Browsing by Author "Arif Ali Mandal"

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Anticancer Screening of Ru(II) Photoredox Catalysts at Single Cancer Cell Level
(John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2023) Zhongxian Fan; Jiaen Xie; Rajesh Kushwaha; Shaoxia Liang; Wenqing Li; Arif Ali Mandal; Li Wei; Samya Banerjee; Huaiyi Huang
The rapid efflux of Pt-based chemotherapeutics by cancer cells is one of the major causes of drug resistance in clinically available drugs. Therefore, both the high cellular uptake as well as adequate retention efficiency of an anticancer agent are important factors to overcome drug resistance. Unfortunately, rapid and efficient quantification of metallic drug concentration in individual cancer cells still remains a tricky problem. Herein, with the help of newly developed single cell inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SC-ICP-MS), we have found that the well-known Ru(II)-based complex, Ru3, displayed remarkable intracellular uptake and retention efficiency in every single cancer cell with high photocatalytic therapeutic activity to overcome cisplatin resistance. Moreover, Ru3 has shown sensational photocatalytic anticancer properties with excellent in-vitro and in-vivo biocompatibility under light exposure. © 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.
Ferrocene conjugated Os(ii) complex for photo-catalytic cancer therapy of triple-negative breast cancer cells
(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2025) Apurba Mandal; Virendra Pratap Singh; Silda Peters; Arif Ali Mandal; Tumpa Sadhukhan; Biplob Koch; Samya Banerjee
A novel ferrocene-conjugated bimetallic Os(ii) photocatalyst (OsFe) showed micromolar photocatalytic anticancer activity against triple-negative breast cancer cells via NADH oxidation and caspase 3 activation under visible light. © 2025 The Royal Society of Chemistry.
Green Light-Triggered Photocatalytic Anticancer Activity of Terpyridine-Based Ru(II) Photocatalysts
(American Chemical Society, 2024) Arif Ali Mandal; Virendra Singh; Sukanta Saha; Silda Peters; Tumpa Sadhukhan; Rajesh Kushwaha; Ashish Kumar Yadav; Apurba Mandal; Aarti Upadhyay; Arpan Bera; Arnab Dutta; Biplob Koch; Samya Banerjee
The relentless increase in drug resistance of platinum-based chemotherapeutics has opened the scope for other new cancer therapies with novel mechanisms of action (MoA). Recently, photocatalytic cancer therapy, an intrusive catalytic treatment, is receiving significant interest due to its multitargeting cell death mechanism with high selectivity. Here, we report the synthesis and characterization of three photoresponsive Ru(II) complexes, viz., [Ru(ph-tpy)(bpy)Cl]PF6 (Ru1), [Ru(ph-tpy)(phen)Cl]PF6 (Ru2), and [Ru(ph-tpy)(aip)Cl]PF6 (Ru3), where, ph-tpy = 4′-phenyl-2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine, bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine, phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, and aip = 2-(anthracen-9-yl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10] phenanthroline, showing photocatalytic anticancer activity. The X-ray crystal structures of Ru1 and Ru2 revealed a distorted octahedral geometry with a RuN5Cl core. The complexes showed an intense absorption band in the 440-600 nm range corresponding to the metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) that was further used to achieve the green light-induced photocatalytic anticancer effect. The mitochondria-targeting photostable complex Ru3 induced phototoxicity with IC50 and PI values of ca. 0.7 μM and 88, respectively, under white light irradiation and ca. 1.9 μM and 35 under green light irradiation against HeLa cells. The complexes (Ru1-Ru3) showed negligible dark cytotoxicity toward normal splenocytes (IC50s > 50 μM). The cell death mechanistic study revealed that Ru3 induced ROS-mediated apoptosis in HeLa cells via mitochondrial depolarization under white or green light exposure. Interestingly, Ru3 also acted as a highly potent catalyst for NADH photo-oxidation under green light. This NADH photo-oxidation process also contributed to the photocytotoxicity of the complexes. Overall, Ru3 presented multitargeting synergistic type I and type II photochemotherapeutic effects. © 2024 American Chemical Society.
Photodynamic Inactivation of Bacteria Using Nickel(II) Complexes with Catecholate and Phenanthroline Ligands
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2025) Raval Devraj Prakashchandra; Rohit Rai; Arif Ali Mandal; Prodyut Dhar; Samya Banerjee; Tukki Sarkar; Bathini Nagendra Babu
Metal complexes activated by light can combat infections by triggering the photodynamic inactivation of bacteria. Herein, we report six mixed-ligand nickel(II) complexes with the formulation [Ni(NN)2(L)] (1–6), where NN represents an N,N-donor phenanthroline ligand, specifically 1,10-phenanthroline (phen in 1, 2), dipyrido[3,2-d:2’,3’-f]quinoxaline (dpq in 3, 4), and dipyrido[3,2-a:2’,3’-c]phenazine (dppz in 5, 6), while L is an O,O donor bidentate ligand derived from catechol (cat2−, in 1, 3, 5) or esculetin (esc2−, in 2, 4, 6). The paramagnetic d8 octahedral complexes demonstrated good dark and photostability in the solution phase and exhibited significant light absorption in the visible (400–700 nm) region. When exposed to low-energy visible light, these complexes demonstrated significant photodynamic inactivation activity against both Gram-(+) Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Gram-(−) Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria. This resulted in minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 0.31–9.49 μM. The activity was caused by the cell-damaging singlet oxygen species produced by the complexes under light exposure. Notably, the complexes showed no bacterial inhibition activity under dark conditions. This study marks the first examples of Ni(II) complexes designed for light-triggered antibacterial activity, illuminating the path for Ni(II)-based non-macrocyclic complexes for antibacterial PDT applications. © 2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH.