Browsing by Author "Ashish Arvind"

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Crosstalk between brain and the peripheral tissues
(Elsevier, 2024) Kumar Sarvottam; Ratnesh Namdeo Gajbhiye; Ashish Arvind; Bhupendra Singh Yadav
The interaction of the brain with peripheral organs is bidirectional which comprises neuronal, neurohumoral, or endocrine signaling. The substance produced by peripheral organs modulates brain function and may bring about plasticity. The substances produced by bone, skeletal muscle, heart, adipose tissue, and many other tissues are important in the regulation of brain function and plasticity in health and disease. The substances produced by peripheral organs communicate with the brain through circumventricular organs, have their receptors on endothelial cells of brain capillaries, or diffuse in extracellular vesicles. This chapter deals in detail with brain interaction with these organs in health and disease. © 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Peripheral tissues and its neurophysiology
(Elsevier, 2024) Kumar Sarvottam; Ashish Arvind; Abhishek Sinha; Zoha Deeba Khan
Neural communications of peripheral tissues happen either through descending tracts which may be somatic motor and autonomic or by local reflexive loops which have receptor, afferent nerve fibers, reflex center, and efferent nerve fibers. The growth, development, and function of peripheral tissues are widely modulated by neural innervations. The skeletal muscles get their efferent command to extrafusal and intrafusal fibers by α and γ-motor neurons and the afferent information is conveyed via Ia and Ib fibers, while cardiac and smooth muscles have autonomic innervations modulating their responses. A large number of afferent fibers are conveying sensation from cutaneous receptors and visceral organs and the details of mechano-transduction at receptor level has been explored. The glandular secretion is dependent on secretomotor autonomic command. In this chapter, we have explored the neural innervations of peripheral tissues, their mechanisms, electrophysiology, methods to study their responses on neural stimulations, and recent advances. © 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.