Browsing by Author "Arpana Yadava"

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Evolutionary mechanism for biosynthesis of diverse molecules
(Elsevier Science Ltd., 2020) Akhileshwar Kumar Srivastava; Arpana Yadava; Divya Singh
Evolution alters in gene sequence and/or genetic construction that change in mechanisms for biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Plants synthesize a different array of lineage-specific specialized (secondary) metabolites for the fitness of the plants as defense against herbivores and microbes and also as signal factors to entice pollinators and fruit dispersers. The evolution of secondary metabolites also depends on alteration in the enzymatic manipulation of primary precursors. Plant metabolites play a vital role in plant adaptation, in human nutrition and medicine. The diversification of plant metabolic enzymes and primary metabolism evolves potential compounds for cellular homeostasis in selection pressure that is usually supposed to be conserved over the plant kingdom. The enormous changes in chemical diversity of secondary metabolites are occurred during evolution, which play vital role in treatment of severe diseases including cancer. This chapter explains the evolution of secondary metabolites through various evolutionary events occurring in plant system. © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Molecular fossils “pseudogenes” as functional signature in biological system
(Genetics Society of Korea, 2020) Rajesh Kumar Singh; Divya Singh; Arpana Yadava; Akhileshwar Kumar Srivastava
Pseudogenes have been known as non-functional molecular relics developed from inactivated genomic mutations while evolution. However, they have a various function at distinct molecular stages (DNA, RNA and protein) in different biological events including in cancer and associated with parental-gene-dependently and parental-gene independently. The interactions of pseudogenes with ancestor genes or other genes alter in their sequences and transcriptional processes. Pseudogene of RNA sequences have multiple functions in post-transcriptional activities as antisense RNAs, endogenous small-interference RNAs, and competing endogenous RNAs. Moreover, it also plays vital roles in controlling of its parent genes and other pseudogenes transcribing into RNA. Pseudogene transcripts make small interfering RNA or decline cellular miRNA level. The current review focuses on pseudogene functional signature in human genome by regulating the gene expression. © 2020, The Genetics Society of Korea.