Browsing by Author "Asha Lata Singh"

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A study on phosphate uptake by Acinetobacter sp. in presence of arsenate under aerobic condition
(National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources (NISCAIR), 2017) Asha Lata Singh; Vipin K. Singh
Phosphate is the main hindrance for the removal of arsenic from the arsenic contaminated waste water. Therefore, phosphate removal from contaminated water has become imperative for the successful removal of arsenic. In the present study, an attempt was made to remove phosphate from the waste water by Acinetobacter sp. in the presence and absence of arsenate. When phosphate (25 ppm) containing synthetic solution was treated with Acinetobacter sp. at pH 6 at ambient temperature under aerobic condition, the bacterium was able to remove 71.88% (17.97 ppm) phosphate. However, in the presence of arsenate (5 ppm), only 54.24% (13.56 ppm) phosphate uptake was observed from the waste water by Acinetobacter sp. Thus the presence of arsenate (5 ppm) inhibited phosphate uptake by 17.64%. The phosphate uptake by Acinetobacter sp. follows the Michalis-Menten kinetics. In the presence and absence of arsenate, the maximum velocity (Vmax) of phosphate uptake was 1.07 and 1.03 μM mg-1 h-1; while the kinetic constant (Km) was 1.13 and 0.37 mM, respectively. Consequently, arsenate was observed as competitive inhibitor for the phosphate uptake. The data thus underlines the significance of Acinetobacter sp. for the removal of phosphate along with arsenate.
Arsenic sequestration by manganese-oxidizing Acinetobacter sp
(National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources (NISCAIR), 2016) Asha Lata Singh; Vipin Kumar Singh; Akhilesh Yadav
This paper presents the potential of manganese (Mn)-oxidizing bacteria in removing arsenic from synthetic solution. Mnoxidizing bacterium was isolated from arsenic and manganese contaminated ground water from district Ballia (UP), India. The bacterium was identified as Acinetobacter sp. by the Institue of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India. Synthetic solution of Mn (25 ppm) was treated with Acinetobacter sp. (20 mg/mL) biomass in neutral pH (7.0) at ambient temperature. Acinetobacter sp. was found efficient to oxidize 44.04% (11.01 ppm) Mn within 2 h. Kinetics of Mn oxidation showed that maximum velocity (Vmax) for Mn oxidation was 16.69 μM mg-1 h-1, while kinetic constant (Km) was found to be 1.09 mM. Mn oxidation by Acinetobacter sp. follows the Michalis-Menten kinetics. Free and immobilized cells of Mn-oxide laden Acinetobacter sp. was used for removal of arsenite [As(III)] from arsenite contaminated water. Free and immobilized cells of Mn-oxide (11.01 ppm) laden Acinetobacter sp. biomass (20 mg/mL) was effective in removing of 0.760 ppm arsenite within 30 min and 3.39 ppm arsenite within 15 min from 5 ppm As(III) containing synthetic solution at pH 7. The immobilized cells of Mn-oxide laden Acinetobacter sp. were found to be 4.46 times more effective for the removal of As(III) as compared to the free cells.
Assessment of groundwater quality of Ballia district, Uttar Pradesh, India, with reference to arsenic contamination using multivariate statistical analysis
(Springer Verlag, 2018) Asha Lata Singh; Vipin Kumar Singh
A total of 22 water quality parameters were selected for the analysis of groundwater samples with reference to arsenic contamination. Samples were collected in the pre-monsoon and monsoon seasons of the year 2013. The maximum arsenic concentration in both the pre-monsoon and monsoon seasons was approximately the same, i.e., the maximum arsenic concentration being 75.60 and 74.46 µg/L in pre-monsoon and monsoon, respectively. Out of 72 collected samples, three were below the WHO guideline value of 10 µg/L for arsenic concentration. In 95.83% of the groundwater samples, the arsenic concentration was above the permissible limit. Nickel, manganese, and chromium concentrations were above the permissible limits in nearly all samples except for chromium concentration in a few pre-monsoon samples. However, the total iron concentrations in 23 samples (31.94%) were above the permissible limit. A total of six and seven principal components (PCs) were extracted using principal component analysis during the pre-monsoon and monsoon seasons, respectively, accounting for 76.25 and 78.52% of the total variation during two consecutive seasons. Correlation statistics revealed that the arsenic concentration was positively correlated with phosphate, iron, ammonium, bicarbonate, and manganese concentrations but negatively correlated with oxidation reduction potential (ORP), sulfate concentration, electrical conductivity, and total dissolved solids concentration. The negative correlation of arsenic with ORP suggested reducing conditions prevailing in the groundwater. The trilinear Piper diagram revealed calcium and magnesium enrichment of groundwater with an abundance of chloride ions but no predominance of bicarbonate ions. Thus, the groundwater fell into Ca2+ − Mg2+ − Cl− − SO42− category. © 2018, The Author(s).
Assessment of molecular diversity in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) rhizobia and structural analysis of 16S rDNA sequences from Mesorhizobium ciceri
(Polish Society of Microbiologists, 2013) Akhilesh Yadav; Asha Lata Singh; Govind Kumar Rai; Major Singh
Molecular diversity studies of 19 rhizobia isolates from chickpea were conducted using simple sequence repeats (SSR) and 16S rDNA-RFLP markers. Phenotypic characterization with special reference to salinity and pH tolerance was performed. These isolates were identified as different strains of Mesorhizobium, Rhizobium, Bradyrhizobium, and Agrobacterium. Twenty SSR loci of Mesorhizobium ciceri, distributed across the other rhizobial genome, clearly differentiated 19 rhizobial isolates. Analogous clustering supported the results of 16S rDNA sequence-based phylogeny. Analysis of the 16S rDNA sequences from M. ciceri strains revealed that nucleotide variables (signature sites) were located at 20 different positions; most of them were present in the first 820 bp region from 5' terminal. Interestingly, 14 signature sites were located in two main regions, the variable region V1 (nt 527-584), and variable region V2 (nt 754-813). The secondary structure and minimal free energy were determined in these two regions. These results will be useful in characterizing the micro-evolutionary mechanisms of species formation and increase understanding of the symbiotic relationship.
Bacterial desulphurization of low-rank coal: A case study of Eocene Lignite of Western Rajasthan, India
(Taylor and Francis Inc., 2018) Alok K. Singh; Aniruddha Kumar; Prakash K. Singh; Asha Lata Singh; Alok Kumar
High sulfur lignite samples collected from Giral mine was subjected to desulfurization using bacteria Burkholderia sp. GR 8–02 isolated from native lignite. A removal of 50.69% of total Sulfur (St) has been observed. The reduction in hydrogen and ash content was found up to 2.92% and 14.78%, respectively. In addition, relative carbon (up to 12.81%) and nitrogen (up to 34.52%) has also been increased. An increase in the relative concentration of volatile matter and fixed carbon (up to 19.47% & 3.29%) has been detected. In addition, the desulfurization of high sulfur lignite with Burkholderia sp. GR 8–02 increased the calorific value from 5.24% to 20.74%. © 2018 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Beneficiation of High Sulfur Tertiary Coal of Assam with Burkholderia sp. GR 8-02. An Eco-Friendly Approach Toward Clean Coal Production
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2024) Aniruddha Kumar; Asha Lata Singh; Pramod K. Rajak; Alok Kumar; Prakash K. Singh
The high sulfur content in North-East Indian coal is one of the primary challenges with using it as an energy source. Therefore, the present study uses Burkholderia sp. GR 8-02 to explore coal beneficiation from the Tipong mine (T20 and T60) in Assam (North-East India). Various particle size fractions (−125 to +210 µm, −210 to +250 µm, −250 to +297 µm, −297 to +400 µm and −400 to +500 µm) were treated and subjected to petrographic and chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Raman spectral analysis. The results revealed a 39.04% and 32.43% reduction in total sulfur for T20 and T60 samples, respectively. The ash content decreased by 19.79% in the T20 coal sample and by 24.52% in the T60 coal samples, with a relative decrease in the mineral matter content of approximately 17.43%. Following beneficiation with Burkholderia sp. GR 8-02, the −125 to +250 µm coal fraction exhibited maximum ash removal. The T20 sample useful heating value increased from 8116 to 8203 kcal/kg and the T60 sample from 8060 to 8210 kcal/kg. X-ray diffraction and FTIR patterns showed mineral phases like quartz, kaolinite, and pyrite. The FTIR spectra indicated altered C-S, SO2, and C=O bonds. The thermal profile showed a 12.54% mass loss difference between untreated and treated coal samples, suggesting lower thermal stability post-treatment without affecting the useful heating value (UHV). The treated coal’s surface leaching and morphological structure changes were investigated using Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) images. Raman analysis revealed increased carbon crystallinity and molecular structure in treated coal. This study offers an environmentally friendly and efficient approach to clean coal production. © 2024 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
Biodegradation of Reactive Yellow-145 azo dye using bacterial consortium: A deterministic analysis based on degradable Metabolite, phytotoxicity and genotoxicity study
(Elsevier Ltd, 2022) Asha Lata Singh; Sneha Chaudhary; Sunil Kumar; Aniruddha Kumar; Achuit Singh; Akhilesh Yadav
Azo dyes are used at larger-scale as coloring agent in the textile industry. It generates a huge amount of dye containing wastewater and its toxicity threatens all kinds of life and also impacts human beings. At present, more impetus is being given to the biological treatment of dye effluent because of its azoreductase enzyme action to break down azo bond which leads to decolorization and degradation of dye. Bacterial consortium of E. asburiae and E. cloacae (1:1 ratio) was used for degradation and decolorization of Reactive Yellow-145 (RY-145) dye. The optimization of dye concentration, temperature, pH, and media has been carried out to determine the conditions required for maximum degradation and decolorization. The mixed consortium (10%) has shown 98.78% decolorization of RY-145 dye under static condition at 500 mgL−1 concentration, 35 °C and pH 7.0 at 12 h contact period. FTIR analysis showed formation of new functional groups in the treated dye, such as O–H stretch at 1361 cm−1, C–H stretch at 890 cm−1, N–H stretch at 1598 cm−1 and aromatic C–H at 671 cm−1 revealing degradation of dye. Biodegraded metabolites of RY-145 dye were identified through GC-MS analysis that includes 2-Cyclohexen-1-ol, 5-Nitroso-2, 4, 6-triaminopyrimidine, Octahydroquinoline-9-hydroxyperoxide, Tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol, 9-Octadecanoic acid, methyl ester and Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester, respectively which have industrial applications. Cyclohexane was used in gasoline and adhesive while Octahydroquinoline-9-hydroxyperoxide and 5-Nitroso-2, 4, 6-triaminopyrimidine were used in manufacturing drugs. Tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol, 9-Octadecanoic acid, methyl ester and Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester are antimicrobial and antioxidant. Phytotoxicity test also showed non-toxic effects of treated dye on germination of Cicer arietinum and Vigna radiata seeds. Similarly, genotoxicity study indicated less toxic effects of biodegraded dye products on Mitotic index (MI) and cell division of Allium cepa. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd
Bioremediation of chromium (VI) from mining-contaminated soil using Klebsiella sp. (BH-A1): environmental implications
(Springer, 2025) Anjali Srivastava; Asha Lata Singh; Aniruddha Kumar; Alok Kumar
The present investigation aimed to isolate and identify a novel bacterium from chromium (VI)-contaminated soil samples collected from the Gorbi mine area, Singrauli coalfield, evaluates its potential for Cr(VI) reduction to Cr(III) and enhances environmental and operational conditions to apply this in bioremediation of Cr-contaminated soils. A bacterium was newly isolated from contaminated soils of coal mines for chromium (VI) reduction and identified as Klebsiella sp. (BH-A1) using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Calcium chloride and sodium alginate solutions were used to immobilize the bacterial cells of isolated Klebsiella sp. Bacteria beads (Klebsiella sp. BH-A1) were tailored to reduce 10 µg/g Cr(VI)-contaminated soil under varied environmental factors such as bead biomass (200–1000 mg), pH (5–8), temperature (25–35 °C), and nutrient sources. Beads of Klebsiella sp. (BH-A1) (1000 mg/g) were efficient for 87% reduction of 10 µg/g Cr(VI) present in the soil at pH 7, 30 °C, within a six-hour contact period. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses reveal varied functional groups like –OH, –NH, and –COOH in Cr-treated bacterial beads. Functional groups corroborate their involvement in Cr(VI) and Cr(III) absorption on the cell surface of bacteria. Chromium-treated Klebsiella sp. (BH-A1) cell size was wider due to chromium absorption than the non-treated bacterial cells after SEM analyses. The energy dispersive X-ray plot has proven the 0.41 weight percent chromium accumulation inside the bacterial cells. Moreover, XPS analyses of Cr-treated bacterial cells indicate reduced Cr(VI) into Cr(III). The finding further suggests that Klebsiella sp. (BH-A1) might be a new prospect for potential application in Cr detoxification from Cr-contaminated soil. The limitations of this research include the accumulation of hazardous metabolic products due to low diffusion rates, the formation of thick biofilms blocking bead pores, and interrupted substrate transport from the bulk liquid to immobilized cells. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2025.
Bioremediation of Chromium-contaminated Agricultural Soil Using Alginate-Encapsulated Bacterial Beads
(Springer Nature, 2025) Anjali Srivastava; Asha Lata Singh; Monika Yadav; Mayur B. Kurade; Ramesh Kumar; Moonis Ali Khan; Byong-hun Jeon
In this study, the efficacy of indigenous bacteria present in Cr-contaminated soil was tested for soil decontamination. Potential bacterial strains were screened and selected from soil samples and immobilized on sodium alginate beads. The most effective Cr(VI) reducing strain identified using 16S rRNA genome sequencing was Enterococcus italicus. Bacterial beads of E. italicus were optimized for Cr(VI) reduction under various exploratory conditions, such as temperature, pH, biomass, contact period, and different nutritional sources. Beads containing 1000 mg/g of E. italicus biomass reduced up to 91% of Cr(VI) (from an initial 5.4 mg/g in the soil) at pH 7 and 35 ℃ within 2 h. Glucose was found to be a good source of electron contributors that can reduce up to 94% of Cr(VI). FTIR analysis of the Cr(VI)-treated bacterial beads showed amines, -COO−, -CH3, C–O–C, and PO2 as new functional groups, revealing absorption and reduction of Cr(VI) from contaminated soil. The cell size of E. italicus after Cr-contaminated soil treatment was larger than that of untreated bacterial cells. The elemental analyses of treated and untreated bacterial cells revealed the presence of Cr inside the treated cells of E. italicus, which were transported from the soil during its treatment. Further, the XPS analysis confirmed the reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) in the treated bacterial beads of E. italicus. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.
Chemotaxonomic studies on natural populations of Tribulus terrestris L. collected from the Gangetic Plain (India) for the identification of elite chemotypes
(Akademiai Kiado ZRt., 2025) Amrita Limboo; Divya Pradhan; Asha Lata Singh; Sharad Kumar Srivastava
Tribulus terrestris L., commonly known as “Gokhru” in Ayurveda, has several folklore therapeutic properties, such as anti-urolithic, aphrodisiac, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, as a testosterone booster, and for urinary tract infections, etc. This study aimed to identify elite chemotypes of T. terrestris on the basis of the tribulosin content and also to examine its in vitro antioxidant activity. Plant samples (26 accessions) were collected from different locations of the Gangetic Plain (India) and tribulosin was quantified using a developed instrumental thin-layer chromatography (TLC) method. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were estimated spectrophotometrically. The antioxidant activity was analyzed through 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) models. From our study, three elite chemotypes were identified, viz., TT-8, TT-6, and TT-20, with concentrations ranging from 0.031 ± 0.002% to 0.46 ± 0.05%. TT-8, the plant sample from Banda, Uttar Pradesh, demonstrated the highest tribulosin content. Through the identification of elite chemotypes, they serve as promising candidates for the commercial cultivation of T. terrestris rich in tribulosin content to meet industrial demands at specific locations. © Akadémiai Kiadó Zrt 2025.
Comparative investigation of bio-beneficiation of Kasnau-Matasukh lignite using native microorganisms
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2022) Aniruddha Kumar; Pramod K Rajak; Asha Lata Singh; Rajesh Kumar; K.N. Singh; Prakash K Singh
In the present investigation, an attempt has been made to beneficiate lignite using Burkholderia sp. GR 8–02, Bacillus sp. XQW, and mixed consortium. The experiments showed that Bacillus sp. XQW could remove 18.18–37.50% of total sulfur followed by mixed consortium (18.18–29.17%) and Burkholdria sp. GR 8–02 (9.09%-29.17%). There was also a concomitant decrease in the content of mineral matter as revealed in decrease of ash yields from 10.02 to 29.12% by Bacillus sp. XQW followed by 11.74–29.10% by Burkholderia sp. GR8-02 and 9.93–29.30% by mixed consortium. During the biotreatment of lignite, a reduction in the volatile matter and oxygen was also observed. Study through Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), petrography, and chemistry of lignite samples provided more insights into the changes in the calorific values as well as the chemical attributes of the lignite after bacterial treatment. The study revealed an increase in the Gross calorific value (6417–7234 cal/g) and Net calorific value (6522–7190 cal/g) of the lignite following the bacterial treatment. Thus, bacterial treatment of the lignite samples proved to be an effective tool for the upgradation of lignite. © 2020 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Control of different pyrite forms on desulfurization of coal with bacteria
(Elsevier Ltd, 2013) P.K. Singh; Asha Lata Singh; Aniruddha Kumar; M.P. Singh
The present paper entails the role of different pyrite forms during desulfurization of Nagaland coals of north-east India. This coal contains a considerable quantity of pyrite which occurs in various forms like framboidal, disseminated, cavity and fissure fillings, massive replacement and discrete grains. The discrete pyrite grains show strong affinity with liptinite and inertinite macerals while rest of the forms show low to moderate correlation with different macerals. The correlation between different pyrite forms and desulfurization reveals that the coal samples rich in disseminated pyrite have undergone minimum desulfurization followed by framboidal pyrite rich coal samples. These pyrite forms probably caused difficulty in desulfurization due to their small size, complicated structure and their highly scattered occurrences. The maximum removal was observed in samples rich in cavity and fissure filling pyrite. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Decolorization and biodegradation of RR-195 dye using papaya peels: a green technology
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2025) Monika Yadav; Asha Lata Singh; Anjali Srivastava
Reactive Red-195 (RR-195) synthetic dye is aromatic in nature and it is commercially used in the textile industry owing to its good binding ability with fibers. During its processing as a coloring agent, the unfixed RR-195 dye remains in water, which leads to water pollution. In the present investigation papaya peel biomass in the form of granules (Ppbgra), ground (Ppbgri), and extracts (Ppbe) were used for decolorization and degradation of RR-195 dye. The experiments were performed under varying pH, biomass, temperature, shaking, and static conditions to ascertain the most favorable state for optimal degradation and decolorization. The experiments revealed that 3 g of Ppbgra, Ppbe, and Ppbgri Papaya peels were individually efficient to decolorize 83%, 92%, and 96% RR-195 (100 ppm), respectively, at 30 °C and pH 7.0, at a 24 h of incubation period under static conditions. Papain enzyme was found to play a central role in RR-195 dye degradation as determined through HPLC analysis. FTIR results of RR-195 dye treated with Ppbgra and Ppbgri revealed the presence of a peak at 2988 cm−1, which denotes stretching of the = C-H bond in the benzene ring, while the peak at 1737 cm−1 represents = C-C bonds of aromatic compounds and the peak at 1372 cm−1 shows CH3 stretching. Peaks at 941 cm−1 and 841 cm−1 are of N-H and = C-H bonds, respectively. These new functional groups indicate the formation of oximes and nitrous compounds due to dye degradation. Formation of RR-195 biodegraded metabolites was identified through GC-MS analysis. This comprises benzene, acetic acid, 2-Methoxy-4-vinyl phenol, and 3, 5-bis (1, 1-Dimethyl ethyl) phenol. BET result showed that the average pore diameter, pore volume, and surface area of papaya peel biomass (absorbents of unripened papaya peel) are 2.526 nm, 0.008 cm3/g, and 6.066 m2/g, respectively. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) and EDS analysis (ZEISS GEMINI SEM-560) revealed that Ppbgri has a high ability to trap more dye particles because of its larger surface area as compared to Ppbgra. COD and TOC of 100 ppm treated dye were reduced up to 80% and 98%, respectively. Phytotoxicity study shows that treated dye is nontoxic for T. aestivum seed germination. Thus, papaya peels have a potential solution for dye effluent treatment. © 2025 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Decolorization and degradation of textile effluent with the help of Enterobacter asburiae
(National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources (NISCAIR), 2015) Asha Lata Singh; Sneha Chaudhary; Arvind M. Kayastha; Akhilesh Yadav
A bacterial strain identified as Enterobacter asburiae, based on its 16s rDNA sequence study, was isolated from textile industry effluent of Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India. The bacterial strain was able to degrade 98% textile effluent within 60 h at 35 mg/mL of the bacterial biomass under aerobic condition. The maximum textile effluent degradation was recorded at pH 8 and at temperature of 32°C. Ultra violet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrum analysis of the bacterial treated textile effluent showed complete disappearance of the peaks at ~ 630 nm and at ~ 410 nm. Moreover, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy study revealed the presence of new sharp peak at ~ 1403 cm-1 indicating the biodegradation of dye effluent. Besides, the colorlessness of bacterial cells also indicated that E. asburiae had the capacity to decolorize the textile effluent through biodegradation instead of absorption on the surface. Gel-electrophoretic studies showed the presence of low mol wt (10.43 kDa) protein in the bacterium under dye stress condition supporting the mechanism of biodegradation.
Decolourization and detoxification of Reactive Red-195 azo dye by Staphylococcus caprae isolated from textile effluent
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2025) Monika Yadav; Asha Lata Singh
Azo dyes are used as coloring agent in textile industries at larger scale. As a result, large quantity of dye-enriched waste water is generated which subsequently poses environmental problems. Biological tool involving bacteria having azoreductase enzyme has proved to be more effective and efficient in dye effluent treatment. Current work focuses on Staphylococcus caprae (S. caprae) for degradation and decolorization of Reactive Red-195 (RR-195) azo dye. For this purpose, factors such as pH, temperature, inoculums, carbon and nitrogen sources, and dye concentrations have been optimized for maximum decolorization and degradation. S. caprae (4 mg/mL) efficiently resulted into 90% decolorization of RR-195 dye under static condition at 100 µg/mL concentration, 30 °C and pH 7.0 at a 12-h contact period. FTIR analysis has revealed the formation of new functional groups in the treated dye such as O–H stretch at 3370 cm−1, C-H band stretching at 2928 cm−1, and new band at 1608 cm−1 which specify the degradation of aromatic ring, 1382 and 1118 cm−1 represents desulfonated peaks. Biodegraded metabolites of RR-195 dye such as phenol, 3, 5-di-tert-butylphenol, and phthalic acid have been identified respectively that find industrial applications. Phytotoxicity test has shown non-toxic effects of treated dye on germination of Vigna radiata and Triticum aestivum seeds. Further, antibiotic diffusion assay has confirmed the biosafety of S. caprae. © Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i. 2024.
Decolourization and detoxification of Reactive Red-195 azo dye by Staphylococcus caprae isolated from textile effluent
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2024) Monika Yadav; Asha Lata Singh
Azo dyes are used as coloring agent in textile industries at larger scale. As a result, large quantity of dye-enriched waste water is generated which subsequently poses environmental problems. Biological tool involving bacteria having azoreductase enzyme has proved to be more effective and efficient in dye effluent treatment. Current work focuses on Staphylococcus caprae (S. caprae) for degradation and decolorization of Reactive Red-195 (RR-195) azo dye. For this purpose, factors such as pH, temperature, inoculums, carbon and nitrogen sources, and dye concentrations have been optimized for maximum decolorization and degradation. S. caprae (4 mg/mL) efficiently resulted into 90% decolorization of RR-195 dye under static condition at 100 µg/mL concentration, 30 °C and pH 7.0 at a 12-h contact period. FTIR analysis has revealed the formation of new functional groups in the treated dye such as O–H stretch at 3370 cm−1, C-H band stretching at 2928 cm−1, and new band at 1608 cm−1 which specify the degradation of aromatic ring, 1382 and 1118 cm−1 represents desulfonated peaks. Biodegraded metabolites of RR-195 dye such as phenol, 3, 5-di-tert-butylphenol, and phthalic acid have been identified respectively that find industrial applications. Phytotoxicity test has shown non-toxic effects of treated dye on germination of Vigna radiata and Triticum aestivum seeds. Further, antibiotic diffusion assay has confirmed the biosafety of S. caprae. © Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i. 2024.
Decolourization, degradation and removal of heavy metals of textile effluent with the help of mixed bacterial consortium
(National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources (NISCAIR), 2017) Asha Lata Singh; Sneha Chaudhary; Akhilesh Yadav
This paper discusses the role of mixed bacterial consortium in decolourization, degradation and removal of heavy metals from textile effluent. The bacterial strains, used as consortium, were isolated from textile effluent and were comprised of Enterobacter asburiae and E. cloacae. This bacterial consortium (0.1 g/100 mL bacterial consortium biomass) efficiently decolorized (up to 98%) the effluent under aerobic condition within 10 min, at pH 1.67 and 32oC. Ultraviolet (UV) visible analysis, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) study and colourless bacterial cells indicate the capacity of bacterial consortium to decolorize the textile effluent through biodegradation instead of adsorption on the surface. Cytotoxicity and phytotoxicity studies also signify the lesser toxicity of textile effluent after the treatment with bacterial consortium. Thus the present bacterial consortium can be successfully employed for decolourization, biodegradation and metals removal from acidic textile effluents.
Demineralization of Coal from Johilla Coalfield using Neutrophilic Native Bacteria: A Novel Technique to obtain REE from Coal
(Geological Society of India, 2024) Shweta Rai; Asha Lata Singh; Prakash K. Singh
Mineral matter in coal is the host of several environmentally sensitive elements and a potential source of Rare Earth Elements (REE). During combustion, some trace elements are liberated as gas, while others get concentrated in ash, contaminating soil and local water bodies. Minimizing the inorganic content makes the coal clean and eventually increases its calorific value. Bacteria serve as an eco-friendly remediation tool, particularly neutrophilic ones that facilitate the treatment at mild pH and ambient temperatures. Use of native bacteria accelerates the treatment process by readily adapting to substrates. We present the remediation potential of three native neutrophilic bacteria in this study. After six days of treatment, Bacillus sp. CpH06 has reduced ash yield by 15.96%, trace elements by 26% to 75%, and REE by 24% to 50%. Bacillus anthracis CpH08 has reduced ash yield by 22.6%, trace elements by 6.4% to 70.5%, and REE by 8.4% to 37%. Maximum ash yield reduction of 22.91% was attained by the Cronobacter sp. CpH10 including reduction of 8.1% to 73% of trace elements and 26% to 48% of REEs. The FTIR spectra reveal alterations in both peak intensity and position of inorganic functional groups resulting from the removal of elements, formation of new bonds, and the elimination of certain pre-existing functional groups. XRD spectra indicate bio-oxidation mechanism, exhibited by the removal of copper sulfate hydroxide and pyrite along with formation of Jarosite and metal-sulfide peaks. The findings encourage further research on the effectiveness and performance of these bacteria on diverse types of coals. © 2024 Geological Society of India, Bengaluru, India.
Demineralization of Gondwana coal with Pseudomonas mendocina strain B6-1: a case study of coal from Gopinathpur top and bottom seams of Mugma mine, Dhanbad, Jharkhand (India)
(Springer Verlag, 2016) Prakash K. Singh; Asha Lata Singh; Mahendra P. Singh; A.S. Naik; Dharmshila Singh; Spardha Rai; Aniruddha Kumar
In the present investigation an attempt has been made to demineralize the Gondwana coal of Gopinathpur top and bottom seams of Mugma mine, Raniganj coalfield, Dhanbad with the help of Pseudomonas mendocina strain B6-1. The change in the amount of ash yield and decrease in the concentration of selected minor elements like Na, K, Mn and Ca and environmentally sensitive selected trace elements such as Cd, Pb, Se, Ni, Mn, and Zn have been studied as a function of time of bacterial treatment as well as with variation in the bacterial biomass. After 28 days of bacterial treatment there was variable amount of decrease observed in ash yield as well as in the concentration of minor and trace elements. The removal of the elements was further enhanced with the increase in the bacterial biomass from 10 to 25 mg/mL. Due to over exploitation of superior grade coals in the country, the remaining coal resources, available for current use, are inferior in grade and contain high level of impurities and there is ample scope of bio-beneficiation of these coals using bacterial biomass. © 2016, The Author(s).
Demineralization of Rajmahal Gondwana coals by bacteria: Revelations from X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) studies
(Multi-Science Publishing Co. Ltd, 2015) Asha Lata Singh; Prakash K. Singh; Aniruddha Kumar; Mahendra P. Singh
The present paper entails the results of the demineralization of the Rajmahal Gondwana coals of India with Pseudomonas mendocina strain B6-1 and its signatures revealed in the X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra. The XRD study reveals the reduction of pyrite phase in the coal samples after bacterial treatment due to bio-oxidation of pyrite and the appearance of few new phases of jarosite. Moreover, the intensity of jarosite peaks has been noticed to increase after the bacterial treatment. The FTIR spectra of the bacterial treated Rajmahal coal samples indicate shifting of the absorption peaks as compared to the control samples. The oxidation of pyrite due to the bacterial action and its conversion into jarosite is indicated by the stretching of OH bond at 630 cm-1 peak. While the bacterial action on clay minerals in all the samples is indicated by the stretching of bonds at 1114 cm-1 to 430 cm-1 peaks.