural changes in the economy. This PSP score is divided into two parts namely, PSP Opportunity and PSP Musgravian. Both the PSPs have their own representative variables and the total PSP scores are the composite average of these indicators. Based on these PSPs scores we have computed states efficiency using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and ranked the states according to their efficiency. We applied three DEA models with consideration of State Total Revenue Expenditure (TRE) as an input variable, further we have considered PSP Opportunity, PSP Musgravian and Total PSP scores as output variables in these models. The input-oriented DEA analysis reveals that states should have decreased public spending by 57.88%. The output-oriented DEA models conclude that state governments would have potential to increase the efficiency by 14.16% without compromising public spending. Various policy suggestions also discussed by incorporating empirical findings at last section of this paper. © 2019 International Management Institute, New Delhi.
Technical Efficiency of Chemical Fertilizers Use and Agricultural Yield: Evidence from India
(University of Teheran, 2023) Anup Kumar Yadava; Jadi Bala Komaraiah
The agriculture sector is a significant contributor to food security and employment in India, where sustainable yield in agriculture is a prime concern. The heavy and improper use of chemical fertilizers persists in technically inefficient agricultural production. This study attempts to evaluate the technical inefficiency of chemical fertilizers' use and measure the potential minimization of fertilizer input without compromising the agricultural yield level. The study uses secondary data from 2006 to 2015 from 28 Indian states and empirically analyses the efficiency of chemical fertilizers use and their impact on agricultural yield by incorporating slack-based Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Three chemical fertilizers, namely; Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K), and gross irrigated land area, have been taken as input variables, and States Total Food-grain (STFG) has been taken as the output variable. The conventional slack-based DEA procedure may have biased efficiency estimates, therefore in the second step, the Double Bootstrap DEA procedure is followed to correct the biasness of efficiency scores that further checks the moderating relation between efficiency scores and agricultural credit using #algorithm1 and #algorithm2 of Simar and Wilson (2007). Findings indicate that fertilizer K has a higher possibility to decrease, followed by P and N. Evidence from double bootstrap establishes a positive relationship between agricultural credit and yield. Hence, farm-level policies, budgetary implications of agricultural credit, and awareness about the proper use of fertilizers will help reduce chemical fertilizer intensiveness in production and enhance the farmers’ income through input saving strategy. © 2023, University of Teheran. All rights reserved.
Technical efficiency of financial inclusion and human development: Insights from the Indian states
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2022) Bhanu Pratap Singh; Anup Kumar Yadava
Financial inclusion programs are used as a major economic development tool in emerging economies. Human development is the major determinant of financial inclusion, creating opportunities for people to better access financial services. The study's major aim is to examine the technical efficiency of financial inclusion of Indian states by Data Envelopment Analysis using human development as input. To achieve this objective, a 3-dimensional Financial Inclusion Index (FII) is constructed for 28 major Indian states from 2010 to 2017. Empirical findings suggest most Indian states are under low and medium financial inclusion, and states with better human development have better FII status. Crucially, technical efficiency results reveal states with better human development perform better in terms of FII. The inconsistency in FII and human development ranks is majorly found in North-eastern and high-income Indian states. Therefore, policymakers in India should focus on promoting human development in low Human Development Index states. © 2021 Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena SpA.