Browsing by Author "Arvind P. Kumar"

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Animal-Based Food Waste and By-product Utilization
(Springer Science+Business Media, 2025) M. Kumar Singh; Himanshu Mishra; Prajasattak Kanetkar; Arvind P. Kumar; Vishal Kumar; Pawan Katole
Production and post-production processes in meat, dairy, and fish industries produce large quantities of waste and different by-products. These materials are generally discarded without any significant utilization by humans. Meat industry waste products such as liver, kidney, heart, stomach, tongue, blood, bone, etc., are rich in nutrition required for humans (as diet), animals (as feed), and soil (as fertilizer). In the dairy industry, whey (cheese), skim milk (cream), ghee residue (ghee), buttermilk (Chhach), etc., are the by-products of production line. All these by-products are composed of high nutritional components such as proteins, unsaturated fats, minerals, bioactive peptides, etc. Fishery industry waste is rich in collagen and omega-3 fatty acid content. These precious wastes need to be utilized without exposing them directly to the surroundings. Without processing, the high content of insoluble organic (blood compositions, wastewater, etc.) waste items also acts as an environmental hazard. High rate of mineral deposition in soil causes toxicity effects on human, plant, and marine ecology. So this chapter is focused on nutritional values and processing of the waste material for decreasing waste and converting waste to wealth. © 2025 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
Assessing the influence of extraction techniques on the phytochemical composition of green coffee (Coffea arabica) using principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA)
(Elsevier B.V., 2025) Shikha Pandhi; Arvind P. Kumar
This study aimed to compare different extraction methods to determine their effects on the antioxidant properties and phytochemical composition of green coffee. A total of nine extraction techniques were evaluated based on their impact on extraction efficiency, total phenolic and flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity. Statistical analyses, including Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA), were applied for data interpretation. The findings indicated that the Ultrasonic-Assisted Microwave Extraction (UMAE) method achieved the highest extraction efficiency, along with the greatest total phenolic and flavonoid content and antioxidant activity. Notably, most analytical parameters showed a strong correlation with the first principal component (PC1), which accounted for approximately 80.40 % of the total variance. Hierarchical Cluster Analysis, represented through a heatmap, further confirmed that all parameters associated with the UMAE method consistently exhibited the highest values. Qualitative analysis and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy validated the presence of key phytochemical compounds, including phenols, alkaloids, flavonoids, and aromatic compounds. Furthermore, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis identified caffeine as the dominant compound in the extracted samples. © 2025 Indian Chemical Society
HR-MS-based bioactive profiling of green Banana flour and millets-based Murukku snack
(Elsevier B.V., 2025) Tomaly Saha; M. Kumar Singh; Dinesh Chandra Rai; Arvind P. Kumar
Globally, there is a surge in the demand for functional snacks in the food industry. The utilization of unripened fruits and millet grains in developing ethnic products is greatly enhanced. In recent years, omics methodologies have emerged as quantitative and qualitative approaches for screening various functional foods. This study explores the development of Murukku snacks incorporating green banana flour (GBF) and millet. Additionally, it investigates several metabolites in the developed Murukku using liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS/Orbitrap). GBF and millets contain a wide range of phytochemicals that aid the functionality of the ethnic snack. A total of 40 major metabolites, including ginsenoside, orotic acid, campesteryl glucoside, tocotrienol, apigenin, etc. were determined in the snack which are involved in various health benefits. Identified bioactive compounds are known for their anti-carcinogenic, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anti-CVD, etc. attributes. The principal component analysis (PCA) plots were drawn to reveal the pattern of the bioactive compounds formed in the Murukku sourced from GBF and millets during the snack development. This study has shown the developed Murukku snack is a functional food owing to multifaceted health benefits. Also, research has provided new opportunities for developing unripened fruits and millet-based snacks and investigating their bioactivity and functionality with different foodomics tools. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.
Sensors-Based Irrigation for Increasing Crop and Water Productivity
(Springer Science+Business Media, 2025) Aishwarya; Arvind P. Kumar; Pavan Kumar
Sensor-based decision tools provide a quick assessment of nutritional and physiological health status of crop, thereby enhancing the crop productivity. This chapter aims to revolutionize traditional agricultural practices by implementing a state-of-the-art sensors-based irrigation system. The objective is to optimize water usage, enhance crop productivity, and contribute to sustainable farming practices. The proposed system utilizes advanced sensors and data analytics to monitor soil moisture levels, weather conditions, and crop water requirements in real time. By employing precision irrigation techniques, the project seeks to maximize water use efficiency, minimize wastage, and foster a more sustainable and resilient agricultural ecosystem. The study also includes an economic analysis to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the sensors-based irrigation system, ensuring its viability for farmers. Through this innovative approach, the chapter aspires to address water scarcity challenges, promote resource-efficient farming, and contribute to global food security. © 2025 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
Synthesis, optimization, characterization, anti-oxidant and anti-cancerous activity analysis of nanoparticles IA-AuNPs synthesized using leaf extract of soil grown Ipomoea aquatica
(Elsevier B.V., 2025) Avinash Kumar Chaurasia; Ritika Kumari Singh; Arvind P. Kumar
The synthesis and characterization of Ipomoea aquatica herbal extract gold nanoparticles (IA-AuNPs) are of great interest due to their antioxidant and anticancer properties. Current study reflects simplest procedure to synthesize IA-AuNPs. Its MTT and cytotoxicity assay was evaluated in HepG2 cells with an IC50 value of 69.62 ± 5 µg/ml after 24 h of incubation. Apoptosis was done using ROS/, MMP and live-dead cell examination using AO/EtBr staining. In spectrophotometric analysis a single peak was observed at 542 nm which represents the SPR absorption band of gold nanoparticles. The IA-AuNPs were spherical with 5–40 nm size, with an average size of 10 nm, based on HR-TEM and HR-SEM. The existence of gold in IA-AuNPs was confirmed by EDX data. FTIR confirmed presence of various bioactive compounds in IA-AuNPs, with peaks at 3344cm−1, 2897cm−1, 2168cm−1, 1765cm−1, 1640cm−1, and 1275cm−1 corresponding to the-OH group and stretches of C–H, C = H, C = O, and C–O, respectively. At pH9 and 5Msalt concentration, significant stability of IA-AuNPs was observed. The zeta (ζ) potential value of IA-AuNPs at 25 °C and pH9 was -37.7 mV, showing its good quality and greater stability compared to pH6 and pH7 having zeta (ζ) potential value of -13.1 mV and -20.2 mV respectively. IA-AuNPs exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxicity, and ROS/MMP mediated apoptosis assay. DPPH radical scavenging activities was measured at 517 nm in respect to ascorbic acid in which IA-AuNPs exhibited stronger antioxidant properties than plant extract. Overall, our results suggested that IA-AuNPs have anticancer/ antioxidant properties that may be useful for the treatment of hepatic cancer as future drug. © 2024
Valorization of raw papaya (Carica papaya) and citrus peels for development of antimicrobial and biodegradable edible film
(Elsevier Ltd, 2025) Prathamesh Pawle; Surabhi Pandey; Arvind P. Kumar; Aparna Agarwal; Abhishek Dutt Tripathi; Mοhd Alam Saeed; Safia Obaidur Rab; Dipendra Kumar Mahato; Pradeep Harish Kumar; Madhu Kamle
Most of the food packaging materials used in the market are petroleum-based plastics; such materials are neither biodegradable nor environmentally friendly and require years to decompose. To overcome these problems, biodegradable and edible materials are encouraged to be used because such materials degrade quickly due to the actions of bacteria, fungi, and other environmental effects. The present study examined that starch can be effectively used as raw material to develop biodegradable, edible films. In this regard, Raw papaya and Citrus Peel were chosen to make biodegradable plastic film blended with corn starch. Raw papaya powder was combined with citrus peel powder for the development of film in treatments of T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5. RPP and CPP blend with Corn starch (CS) to maximize the film-forming properties and characteristics. The films were subjected to various parameter analysis like thickness, optical properties and barrier properties. As per the results, T3 was an optimized film, as it had minimum thickness (0.26 ± 0.01), high tensile strength (5.79 ± 0.12), elongation at break of 11.92 ± 0.03, High transparency (1.42 ± 0.06), and high degradation temperature. From the results, it is inferred that the prepared films are ideally suitable for food packaging and their production on a larger scale can considerably cut down the plastic wastage. © 2025 The Authors