Browsing by Author "Arun Kumar"

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A 4-valued logic for double Stone algebras
(Elsevier Inc., 2025) Arun Kumar; Neha Gaur; Bisham Dewan
This paper investigates the logical structure of the 4-element chain considered as a double Stone algebra. It has been shown that any element of a double Stone algebra can be identified as monotone ordered triplet of sets. As a consequence, we obtain the 4-valued semantics for the logic LD of double Stone algebras. Furthermore, the rough set semantics of the logic LD is provided by dividing the boundary region (uncertainty) into two disjoint subregions. © 2024 Elsevier Inc.
A categorical analysis of compatibility frames
(Oxford University Press, 2025) Arun Kumar; Neha Gaur; Bisham Dewan
Negations as modal operators have been well investigated in the literature. There are various ways of providing semantics of negations in non-classical logic. Dunn has introduced semantics of negation in compatibility frames. In this work, we study the categories of compatibility frames and Ki algebras—the algebraic semantics of minimal logic Ki. We establish categorical duality between Ki algebras and descriptive general compatibility frames. Thereafter we introduce frames dual to De Morgan algebras and pseudocomplemented lattices in our framework. Correspondence of these frames with the existing frames in the literature, which are dual to these algebras, is also investigated. It is further extended to dualities between various subcategories of Ki algebras and corresponding frames. Finally, it is shown that the duality generalizes to Stone’s duality in the case of ortho frames. © The Author(s) 2025. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.
A Comprehensive Study of Bifurcations in an Interactive Population Model with Food-Limited Growth
(Springer, 2024) R.P. Gupta; Shristi Tiwari; Arun Kumar
In a two-dimensional prey–predator model with a Holling type-II functional response and a food-limited prey growth rate, this study explores the consequences of predator harvesting. There are utmost three coexisting equilibrium points in the system. It has been shown that the prey population’s half-saturation constant has a significant role in boosting the complicated bifurcation structure. To do this, we thoroughly examine the suggested system for codimension-1 bifurcations, including Hopf and saddle-node bifurcations. Calculating the conditions of Sotomayor’s theorem the presence of saddle-node bifurcation is ensured and the signs of first Lyapunov number are computed for the stability of periodic solutions via Hopf bifurcation. With the implementation of saddle-node bifurcation, an unforeseen scenario of species extinction is carried out in the case of three interior equilibria with respect to the half-saturation constant, which gives results apart from the traditional one. Additionally, we executed the continuation of codimension-1 bifurcations for the emergence of codimension-2 bifurcations like generalized-Hopf, cusp, and Bogdanov–Takens bifurcations to understand the role of harvesting the predator population. The work becomes more appealing because it displays topologically different phase diagrams for suitable parameters. Ecologically, the generalized-Hopf bifurcation shows that the system’s behavior is quite sensitive to the prey saturation constant and predator harvesting. In addition, we compare the results of proposed system with the model for a saturated harvesting and linear functional response. Extensive numerical simulations are performed to validate the conclusions for stability and bifurcations. © 2024, Foundation for Scientific Research and Technological Innovation.
A Comprehensive Study of Bifurcations in an Interactive Population Model with Food-Limited Growth
(Springer, 2025) Ravi P. Gupta; Shristi Tiwari; Arun Kumar
In a two-dimensional prey–predator model with a Holling type-II functional response and a food-limited prey growth rate, this study explores the consequences of predator harvesting. There are utmost three coexisting equilibrium points in the system. It has been shown that the prey population’s half-saturation constant has a significant role in boosting the complicated bifurcation structure. To do this, we thoroughly examine the suggested system for codimension-1 bifurcations, including Hopf and saddle-node bifurcations. Calculating the conditions of Sotomayor’s theorem the presence of saddle-node bifurcation is ensured and the signs of first Lyapunov number are computed for the stability of periodic solutions via Hopf bifurcation. With the implementation of saddle-node bifurcation, an unforeseen scenario of species extinction is carried out in the case of three interior equilibria with respect to the half-saturation constant, which gives results apart from the traditional one. Additionally, we executed the continuation of codimension-1 bifurcations for the emergence of codimension-2 bifurcations like generalized-Hopf, cusp, and Bogdanov–Takens bifurcations to understand the role of harvesting the predator population. The work becomes more appealing because it displays topologically different phase diagrams for suitable parameters. Ecologically, the generalized-Hopf bifurcation shows that the system’s behavior is quite sensitive to the prey saturation constant and predator harvesting. In addition, we compare the results of proposed system with the model for a saturated harvesting and linear functional response. Extensive numerical simulations are performed to validate the conclusions for stability and bifurcations. © Foundation for Scientific Research and Technological Innovation 2024.
A Nonlinear Cross-Diffusion Model for Disease Spread: Turing Instability and Pattern Formation
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2025) Ravi P. Gupta; Arun Kumar; Shristi Tiwari
In this article, we propose a novel nonlinear cross-diffusion framework to model the distribution of susceptible and infected individuals within their habitat using a reduced SIR model that incorporates saturated incidence and treatment rates. The study investigates solution boundedness through the theory of parabolic partial differential equations, thereby validating the proposed spatio-temporal model. Through the implementation of the suggested cross-diffusion mechanism, the model reveals at least one non-constant positive equilibrium state within the susceptible–infected (SI) system. This work demonstrates the potential coexistence of susceptible and infected populations through cross-diffusion and unveils Turing instability within the system. By analyzing codimension-2 Turing–Hopf bifurcation, the study identifies the Turing space within the spatial context. In addition, we explore the results for Turing–Bogdanov–Takens bifurcation. To account for seasonal disease variations, novel perturbations are introduced. Comprehensive numerical simulations illustrate diverse emerging patterns in the Turing space, including holes, strips, and their mixtures. Additionally, the study identifies non-Turing and Turing–Bogdanov–Takens patterns for specific parameter selections. Spatial series and surfaces are graphed to enhance the clarity of the pattern results. This research provides theoretical insights into the implications of cross-diffusion in epidemic modeling, particularly in contexts characterized by localized mobility, clinically evident infections, and community-driven isolation behaviors. © 2025 by the authors.
A semantic analysis of stone and dual stone negations with regularity
(Springer Verlag, 2017) Arun Kumar; Mohua Banerjee
This article investigates whether a few well-known ‘negation’ operators may be termed as negations, using Dunn’s approach. The semantics of the Stone negation is investigated in perp frames, that of dual Stone negation in exhaustive frames, and that of Stone and dual Stone negations with the regularity property, in K_ frames. The study leads to new semantics for the logics corresponding to the classes of Stone algebras, dual Stone algebras and regular double Stone algebras. © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany 2017.
A Study of Algebras and Logics of Rough Sets Based on Classical and Generalized Approximation Spaces
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2020) Arun Kumar
The seminal work of Z. Pawlak [60] on rough set theory has attracted the attention of researchers from various disciplines. Algebraists introduced some new algebraic structures and represented some old existing algebraic structures in terms of algebras formed by rough sets. In Logic, the rough set theory serves the models of several logics. This paper is an amalgamation of algebras and logics of rough set theory. We prove a structural theorem for Kleene algebras, showing that an element of a Kleene algebra can be looked upon as a rough set in some appropriate approximation space. The proposed propositional logic LK of Kleene algebras is sound and complete with respect to a 3-valued and a rough set semantics. This article also investigates some negation operators in classical rough set theory, using Dunn’s approach. We investigate the semantics of the Stone negation in perp frames, that of dual Stone negation in exhaustive frames, and that of Stone and dual Stone negations with the regularity property in K- frames. The study leads to new semantics for the logics corresponding to the classes of Stone algebras, dual Stone algebras, and regular double Stone algebras. As the perp semantics provides a Kripke type semantics for logics with negations, exploiting this feature, we obtain duality results for several classes of algebras and corresponding frames. In another part of this article, we propose a granule-based generalization of rough set theory. We obtain representations of distributive lattices (with operators) and Heyting algebras (with operators). Moreover, various negations appear from this generalized rough set theory and achieved new positions in Dunn’s Kite of negations. © 2020, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
An overview on emerging and innovative technologies for regulating arsenic toxicity in plants
(wiley, 2022) Arun Kumar; Pradeep Kumar Yadav; Anita Singh
Arsenic (As) is counted among the major metalloid elements that can cause cancer in human beings along with other harmful consequences. It occurs in several chemical forms such as arsenate [As (V)], arsenite [As (III)], and methylated As (monomethyl As acid [MMA], and dimethyl As acid [DMA]). There are natural as well as anthropogenic sources of As that affect each environmental component including the plant system. Among all forms, As (V) holds for the most dominant phytoavailable form of As present, particularly in aerobic soils. In plants, its uptake is known to occur by the high-affinity phosphate uptake system owing to its analogous nature to that of phosphate. The accumulation of As leads to several adverse effects on plant physiological processes that consequently reduce the yield of plants. Therefore, there is utmost need for affordable and efficient technologies to control the negative impacts of As contamination. These technologies can manage to reduce its availability and toxicity in plants, which further reduce the risk to human health. The present chapter includes the uptake process of As by the plants and its toxic response. It is mainly focused on the different remediation approaches for the reduction of As toxicity in the plants. Through the administration of signaling molecules, phytohormones along with some new technologies like the use of nanoparticles (NPs) and genetic manipulation, the level of toxicity can be reduced in the As-contaminated plants. Among all the techniques, the most efficient and sustainable techniques should be promoted with further research progress. © 2023 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
An overview on the modulation of pesticide detoxification mechanism via salicylic acid in the plants
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2023) Arun Kumar; Pradeep Kumar Yadav; Shikha Singh; Anita Singh
The continuous application of pesticides leads to several harmful effects on the ecosystem and get accumulated in the food chain. To regulate the toxicity of pesticides there are several strategies available. In relation to this, the endogenous as well as exogenous role of salicylic acid in pesticide regulation is less overviewed. To regulate the pesticide stress, in presence of salicylic acid, the genes, and proteins related to reduced glutathione (GSH) metabolism, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, glyoxylate, and dicarboxylate metabolism get upregulated and are found to be more differentially expressed for pesticide detoxification. Salicylic acid regulates pesticide toxicity by activating gene expression of P450, antioxidant enzymes, ABC transporters subfamilies to form a defense network. In this context, the present review tries to comprehend the pesticide detoxification processes involving salicylic acid to regulate the stress caused thereby in plants and further utilize this strategy for wider application. © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
Anastrozole-mediated modulation of mitochondrial activity by inhibition of mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening: an initial perspective
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2023) Somesh Kumar; Neha Choudhary; Mohammed Faruq; Arun Kumar; Ravindra K. Saran; Prem Kumar Indercanti; Vikram Singh; Haseena Sait; Sunita Jaitley; Martin Valis; Kamil Kuca; Sunil K. Polipalli; Manoj Kumar; Tejveer Singh; Prashanth Suravajhala; Rohit Sharma; Seema Kapoor
The mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mtPTP) plays a vital role in altering the structure and function of mitochondria. Cyclophilin D (CypD) is a mitochondrial protein that regulates mtPTP function and a known drug target for therapeutic studies involving mitochondria. While the effect of aromatase inhibition on the mtPTP has been studied previously, the effect of anastrozole on the mtPTP has not been completely elucidated. The role of anastrozole in modulating the mtPTP was evaluated by docking, molecular dynamics and network-guided studies using human CypD data. The peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with mitochondrial disorders and healthy controls were treated with anastrozole and evaluated for mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mtPTP) function and apoptosis using a flow cytometer. Spectrophotometry was employed for estimating total ATP levels. The anastrozole–CypD complex is more stable than cyclosporin A (CsA)–CypD. Anastrozole performed better than cyclosporine in inhibiting mtPTP. Additional effects included inducing mitochondrial membrane depolarization and a reduction in mitochondrial swelling and superoxide generation, intrinsic caspase-3 activity and cellular apoptosis, along with an increase in ATP levels. Anastrozole may serve as a potential therapeutic agent for mitochondrial disorders and ameliorate the clinical phenotype by regulating the activity of mtPTP. However, further studies are required to substantiate our preliminary findings. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma. © 2023 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
Atmospheric Fine and Coarse Mode Aerosols at Different Environments of India and the Bay of Bengal During Winter-2014: Implications of a Coordinated Campaign
(Springer India, 2014) A. Sen; Y. Nazeer Ahammed; B.C. Arya; Tirthankar Banerjee; G. Reshma Begam; B.P. Baruah; A. Chatterjee; Anil K. Choudhuri; Amit Dhir; Trupti Das; Pitamber Prasad Dhyani; N.C. Deb; Ranu Gadi; Mangesh Gauns; Sanjay Kumar Ghosh; Abhishek Gupta; K.C. Sharma; A.H. Khan; K. Maharaj Kumari; Manish Kumar; Arun Kumar; Jagdish Chandra Kuniyal; Anita Lakhani; R.K. Meena; P.S. Mahapatra; S.W.A. Naqvi; Dharam Pal Singh; S. Pal; Sipra Panda; Rohtash; J. Saikia; P. Saikia; A. Sharma; Priyanka Sharma; M. Saxena; D.M. Shenoy; C. Viswanatha Vachaspati; S.K. Sharma; T.K. Mandal
In this paper, we present mass concentrations of particulate matter [PM2.5, PM10 size fractions and total suspended particulates (TSP)] measured simultaneously over land stations (Kullu, Patiala, Delhi, Ajmer, Agra, Lucknow, Varanasi, Giridih, Kolkata, Darjeeling, Jorhat, Itanagar, Imphal, Bhubaneswar, and Kadapa), mostly distributed across the Indo-Gangetic plain (IGP) of India as well as in the marine atmosphere over Bay of Bengal (BoB) in the period from 20 January to 3 February, 2014. The main objective of this study was to quantify the continental outflow of particulates (PM2.5, PM10 and TSP) from IGP and associated regions into the BoB along with low level north-east wind flow during winter monsoon period. The present study provides a glimpse of the aerosol loading over the IGP region. During this campaign, the highest average PM2.5 (187.8 ± 36.5 µg m−3, range 125.6–256.2 µg m−3), PM10 (272.6 ± 102.9 µg m−3, range 147.6–520.1 µg m−3) and TSP (325.0 ± 71.5 µg m−3, range 220.4–536.6 µg m−3) mass concentrations were recorded at Varanasi, Kolkata and Lucknow over middle and lower IGP regions. The PM2.5 (average 41.3 ± 11.9 µg m−3; range 15.0–54.4 µg m−3), PM10 (average 53.9 ± 18.9 µg m−3; range 30.1–82.1 µg m−3) and TSP (average 78.8 ± 29.7 µg m−3; range 49.1–184.5 µg m−3) loading over BoB were found to be comparable to land stations and suggests possible continental outflow. Over the continental region, the highest PM2.5/PM10 ratio was recorded at Delhi (0.87). The PM2.5/PM10 ratio over BoB (0.77) was found to be quite high and comparable to Varanasi (0.80) and Agra (0.79). © 2014, Metrology Society of India.
Bioinspired quantum dots for cancer therapy: A mini-review
(Elsevier B.V., 2022) Arun Kumar; Kshitij RB Singh; Manjunath D. Ghate; H. Lalhlenmawia; Deepak Kumar; Jay Singh
The global burden of cancer increases with the passing year and is becoming the primary cause of death globally. Chemotherapy plays an important role but produces side effects, natural compounds seem to be an option with fewer side effects, but their bioavailability remains a concern. Bioinspired Quantum dots (QDs) from plant sources show promising drug delivery and anti-cancer potential with low toxicity. QDs are well known for their optical activity and find their use in various applications and can be used explicitly for bio-imaging and drug delivery in cancer therapy. Further, bioinspired QDs as an anti-cancer drug delivery system is less explored. Thus, this featured article aims to conclude the recent advances in the use of bioinspired QDs for drug delivery in cancer therapy. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.
Combined Application of Azolla and Inorganic Potassium Fertilizer Influence the Growth, Yield and Storability of Onion in Alluvial Soil
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2023) Arun Kumar Jha; Mukta Rani; Rajeev Padbhushan; Arun Kumar; Randhir Kumar
Azolla (Azolla pinnata R. Br.) is an aquatic fern that supplies potassium (K) and other plant nutrients with their use and organic matter after decomposition in the soil to improve soil quality. Alluvial soils are deficient in available K due to intensive cropping systems, the use of high-yield varieties (HYVs), and improper fertilizer application. With high demand for K fertilizers and complete dependence on imports in India have affected its availability and cost. Azolla can be an alternative option for a source of K nutrients. Keeping this fact in view, the present study was formulated to understand the effect of K applied through Azolla and inorganic K fertilizer on the growth, yield, and storability of onion (Allium cepa L.). An incubation study was carried out to examine the K dynamics as influenced by levels and sources of K. Results showed that the use of Azolla along with mineral K fertilizer (NPK1/2 + K1/2 through mulching of Azolla and NP+ K1/2 through green manuring (GM) of Azolla + K1/2 through mulching of Azolla) has increased the water-soluble K (WS-K) and available K (Av-K) from 0 to 35 days of incubation (DI) and further decreased thereafter up to 105 DI. Azolla-based K application showed the availability of more K in the soil throughout the incubation period as compared to inorganic sources alone. The highest exchangeable K (Ex-K) was recorded in soil treated with Azolla similar to WS-K and Av-K. A field experiment was also conducted on the onion crop at the Bihar Agricultural College research farm, Sabour. The findings suggest that the maximum bulb weight (32.8 g bulb−1) and bulb yield (12.5 t ha−1) were recorded in the treatment NPK+ K1/2 through mulching of Azolla in two splits increased by 33% and 43%, respectively. Treatments applied with the full dose of recommended inorganic K alone resulted in 14% less bulb yield than the treatment combined with the full dose of recommended mineral K through inorganic fertilizer and half dose of recommended K supplied through Azolla mulching. The results also indicated that Azolla-based K application resulted in higher nutrient uptake, soil available nutrient status, and better storability in onion than conventional mineral K fertilization. Overall, the study concludes that Azolla may maintain K availability by increasing the amount of Ex-K and ensuring constant availability of the nutrient during the entire growth period. © 2023 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Current insights into epigenetics, noncoding RNA interactome and clinical pharmacokinetics of dietary polyphenols in cancer chemoprevention
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2023) Deepa Shah; Manav Gandhi; Arun Kumar; Natália Cruz-Martins; Rohit Sharma; Sujit Nair
Several studies have reported the health-beneficial effects of dietary phytochemicals, namely polyphenols, to prevent various diseases, including cancer. Polyphenols, like (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) from green tea, curcumin from turmeric, and ellagic acid from pomegranate are known to act by modulating antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and apoptotic signal transduction pathways in the tumor milieu. The evolving literature underscores the role of epigenetic regulation of genes associated with cancer by these polyphenols, primarily via non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as microRNAs (miRNA) and long noncoding RNA (lncRNA). However, there is little clarity on the exact role(s) played by these ncRNAs and their interactions with other ncRNAs, or with their protein targets, in response to modulation by these dietary polyphenols. Here, we review ncRNA interactions and functional networks of the complex ncRNA interactome with their targets in preclinical studies along with the role of epigenetics as well as key aspects of pharmacokinetics and phytochemistry of dietary polyphenols. We also summarize the current state of clinical trials with these dietary polyphenols. Taken together, this synthetic review provides insights into the molecular aspects underlying the anticancer chemopreventive effects of dietary polyphenols as well as summarizes data on novel biomarkers modulated by these polyphenols for preventive or therapeutic purposes in various types of cancer. © 2021 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Deciphering the impact and mechanism of Trikatu, a spices-based formulation on alcoholic liver disease employing network pharmacology analysis and in vivo validation
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2022) Ruchi Sharma; Mangala Jadhav; Neha Choudhary; Arun Kumar; Abdur Rauf; Rohit Gundamaraju; Abdullah F. AlAsmari; Nemat Ali; Rajeev K. Singla; Rohit Sharma; Bairong Shen
Trikatu Churna (TC) comprising Zingiber officinale rhizome, Piper longum, and Piper nigrum fruit, is effective in treating liver diseases and has high nutraceutical values. However, the efficacy of TC in treating alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and its mechanism remain largely unknown. This study evaluated the hepatoprotective effects of different doses of TC as well as to identify the bioactive components and determine their mechanism of action against ethanol-induced ALD. A compound-target network analysis model of TC was established to identify its potential bioactive compounds and pathways that might regulate its hepatoprotective effects. Further, in-vivo studies were performed to validate the potential of TC (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg b.w.) in the treatment and management of ALD. The study revealed that both the dosages of TC demonstrate significant (p > 0.0001) hepatoprotective effects by improving body weight, total bilirubin, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), serum alkaline phosphate (ALP), total cholesterol, total protein, globulin, albumin, and liver morphology. The High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprinting of TC showed the presence of piperine. Network pharmacology identifies the role of TC in regulating various signaling processes including Advanced glycation end products-receptor for advanced glycation end products (AGE-RAGE), Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF-1), Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-Kappa B), and Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) signaling to exert its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-apoptotic role in managing ALD. Based on the bioinformatics analysis, some of the key targets of TC were found to be Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthase 2 (PTGS2) or Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), Sirtuin 1 (SRT1), and caspase-3. These effects may serve as a novel therapeutic option for the treatment of ALD. These preclinical validation studies for the ethnopharmacological potential of TC in ALD treatment further paved the way for researchers to perform next-level translational and clinical studies. Further, in-depth experimental studies for the validation of these bioinformatics-based results will give a clearer picture of mechanisms. Copyright © 2022 Sharma, Jadhav, Choudhary, Kumar, Rauf, Gundamaraju, AlAsmari, Ali, Singla, Sharma and Shen.
Development of colloidal Gold nanoparticle based lateral-flow assay for rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 showing enhanced sensitivity and specificity
(Open Science Publishers LLP Inc., 2023) Suresh Singh; Tapan Singha; Rajat Maheshwari; Pankaj Yadav; Arun Kumar; Harendra Bhoj; Bharti Sharma; Amit Verma; Amit Gupta; Harsh Singh; Sonal Mishra; Rajeshwar Sinha
To stop the spread of COVID-19 in this outbreak, diagnostic testing is essential. Quick diagnostic tests must be employed in this pandemic, which is brought on by the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2 virus, to successfully treat and manage COVID-19. There are several problems with the present RT-PCR system that the lateral flow assay (LFA), a kind of clinically sensitive diagnostic test, may be able to fix, especially in low-and middle-income nations. Gold nanoparticle-(AuNP-LFA) is a practical method for detecting COVID-19 in basic hospitals and laboratories, particularly in emergency situations where many samples must be quickly examined. Safe, accurate, and non-toxic diagnostic tests must be employed during the pandemic, to successfully treat and manage COVID-19. Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid monoclonal antibody was employed to detect COVID-19 antigens in the presence of patients to establish a fast LFA for COVID-19. Synthesis of colloidal gold particles and antibody colloidal gold conjugates was evaluated by using UV/Vis spectroscopy. A capture line made of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody was coated on nitrocellulose membrane. To create the control line, goat anti-mouse IgG monoclonal antibody was coated. On a polystyrene backing board, the immunochromatographic strip was constructed in the ideal order. Using ELISA as the standard procedure, the strips’ sensitivity and specificity were assessed. The results’ stability and repeatability were evaluated over a 9-month period. Colloidal gold nanoparticle-based LFAs created in this study can be employed for quicker and more accurate detection of SARS-CoV-2. © 2023 Singh, et al.
Dual-Baseline Search for Active-to-Sterile Neutrino Oscillations in NOvA
(American Physical Society, 2025) M. A. Acero; Bobby S. Acharya; P. Adamson; Nikolay V. Anfimov; A. I. Antoshkin; E. Arrieta-Diaz; Lily Asquith; Adam J. Aurisano; Ashley R. Back; N. A. Balashov; Pierre F. Baldi; Bindu A. Bambah; E. F. Bannister; A. Barros; Ayse Bat; Kirk Bays; Robert H. Bernstein; T. J.C. Bezerra; Vipin Bhatnagar; D. Bhattarai; Bipul Bhuyan; Jianming Bian; Alexander C. Booth; Reed Bowles; Barnali Brahma; C. Bromberg; Norm J. Buchanan; A. V. Butkevich; Steven Calvez; Thomas Joseph Carroll; E. Catano-Mur; John P. Cesar; Akshay Chatla; R. Chirco; Brajesh Chandra Choudhary; A. Christensen; M. F. Cicala; Thomas E. Coan; A. Cooleybeck; Camilo Cortes-Parra; D. Coveyou; Linda Cremonesi; Gavin S. Davies; Paul F. Derwent; Pengfei Ding; Zelimir Djurčić; K. Dobbs; M. Dolce; D. Doyle; D. Dueñas Tonguino; Edmond Craig Dukes; A. Dye; Ralf Ehrlich; E. Ewart; Peter Filip; Martin J. Frank; Hugh R. Gallagher; Feng Gao; Anjan Kumar Giri; Ricardo Avelino Gomes; Maury C. Goodman; Micah Groh; Robert Craig Group; Alec T. Habig; František Hakl; J. Hartnell; Robert Hatcher; Harry Hausner; Miao He; Kenneth J. Heller; V. Hewes; Alexander I. Himmel; Tyler Horoho; A. D. Ivanova; Benjamin Jargowsky; J. Jarosz; M. Judah; I. D. Kakorin; Anastasiia I. Kalitkina; Daniel M. Kapĺan; B. Kirezli-Ozdemir; J. D. Kleykamp; O. L. Klimov; L. W. Koerner; Liudmila D. Kolupaeva; R. Kralik; Arun Kumar; Václav Kůs; T. Lackey; Karol Lang; J. Lesmeister; A. Lister; Jiayi Liu; J. A. Lock; Miloš V. Lokajíček; M. MacMahon; Stephen R. Magill; W. Anthony Mann; Manosh T. Manoharan; M. Manrique Plata
We report a search for neutrino oscillations to sterile neutrinos under a model with three active and one sterile neutrinos (3+1 model). This analysis uses the NOvA detectors exposed to the NuMI beam, running in neutrino mode. The data exposure, 13.6×1020 protons on target, doubles that previously analyzed by NOvA, and the analysis is the first to use νμ charged-current interactions in conjunction with neutral-current interactions. Neutrino samples in the near and far detectors are fitted simultaneously, enabling the search to be carried out over a Δm412 range extending 2 (3) orders of magnitude above (below) 1 eV2. NOvA finds no evidence for active-to-sterile neutrino oscillations under the 3+1 model at 90% confidence level. New limits are reported in multiple regions of parameter space, excluding some regions currently allowed by IceCube at 90% confidence level. We additionally set the most stringent limits for anomalous ντ appearance for Δm412≤3 eV2. © 2025 authors. Published by the American Physical Society. Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP3.
Endemic bubble and multiple cusps generated by saturated treatment of an SIR model through Hopf and Bogdanov–Takens bifurcations
(Elsevier B.V., 2022) R.P. Gupta; Arun Kumar
The current study presents complex dynamics of an SIR epidemic model that incorporates a saturated type incidence rate as well as treatment. We provide here rigorous results for asymptotic stability of equilibrium states of the proposed system. Several bifurcations including Hopf, Generalized Hopf, saddle–node, transcritical and Bogdanov–Takens are also discussed. The stability of bifurcated periodic solutions is verified with the help of first Lyapunov number. Extensive numerical simulations are performed to validate these results. In a numerical example it is observed that if the saturation factor increases slowly, then the unique endemic equilibrium state is asymptotically stable for a certain range. The further increase in the value of saturation parameter, the endemic equilibrium state loses its stability and periodic solutions appear through Hopf bifurcation. It is also observed that the increase in saturation parameter beyond Hopf bifurcation threshold, results in regaining the stability of the endemic equilibrium state, which forms an interesting dynamical phenomenon in the bifurcation diagram named as an endemic bubble. It is pointed out that in the case of two endemic equilibrium states, one of these two is always saddle, whereas, the other one becomes unstable through Hopf bifurcation. In this scenario, the periodic solution is initially stable and it becomes unstable through generalized Hopf bifurcation. In numerical example for Bogdanov–Takens bifurcation two pairs of feasible bifurcation thresholds exist for the same set of parameters value. The bifurcation diagrams and equilibrium surfaces are also plotted to observe the combined effects of medication and saturation parameters. © 2022 International Association for Mathematics and Computers in Simulation (IMACS)
Estrogenic and antiestrogenic properties of clomiphene citrate in laboratory mice
(Springer India, 1995) Arun Kumar; Pranab L. Pakrasi
The estrogen agonistic and antagonistic properties of clomiphene citrate were investigated in the mice. Clomiphene citrate was tested at various doses of 0.1, 1.0, 10 and 100 μg for three consecutive days in immature and mature bilaterally ovariectomized mice. Clomiphene citrate showed uterotrophic activity in both immature and ovariectomized conditions. The lower doses of 0.1 and 1.0 μg were ineffective to show any uterotrophic stimulation. Clomiphene citrate at 10 μg dose produced 305.56% increase in uterine weight i.e., 27.70 ± 0.24 vs 6.83 ± 0.06 in immature and 182.27% i.e., 42.68 ± 1.12 vs 15.12 ± 0.57 in ovariectomized mice. Clomiphene citrate at 100 μg dose showed significant uterotrophic effect e.g., 435.57% i.e., 36.58 ±0.34 vs 6.83 ± 0.06 in immature and 586% i.e., 103.80 ± 0.60 in ovariectomized mice. When clomiphene citrate was administered in combination with 0.32 μg of estradiol 17-β it caused significant antagonistic effect (decrease in uterine weight) at 10 and 100 μg respectively. Clomiphene citrate at 10 μg dose produced 32% i.e., 28.93 ± 0.43 vs 38.04 ± 2.68 in immature and 35% i.e., 59.64±1.44 vs 83.34 ±0.25 in ovariectomized mice respectively. Histological observation clearly showed that clomiphene citrate at 10 and 100 μg doses did not cause any differential hypertrophy of the epithelial layer. Similar doses in combination with estradiol produced significant antagonistic effect on uterine weight and luminal epithelial cell height. © 1995 Indian Academy of Sciences.
Exserohilum turcicum [Pass.] resistance in maize: A sustainable agricultural approach for studying plant-microbe interactions
(Elsevier, 2023) Dan Singh Jakhar; Rima Kumari; Pankaj Kumar; Rajesh Singh; Arun Kumar
Exserohilum turcicum [Pass.] is a heterothallic fungus that overwinters as a dormant mycelium on host plant debris or as chlamydospores in the soil. In several areas around the globe, including India, E. turcicum can cause extensive defoliation before the tasseling and grain-filling stages, resulting in yield losses of more than 50%. To avoid yield losses, cultivars with effective resistance are commonly used. Cultivar resistance is crucial for controlling E. turcicum because it does not add to the farmer’s costs, does not affect the environment, and lowers seed production costs. In this pathosystem, there are two types of host resistance: (i) qualitative resistance, which is regulated by a single race-specific gene (Ht genes) and (ii) quantitative resistance, which is governed by several genes, each of which has a minor effect on disease resistance. Quantitative resistance is moderately to extremely successful in combating all races of the pathogen and should be more robust. Several repetitive selection cycles based on symptomatology and genetic selection can be used in realistic breeding programs to increase resistance levels. The goal of this review is to look at the genetic diversity of the fungus E. turcicum and the host’s resistance, as well as the implications for breeding. © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.