Browsing by Author "Arif Ahamad"

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Agriculture in the era of climate change: Consequences and effects
(Elsevier, 2019) Rahul Bhadouria; Rishikesh Singh; Vipin Kumar Singh; Anwesha Borthakur; Arif Ahamad; Gaurav Kumar; Pardeep Singh
The changing environmental conditions, especially global warming and climate variability, are major concerns and have an adverse impact over the future of agriculture. The changing climate has become a global issue which needs rapid policy development at national and international levels. The melting of massive Himalayan glaciers would considerably change the impact of temperature regimes which is necessary for blossoming of several crop plants. Thus, the current generation needs to find solutions to combat the negative impacts of environmental consequences on agricultural crops. Useful strategies include the conservation of the world’s huge biodiversity together with other natural resources. Modifications in currently used agricultural practices and the search for new plant species tolerant to different abiotic and biotic environmental stresses could help to mitigate the negative impact of climate change. © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Assessment of groundwater quality with special emphasis on nitrate contamination in parts of Varanasi City, Uttar Pradesh, India
(Springer Verlag, 2018) Arif Ahamad; Sughosh Madhav; Pardeep Singh; Jitendra Pandey; A.H. Khan
In the current study, an effort was made to assess the geochemistry of groundwater by random collection of the samples from 15 different borewells located in various parts of Varanasi City, Uttar Pradesh, India. Geology of the study region is dominated by Quaternary alluvial sediments of Pleistocene to recent times where the younger alluvium receives fresh deposits of silt, clay and loam from periodic flood events. Ca–Mg–HCO3was inferred as major hydrogeochemical facies from Piper trilinear diagram. Ca–Mg type and HCO3− type were the dominating cation and anion facies, respectively. Hydrogeochemistry reveals that the cation abundance follows the order Na+> Mg2+ > Ca2+ > K+ and anion abundance HCO3− > Cl− > NO3− > SO42− > F−. As per Gibb’s plot, chemical weathering of rock minerals is affecting the quality of groundwater. Overall, most of the samples for majority of parameters lie within the allowable limits as set by WHO (guideline for drinking water quality, fourth edn, WHO, Geneva, p 340, 2004) except nitrate, which varied in the range of 40.32–78.97 mg/l. 80% of the groundwater samples in which nitrate exceeded beyond acceptable limit (50 mg/l), as per WHO standard, which may be due to poor sewerage, human excreta leakage from septic tanks, poorly maintained disposal of solid waste locally, agricultural activities, wastewater irrigation and irrigation runoff. The Water quality index (WQI) value of the study region depicts that 93% samples lie in the category of excellent water and 7% in good water category. Good positive correlation of NO3–Cl (r = 0.60) and Na–NO3 (r = 0.55) signifies an anthropogenic input of these ions into the subsurface water of the study region. The various indices such as electrical conductivity (EC), salinity, percent sodium, sodium absorption ratio (SAR), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), permeability index (PI), Kelly’s ratio and magnesium ratio are used to check the fitness of ground water for irrigation uses which shows that groundwater samples of the study region is good to permissible for agricultural uses. © 2018, The Author(s).
Bioremediation: A sustainable approach for management of environmental contaminants
(Elsevier, 2019) Pardeep Singh; Vipin Kumar Singh; Rishikesh Singh; Anwesha Borthakur; Sughosh Madhav; Arif Ahamad; Ajay Kumar; Dan Bahadur Pal; Dhanesh Tiwary; P.K. Mishra
The release of various inorganic and organic chemicals from various industries such as petrochemicals, textiles, pharmaceuticals, agro-based industries, and tanneries is highly toxic to the environment and human health. Several processes and technologies such as physical, chemical, and advanced oxidation processes are available for treatment of these pollutants. However, these processes and technologies have their own limitations and the end products are also of toxic nature. Therefore, there is a need for identifying and exploring sustainable and eco-friendly methods which require a lesser amount of chemicals, are economically feasible, and produce nontoxic end products. The bioremediation approaches to clean up environmental pollutants are considered as emerging and sustainable methods recently. Bioremediation process is based on an integrated approach employing microbial communities such as actinomycetes, bacteria, fungi, and earthworms. It is considered as a sustainable process for management of organic pollutants-rich solid wastes and wastewater. Many microorganisms metabolize toxic chemicals to produce CO2 or CH4, water, and biomass. These pollutants may be enzymatically altered to metabolites that are less noxious or innocuous. Moreover, the solid residue generated in this process has been found to have a potential influence on soil macro- and micronutrients, indicating its application as organic manure. However, bioremediation technique required more research for its establishment at a larger scale with an emphasis on the environmental consequences of the end products. In this chapter, we have performed a literature survey based on biological methods for the management of organic pollutants. Microbes responsible for degradation processes have also been presented in the later part of the chapter. In this chapter, a thorough understanding of the bioremediation processes and methods applied for abatement and remediation of organic pollutants has been described in detail. © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Geochemical assessment of groundwater quality in Keonjhar City, Odisha, India
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2020) Sughosh Madhav; Ashutosh Kumar; Jyoti Kushawaha; Arif Ahamad; Pardeep Singh; S.B. Dwivedi
This study intended at the recognition of hydrogeochemical processes and groundwater excellence by applying different quality indices for intake and farming functions. Thirty groundwater samples were taken from the Keonjhar city, Odisha, and different hydrogeochemical parameters were analyzed to understand groundwater excellence. In the current work, cation chemistry shows the sequence of Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+ and anions chemistry HCO3−>Cl−>SO42−>NO3. Gibbs plot indicates that groundwater samples are found in rock dominance. Different ratios of the major ions indicate that silicate weathering and anthropogenic activities were the major sources of ions in the groundwater. Factor examination also validates that both natural and anthropogenic actions are contributing ion in the aquifer. Based on diverse indices used for agriculture purpose, the greater part of the groundwater in the investigative region is appropriate for farming function. Groundwater quality is a dynamic process and subject to seasonal and spatial changes, so continuous assessment and monitoring is required. This study provides the severity of NO3 contamination in the study area as 40% of samples show the values more than the permissible limit. So, proper remediation measures are required prior to consumption of groundwater. © 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
Plastic and Microplastic in the Environment: Management and Health Risks
(wiley, 2022) Arif Ahamad; Pardeep Singh; Dhanesh Tiwary
In Plastic and Microplastic in the Environment: Management and Health Risks, a team of distinguished environmental researchers delivers an up-to-date exploration of plastic and microplastic environmental contamination, conventional and advanced plastics management techniques, and the policies adopted across the globe to combat the phenomenon of plastics contamination. Containing a balanced focus on both conventional plastics and microplastics, this book discusses the potential health issues related to plastic and microplastic infiltration in a variety of global environments and environmental media, including freshwater environments, oceanic environments, soil and sediment, and air. Insightful treatments of commercial and social issues, including the roles of corporate social responsibility initiatives and general education in the fight against plastic and microplastic pollution, are provided as well. Plastic and Microplastic in the Environment also includes: A thorough introduction to plastic debris in global environments, including its accumulation and disintegration Comprehensive explorations of policies for strengthening recyclable markets around the world Practical discussions of the prevalence of microplastics in the marine environment, air, soil, and other environmental media In-depth examinations of wastewater treatment plants as a potential source point of microplastics, as well as conventional and advanced microplastic particle removal technologies Perfect for academics, postgraduates and advanced undergraduates in fields related to environmental science and plastics, Plastic and Microplastic in the Environment: Management and Health Risks will also earn a place in the libraries of professionals working in the plastics industries and environmental policymakers. © 2022 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. All rights reserved.
Waste Management and Resource Recycling in the Developing World
(Elsevier, 2023) Pardeep Singh; Pramit Verma; Rishikesh Singh; Arif Ahamad; André C.S. Batalhão
Waste Management and Resource Recycling in the Developing World provides a unique perspective on the state of waste management and resource recycling in the developing world, offering practical solutions based on innovative tools and technologies, along with examples and case studies. The book is organized by waste type, including electronic, industrial and biomedical/hazardous, with each section covering advanced techniques, such as remote sensing and GIS, as well as socioeconomic factors, transnational transport and policy implications. Waste managers, environmental scientists, sustainability practitioners, and engineers will find this a valuable resource for addressing the challenges of waste management in the developing world. There is high potential for waste management to produce energy and value-added products. Sustainable waste management based on a circular economy not only improves sanitation, it also provides economic and environmental benefits. In addition to waste minimization, waste-to-economy and waste-to-energy have become integral parts of waste management practices. A proper waste management strategy not only leads to reduction in environmental pollution but also moves toward generating sufficient energy for improving environmental sustainability in coming decades. © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.