Browsing by Author "Arpan Modi"

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Cyanobacterial genome editing toolboxes: recent advancement and future projections for basic and synthetic biology researches
(Elsevier, 2020) Sandeep Kumar Singh; Alok Kumar Shrivastava; Ajay Kumar; Vipin Kumar Singh; Deepanker Yadav; Arpan Modi; Wenjing Wang; Avinash Singh; Toolika Singh; Viji Sitther; Prashant Kumar Singh
Cyanobacteria are ancient photosynthetic prokaryotes and serve as a model organism for studies such as photosynthesis and earth elements cycling. Cyanobacteria also termed microbial cell factories, because of their ability to utilize carbon dioxide, as well as sunlight absorption in one way, act as primary producers of the aquatic ecosystem while on the other way the diazotrophic forms fix atmospheric nitrogen in paddy fields. Moreover, the successful invention of several fuels as well as fine chemicals from cyanobacteria is indicative of the advancement in synthetic cyanobacteriology in one hand while on the other knocking the door of the augmented application shortly. Unfortunately, the limited availability of genetic manipulation tools for either at single-gene level or pathway to the whole genome in cyanobacteria compared to other organisms handicaps the fundamental biology researches as well as further application and advancement in synthetic cyanobacteriology. However, the role of genetic tools in tuning gene expression, genome-wide manipulations, and carbon flux redirections is available in cyanobacteria. Furthermore, recently a noteworthy headway evolving to familiarizing novel and efficient genetic manipulations tools such as riboswitches, promoters, ribosome-binding site engineering, small RNA regulatory tools, genome-scale modeling strategies, and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-associated nuclease has revolutionized the cyanobacteriology. The present chapter disapprovingly recapitulates the recent advancement on the applications and development as well as technical limitations also for the future projections of the toolboxes for genetic manipulation of cyanobacterial genes/genomes. Besides this, the chapter also briefly discusses the toolkits feasible for large-scale cultivation of cyanobacteria. © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Cyanobacterial photosynthetic reaction center in wobbly light: Modulation of light energy by orange carotenoid proteins (OCPs)
(Elsevier, 2022) Rahul Prasad Singh; Sandeep Kumar Singh; Ajay Kumar; Arpan Modi; Avinash Chandra Rai; Sandip Ghuge; Anil Kumar; Mukesh Kumar Yadav; Punuri Jayasekhar Babu; Prashant Kumar Singh; Garima Singh; Kaushalendra; Naveen Chandra Joshi; Avinash Singh; Wenjing Wang
High irradiance and fluctuating light boons substantial risk to photosynthetic life forms by summoning responsive oxygen species (ROS). To bear the high irradiance level, plants, algae, and cyanobacteria have developed mechanisms to diminution the energy hitting at reaction centers to protect it from high irradiance by a photo-defensive system. In cyanobacteria, these photoprotection systems reduce the light energy arriving at the reaction centers by reducing photosynthesis and enhancing thermal energy dissipation at the level of the phycobilisome (PB), the extra-membranous light-harvesting antenna. Fluorescence recovery proteins (FRPs) and orange carotenoid proteins (OCPs) alluded to as essential elements for this mechanism by nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ). Initially, cyanobacteria were considered not to fit for performing NPQ, and the last shreds of evidence advocated NPQ as a crucial and primary photoprotective tool. OCP comprises two domains, (1) N-terminal domain (NTD) and (2) C-terminal domain (CTD), with a solitary carotenoid as a chromophore traversing evenly in the two areas. Blue-green or high irradiance light actuates the transformation of OCP from a dormant orange state (OCPO) to a dynamic red state (OCPR). Dynamic OCP (OCPR) ties to the center of the light-harvesting antenna complex, phycobilisomes (PBs), extinguishes fluorescence, and aids dispersal abundance energy’s nonradiative pathway. OCP-intervened photoprotection mechanism effectively managed by FRP by accelerating the OCP transformation of active OCP (OCPR) to the resting state (OCPO) under light-limiting conditions. However, numerous inquiries concerning the working of FRP have stayed dubious. This chapter summarizes the current information and comprehension of the FRP and OCP in cyanobacterial photoprotection and the possibilities of exploiting these systems for plant resilience to high irradiance. © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Endophytic microbe approaches in bioremediation of organic pollutants
(Elsevier, 2019) Akanksha Gupta; Sandeep Kumar Singh; Vipin Kumar Singh; Manoj Kumar Singh; Arpan Modi; V. Yeka Zhimo; Anand Vikram Singh; Ajay Kumar
Currently, pollution caused by organic contaminants is a global problem and there is an urgent need to explore new green and sustainable methods for the remediation of environmental pollutants. In this aspect, bioremediation technology has been considered as one of the most effective, low cost, and sustainable approach for the management of environmental pollutants of organic origin. From last few decades utilization or inoculation of endophytic microbial strains for the remediation of organic pollutants had been carried out in a regular manner for the management of various contaminants such as pesticides, herbicides, hydrocarbons, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, petroleum products, oil spill, etc. During the long course of host plant and endophyte relationship at the polluted site, microbial endophytes not only help in mobilization of contaminants but also help in plant growth promotion as well as tolerance development against various biotic and abiotic stresses. The in-depth understanding of plant and endophyte association would help remediate the contaminated sites in an effective manner. © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Impacts of agrochemicals on soil microbiology and food quality
(Elsevier, 2020) Divya Singh; Sandeep Kumar Singh; Arpan Modi; Prashant Kumar Singh; V. Yeka Zhimo; Ajay Kumar
Currently, more than thousands of agrochemicals or pesticides have been applied in agriculture at the different phases of growth at the start of germination to the fruiting stages of crops, vegetables, or fruits. Pesticides applied in agriculture have a different role such as to meet the requirements of nutrients in soils, or to check the growth of phytopathogens, or to control plant diseases. But the continuous application of chemical fertilizers or pesticides in agricultural land severally affect the texture, productivity of both plant and soil, native microflora of the soil, or the surrounding environments. After the application of pesticides on fruits, vegetables, and crops, some extent of these pesticides get deposited on different parts of fruits and crops as chemical resides. The consumption of these pesticide residues shows mutagenic, carcinogenic, cytotoxic, genotoxic, and also a range of health-related issues in human beings. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Microbial antagonists in postharvest management of fruit
(Elsevier, 2021) Sandeep Kumar Singh; Vipin Kumar Singh; Prashant Kumar Singh; Arpan Modi; Ajay Kumar
Currently postharvest loss of food commodities is a global challenge and it has been estimated that nearly 30%-50% of the fresh products were lost during the postharvest storage due to pathogenic attack, improper storage, transportation, or packaging. The pathogenic attack during postharvest storage is considered as the prime factor for postharvest loss. Conventionally, breeders frequently utilized chemical pesticides or fungicides to manage pathogenic attack and enhance the shelf life of food products. However, inappropriate and continuous use of chemical pesticides lead to adverse impacts such as chemical residue, low-quality product, and environmental contaminants, or phytopathogens resistance. Thus, there is a need to search for an alternative, that must be eco-friendly, cost-effective, and free from chemical residue. The microbial antagonism is an emerging approach and is broadly utilized in managing the growth of pathogens during pre- or postharvest storage. This chapter summarizes the latest approach and mode of action of microbial antagonists in managing the pathogens of fresh products during postharvest storage. © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Microbial biosurfactant: A new frontier for sustainable agriculture and pharmaceutical industries
(MDPI, 2021) Ajay Kumar; Sandeep Kumar Singh; Chandra Kant; Hariom Verma; Dharmendra Kumar; Prem Pratap Singh; Arpan Modi; Samir Droby; Mahipal Singh Kesawat; Hemasundar Alavilli; Shashi Kant Bhatia; Ganesh Dattatraya Saratale; Rijuta Ganesh Saratale; Sang-Min Chung; Manu Kumar
In the current scenario of changing climatic conditions and the rising global population, there is an urgent need to explore novel, efficient, and economical natural products for the benefit of humankind. Biosurfactants are one of the latest explored microbial synthesized biomolecules that have been used in numerous fields, including agriculture, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, food processing, and environment-cleaning industries, as a source of raw materials, for the lubrication, wetting, foaming, emulsions formulations, and as stabilizing dispersions. The amphiphilic nature of biosurfactants have shown to be a great advantage, distributing themselves into two immiscible surfaces by reducing the interfacial surface tension and increasing the solubility of hydrophobic compounds. Furthermore, their eco-friendly nature, low or even no toxic nature, durability at higher temperatures, and ability to withstand a wide range of pH fluctuations make microbial surfactants preferable compared to their chemical counterparts. Additionally, biosurfactants can obviate the oxidation flow by eliciting antioxidant properties, antimicrobial and anticancer activities, and drug delivery systems, further broadening their applicability in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Nowadays, biosurfactants have been broadly utilized to improve the soil quality by improving the concentration of trace elements and have either been mixed with pesticides or applied singly on the plant surfaces for plant disease management. In the present review, we summarize the latest research on microbial synthesized biosurfactant compounds, the limiting factors of biosurfactant production, their application in improving soil quality and plant disease management, and their use as antioxidant or antimicrobial compounds in the pharmaceutical industries. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Microbial enzymes and their exploitation in remediation of environmental contaminants
(Elsevier, 2020) Sandeep Kumar Singh; Manoj Kumar Singh; Vipin Kumar Singh; Arpan Modi; Pooja Jaiswal; Kumari Rashmi; Ajay Kumar
Currently, a diverse range of microbes and their products have been utilized in bioremediation for the management of rising environmental contaminants. These beneficial microbes include bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi, cyanobacteria, and it appears as cost-effective and sustainable approach of bioremediation. In the recent past, utilization of microbial enzymes appears as one of the alternative and effective approaches in biodegradation for various complex and toxic environmental contaminants. The enzymes synthesized by various microbial genera of bacteria actinomycetes, fungi, cyanobacteria have been applied on both organic and inorganic contaminants and effectively degrade or detoxify these contaminants. Some of the common enzymes such as hydrolases, oxidoreductases, oxygenase, peroxidases, and these enzymes have been broadly utilized for pollutants degradation. The use of microbial enzymes in bioremediation appears beneficial in terms of whole microbial cells utilization as well as their possible modification via the latest omics and technology for better effectivity and efficiency. © 2021 Elsevier Inc.
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and their functional role in salinity stress management
(Elsevier, 2019) Akanksha Gupta; Sandeep Kumar Singh; Manoj Kumar Singh; Vipin Kumar Singh; Arpan Modi; Prashant Kumar Singh; Ajay Kumar
Currently the growing human population of the world is facing the challenge of low crop production. Changing climatic conditions and the adverse impact of biotic and abiotic stresses limit the growth and yield of crop production. Currently, a range of abiotic stresses including salinity, draught, heat, cold, accumulation of heavy metals, and xenobiotics not only affect the agricultural productivity but also the heath of human. Salinity is one of the severe stresses that limit the crop production, continuously increasing by an area throughout the world. Salinity largely influenced the root systems, physiology, and external morphology of the plant system. Salinity affects the productivity of the plants by generating reactive oxygen species that works as a signal of stress. For combating the salt stress conditions with the aim of sustainable development, recently, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are used as promising agents to promote the growth, biocontrol, and in the management of biotic and abiotic stresses in the plants. In this chapter, we focused on the salinity stress and the management strategies used by PGPR. © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.