Browsing by Author "Anuradha"

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Adiposity associated changes in serum glucose and adiponectin levels modulate ovarian steroidogenesis during delayed embryonic development in the fruit bat, Cynopterus sphinx
(Academic Press Inc., 2018) Anuradha; Amitabh Krishna
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the mechanism by which embryonic development in Cynopterus sphinx is impaired during the period of increased accumulation of white adipose tissue during winter scarcity of food. The change in the mass of white adipose tissue during adipogenesis showed significant positive correlation with the circulating glucose level. But increase in circulating glucose level during the adipogenesis showed negative correlation with circulating progesterone and adiponectin levels. The in vivo study showed increased glucose uptake by the adipose tissue during adipogenesis due to increased expression of insulin receptor (IR) and glucose transporter (GLUT) 4 proteins. This study showed decline in the adiponectin level during fat accumulation. In the in vitro study, ovary treated with high doses of glucose showed impaired progesterone synthesis. This is due to decreased glucose uptake mediated decrease in the expression of luteinizing hormone-receptor, steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, IR, GLUT4 and AdipoR1 proteins. But the ovary treated with adiponectin either alone or with higher concentration of glucose showed improvement in progesterone synthesis due to increased expression of IR, GLUT4 and AdipoR1 mediated increased glucose uptake. In conclusion, increased circulating glucose level prior to winter dormancy preferably transported to white adipose tissue for fat accumulation diverting glucose away from the ovary. Consequently the decreased availability of adiponectin and glucose to the ovary and utero-embryonic unit may be responsible for impaired progesterone synthesis and delayed embryonic development. The delayed embryonic development in Cynopterus sphinx may have evolved, in part, as a mechanism to prevent pregnancy loss during the period of decreased energy availability. © 2018 Elsevier Inc.
Alkali metal ion codoped Eu3+ activated yttrium orthovanadate with tunable photoluminescence properties for LEDs and anti-counterfeiting applications
(Elsevier Ltd, 2025) Anuradha; Arpita Dwivedi; Satyam Upadhyay; Amit Kumar Srivastava; Monika Srivastava; Rajneesh Kumar; Sanjay Kumar Srivastava
The present experimental report articulates a comprehensive investigation on the synthesis, structural, and photoluminescence characteristics of M0.05,Eu0.05:Y0.90VO4 (M = Li+, Na+, K+) nanophosphors synthesised by auto-combustion approach, for optical display and anticounterfeiting technologies. Various characterization tools such as X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) Spectroscope, and Raman spectroscope have been employed to understand the morphology and crystal structure of M0.05,Eu0.05:Y0.90VO4 (M = Li+, Na+, K+) nanophosphor, which reveals the formation of a pure tetragonal structure and well crystalline phase. Moreover, the UV–Vis spectra, suggests that the as-synthesised material substantiated to possess an energy band gap of ∼3.6 eV conjecturing it as a wide-band material, and the refractive index (n) of the prepared samples has been deduced as ∼ 2.1. Among all alkali ions, Li+-codoped sample exhibits the most intense PL spectra. The enhancement in PL intensity has been observed due to the energy transfer of VO43−→Eu3+ and the codoping of lithium ions acts as a good charge compensator. For the optimized sample CIE coordinates has been found as (0.59, 0.39) and CCT value as 1712 K, which suggest it as a prospective candidate for the warm LEDs. The optimized sample has further been investigated for the visualization of Latent fingerprint on glass slide and as security ink. It displays efficient applicability as a well-defined ridge features up to level III. Henceforth, the as-synthesised Li0.05,Eu0.05:Y0.90VO4 nanophosphor may potentially be applied for multipurpose applications. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l.
Efficacy of extract and essential oil of Lantana indica Roxb. against food contaminating moulds and aflatoxin B1 production
(2010) Ashok Kumar; Ravindra Shukla; Priyanka Singh; Anuradha; Nawal K. Dubey
The study investigates the antifungal and antiaflatoxigenic efficacy of Lantana indica against Aspergillus flavus, a key storage fungus. The leaf essential oil of L. indica was found more active than leaf extracts. The oil absolutely inhibited the growth of A. flavus at 1.5 mg mL-1 while ethanolic and chloroform extracts of leaf show MIC at 7.5 and 10.0 mg mL -1 concentrations respectively. The oil also showed pronounced antiaflatoxigenic efficacy and completely inhibited the aflatoxin B1 production at 0.75 mg mL-1. The ethanolic and chloroformic extracts inhibited the aflatoxin B1 production at 5.0 and 7.5 mg mL -1, respectively while other extracts exhibited poor efficacy. The L. indica essential oil exhibited broad fungitoxic spectrum against twelve different storage moulds. The present findings may recommend the L. indica essential oil and its bioactive leaf extracts as natural preservative would of immense significance in view of the environmental and toxicological implications by indiscriminate use of synthetic pesticides. © Institute of Food Science and Technology.
Enhance photoluminescence properties of Ca-Eu:Y2O3@SiO2 core–shell nanomaterial for the advanced forensic and LEDs applications
(Elsevier B.V., 2023) Arpita Dwivedi; Anuradha; Monika Srivastava; Amit Srivastava; Rajneesh Kumar; Sanjay Kumar Srivastava
The divalent (Ca2+)-doped Eu:Y2O3@SiO2 core–shell luminescent nanophosphors have been synthesised by a cost-effective combustion technique. Various characterizations were carried out to confirm the successful formation of the core–shell structure. The TEM micrograph reveals the thickness of the SiO2 coating over Ca-Eu:Y2O3 as ∼25 nm. The optimal value of silica coating over the phosphor has been obtained as 10 vol%(TEOS) of SiO2, with this value increasing fluorescence intensity by 34 %. Phosphor exhibits CIE coordinates as x = 0.425, y = 0.569 and a CCT value as ∼2115 K with color purity and the respective CRI of 80 % and 98 %, respectively, which make the core–shell nanophosphor suitable for warm LEDs, and other optoelectronic applications. Further, the core–shell nanophosphor has been investigated for the visualisation of latent finger prints and as security ink. The findings point towards the prospective future application of nanophosphor materials for anti-counterfeiting purposes and latent finger prints for forensic purposes. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.
Functional characterization of microbes and their association with unwanted substance for wastewater treatment processes
(Elsevier Ltd, 2023) Prashant Swapnil; Laishram Amarjit Singh; Chandan Mandal; Abhishek Sahoo; Farida Batool; Anuradha; Mukesh Meena; Pritee Kumari; Harish; Andleeb Zehra
Nowadays, microorganisms can be used to eliminate a variety of pollutants such as toxic metal ions from wastewater. These emergences of harmful elements in wastewater, high-priced cultivation of microbes and technical hitches in industrial scale production appeared as main challenges for thriving coupling of microbes with wastewater. These microbes serve as potential sorbents by following suitable adsorption mechanisms. There are some photobioreactors have been also mentioned in this review which is based on microbial biofilm and emerged as an alternative technology to predictable photosynthetic systems for treatment of wastewater based on biomass production at low cost. Bioremediation using different microbes showed contrast results to remove heavy metals from wastewater. Microorganism such as Nostoc sp., Aspergillus versicolor, Aspergillus lentulus and Aspergillus niger remediate 99.6, 99.89, 99.7 and 98 % of Pb, Cr, Cu and Ni, respectively. In this review, mechanistic approaches and distinct pathways of the microbes for removal of various inorganic and organic compounds from wastewater have been methodically discussed. We have also discussed some major commercial production challenges such as techno-economic feasibility genetic engineering research and biorefinery approach. Overall the review discussed the microbial biodiversity in wastewater and their role in remediation of wastewater and their ability to be a potent candidate headed for sustainable industrial wastewater treatment applications through different approaches such as phytoremediation and bioremediation. This article provides valuable insights into multiple aspects of environmental biotechnology, including photobioreactors, metal uptake capacity of microorganisms, heavy metal contamination and its effects and bioremediation using molecular approaches and wastewater treatment through phytoremediation. Moreover, it contributes to our understanding of these topics and can help in the development of sustainable solutions for environmental remediation and pollution control in wastewater though microorganisms. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd
Impact of socio-familial factors on the morbidity of schizophrenia- A case report
(2010) Mona Srivastava; Somsubhra Chattopadhyay; Anuradha
[No abstract available]
Kisspeptin regulates ovarian steroidogenesis during delayed embryonic development in the fruit bat, Cynopterus sphinx
(John Wiley and Sons Inc., 2017) Anuradha; Amitabh Krishna
Cynopterus sphinx, a fruit bat, undergoes delayed embryonic development during the winter months, a period that corresponds to low levels of progesterone and estradiol synthesis by the ovary. Kisspeptins (KPs) are a group of neuropeptide hormones that act via G-protein coupled receptor 54 (GPR54) to stimulate hypothalamic secretion of Gonadotropin-releasing hormone, thereby regulating ovarian steroidogenesis, folliculogenesis, and ovulation. GPR54 is also expressed in the ovary, suggesting a direct role for KPs in ovarian steroidogenesis. The aim of present study was to determine if a low serum level of KP is responsible for reduced progesterone and estradiol levels during the period of delayed embryonic development in C. sphinx. Indeed, low serum KP abundance corresponded to reduced expression of GPR54 in ovarian luteal cells during the period of delayed development compared to normal development. In vitro and in vivo treatment with KP increased GPR54 abundance, via Extracellular signal regulated kinase and its downstream mediators, leading to increased progesterone synthesis in the ovary during delayed embryonic development. KP treatment also increased cholesterol uptake and elevated expression of Luteinizing hormone receptor and Steroid acute regulatory protein in the ovary, suggesting that elevation in circulating KP during delayed embryonic development may reactivate luteal activity. KPs may also enhance cell survival (BCL-2, reduced Caspase 3 activity) and angiogenesis (Vascular endothelium growth factor) during this period. The findings of this study thus demonstrate a regulatory role for KPs in the maintenance of luteal steroidogenesis during pregnancy in C. sphinx. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Modulation of ovarian steroidogenesis by adiponectin during delayed embryonic development of Cynopterus sphinx
(Elsevier Ltd, 2014) Anuradha; Amitabh Krishna
The aim of present study was to evaluate role of adiponectin in ovarian steroidogenesis during delayed embryonic development of Cynopterus sphinx. This study showed significantly low circulating adiponectin level and a decline in expression of adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1) in the ovary during the period of delayed embryonic development as compared with the normal development. The adiponectin treatment in vivo during the period of delayed development caused significantly increased in circulating progesterone and estradiol levels together with increased expression of AdipoR1 in the ovary. The in vitro study confirmed the stimulatory effect of adiponectin on progesterone synthesis. Both in vivo and in vitro studies showed that the effects of adiponectin on ovarian steroidogenesis were mediated through increased expression of luteinizing hormone-receptor, steroidogenic acute regulatory protein and 3β-hydroxyl steroid dehydrogenase enzyme. The adiponectin treatment may also promote progesterone synthesis by modulating ovarian angiogenesis, cell survival and rate of apoptosis. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.
Oxytocin as a modulator for puberty development and its role in social cognition
(Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2020) Shabana Anjum; Anuradha; Amitabh Krishna
Oxytocin (OXT) is a nine amino acid neuropeptide produced in the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary of the brain. OXT are mainly involved in neurotransmitter/neuro-modulatory function in central nervous system. Traditionally OXT was considered as female hormone due to its involvement in uterine contraction during parturition and milk ejection during lactation. But in males, OXT modulates sexual/mating, behaviour, ejaculation and participates in contractile activity of seminiferous tubules (ST) that helps in transfer of sperm to epididymis. Recent study provide an evidence that OXT plays an important role during peri-pubertal development and affects social behaviour by altering neural structure and function. It is now revealed that OXT modulates hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis during puberty. Earlier study showed expression of OXT in gonads during puberty in male. However, recently OXT is also known to be involved in the in the regulation and release of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH). Hormonal events play a significant role in brain-behaviour interactions. However, only limited studies are known about the mechanism by which OXT link with various behavioural activities of childhood, adolescence and adult life. The present review suggests involvement of oxitocinergic system in the regulation of HPG axis during pubertal development and social cognition in the mammals. © 2020 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.
Prolactin modulates luteal activity in the short-nosed fruit bat, Cynopterus sphinx during delayed embryonic development
(Academic Press Inc., 2017) Anuradha; Amitabh Krishna
The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of prolactin as a modulator of luteal steroidogenesis during the period of delayed embryonic development in Cynopterus sphinx. A marked decline in circulating prolactin levels was noted during the months of November through December coinciding with the period of decreased serum progesterone and delayed embryonic development. The seasonal changes in serum prolactin levels correlated positively with circulating progesterone (P) level, but inversely with circulating melatonin level during first pregnancy showing delayed development in Cynopterus sphinx. The results also showed decreased expression of prolactin receptor-short form (PRL-RS) both in the corpus luteum and in the utero-embryonic unit during the period of delayed embryonic development. Bats treated in vivo with prolactin during the period of delayed development showed significant increase in serum progesterone and estradiol levels together with significant increase in the expression of PRL-RS, luteinizing hormone receptor (LH-R), steroidogenic acute receptor protein (STAR) and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) in the ovary. Prolactin stimulated ovarian angiogenesis (vascular endothelial growth factor) and cell survival (B-cell lymphoma 2) in vivo. Significant increases in ovarian progesterone production and the expression of prolactin-receptor, LH-R, STAR and 3β-HSD proteins were noted following the exposure of LH or prolactin in vitro during the delayed period. In conclusion, short-day associated increased melatonin level may be responsible for decreased prolactin release during November–December. The decline in prolactin level might play a role in suppressing P and estradiol-17β (E2) estradiol levels thereby causing delayed embryonic development in C. sphinx. © 2017 Elsevier Inc.
Role of adiponectin in delayed embryonic development of the short-nosed fruit bat, Cynopterus sphinx
(John Wiley and Sons Inc., 2014) Anuradha; Amitabh Krishna
The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of adiponectin in the delayed embryonic development of Cynopterus sphinx. Adiponectin receptor (ADIPOR1) abundance was first observed to be lower during the delayed versus non-delayed periods of utero-embryonic unit development. The effects of adiponectin treatment on embryonic development were then evaluated during the period of delayed development. Exogenous treatment increased the in vivo rate of embryonic development, as indicated by an increase in weight, ADIPOR1 levels in the utero-embryonic unit, and histological changes in embryonic development. Treatment with adiponectin during embryonic diapause showed a significant increase in circulating progesterone and estradiol concentrations, and in production of their receptors in the utero-embryonic unit. The adiponectin-induced increase in estradiol synthesis was correlated with increased cell survival (BCL2 protein levels) and cell proliferation (PCNA protein levels) in the utero-embryonic unit, suggesting an indirect effect of adiponectin via estradiol synthesis by the ovary. An in vitro study further confirmed the in vivo findings that adiponectin treatment increases PCNA levels together with increased uptake of glucose by increasing the abundance of glucose transporter 8 (GLUT8) in the utero-embryonic unit. The in vitro study also revealed that adiponectin, together with estradiol but not alone, significantly increased ADIPOR1 protein levels. Thus, adiponectin works in concert with estradiol to increase glucose transport to the utero-embryonic unit and promote cell proliferation, which together accelerate embryonic development. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Role of putrescine in ovary and embryo development in fruit bat Cynopterus sphinx during embryonic diapause
(John Wiley and Sons Inc., 2019) Anuradha; Arnab Banerjee; Amitabh Krishna
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of putrescine on ovarian activity and the rate of embryonic development in Cynopterus sphinx during delayed development. The result showed the presence of a rate-limiting enzyme, ornithine decarboxylase-1, in both ovary and utero-embryonic unit of C. sphinx suggests a synthesis of putrescine in these sites. The corpus luteum showed increased, whereas utero-embryonic unit showed decreased production of putrescine during delayed development as compared with the normal development. The bat treated in vivo with putrescine during delayed development showed increase in progesterone and estradiol synthesis, correlated with increased expression of luteinizing hormone receptor, steroidogenic acute receptor protein, and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase through extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2)-mediated pathway in the ovary; but showed increase in the weight and expression of progesterone receptor (PR), B-cell lymphoma 2, proliferating cell nucleus antigen, and vascular endothelial growth factor proteins in utero-embryonic unit. The in vitro treatment of putrescine showed stimulatory whereas treatment with an inhibitor of putrescine, 2-difluoromethylornithine caused an inhibitory effect on ovarian progesterone synthesis and cell proliferation, and cell survival in the utero-embryonic unit. In conclusion, the putrescine showed two separate roles during embryonic diapause, high concentration of putrescine in the ovary may support corpus luteum and basal synthesis of progesterone, whereas a low level of putrescine causes retarded embryonic development by inhibiting cell proliferation in the utero-embryonic unit. The bat treated with putrescine either directly promotes cell proliferation, cell survival, and angiogenic activities or acts indirectly increasing PR on utero-embryonic unit thereby activating development in delayed embryo in C. sphinx. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Testicular glucose and its transporter GLUT 8 as a marker of age-dependent variation and its role in steroidogenesis in mice
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2014) Arnab Banerjee; Anuradha; Kaustab Mukherjee; Amitabh Krishna
The present study evaluates the hypothesis, that glucose is essential for steroidogenesis and inadequate supply of glucose to the testis may be responsible for decline in steroidogenesis in mice during aging. Mice of different age groups (birth, weaning, puberty, reproductively active, and senescence) were utilized for this study. The changes in glucose, glucose transporter (GLUT), and insulin receptor (IR) level in the testis were evaluated and compared with the testicular steroidogenic parameters such as steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), 3β-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) and circulating testosterone levels. The result showed significant correlation between changes in GLUT 8 and glucose levels with changes in StAR level in the testis and circulating testosterone level in the mice from birth to senescence. Immunohistochemical analysis showed intense immunostaining of GLUT 8 and IR in the interstitial cells, most likely Leydig cells, in testis of pubertal and reproductively active mice suggesting their relevance in steroidogenesis. The in vitro study showed a significant positive correlation between luteinizing hormone (LH)-induced increase in GLUT 8 and StAR (r=0.82; P<0.05) proteins level in the testes with increase in testosterone (r=0.97; P<0.05) synthesis of reproductively active mice. This study also showed increased release of lactate with increased uptake of glucose by the testis. Further, intra-testicular treatment of 2-deoxy glucose, to reproductively active mice caused a significant decrease in 3β-HSD enzyme activity in the testis. Based on these findings, it may be concluded that the changes in glucose level either directly or indirectly lead to changes in testicular steroidogenesis during aging. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.