Browsing by Author "Ashish Kumar Mishra"

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Age of the earliest transgressive event in the Krishna-Godavari Basin, India: evidence from dinoflagellate cysts and planktonic foraminifera biostratigraphy
(Springer, 2020) Ashish Kumar Mishra; Nallamuthu Malarkodi; Arun Deo Singh; Dinesh Babu; Vandana Prasad
A combined biostratigraphic study of dinoflagellate cysts and foraminifera was carried out on Early Cretaceous subsurface well cutting sediments from well A (DNG) (2800–2746 m depth) from the Krishna-Godavari Basin, India. The last appearance datum of marker species of dinoflagellate cysts and planktonic foraminifera was considered for the construction of the biostratigraphic framework. The study shows dominance of Early Cretaceous marker dinoflagellate cysts Cassiculosphaeridia magna, Cribroperidinium perforans, Hystrichodinium voigtii, Kleithriasphaeridium eoinodes, and planktonic foraminifera Hedbergella aptiana, Hedbergella mitra, Hedbergella praelippa, Hedbergella tardita, Microhedbergella miniglobularis and Hedbergella mitra species. In addition to this, the dinoflagellate cyst data were compared with the dinoflagellate biozones of Austral and Tethyan provinces. Based on earlier micropalaeontological records from the Krishna-Godavari Basin and the present study, a latest Barremian-early Aptian age has been determined for the earliest marine transgression in the Krishna-Godavari Basin. The early marine incursion during late Barremian-earliest Aptian in the Krishna-Godavari Basin compared to Albian age in Cauvery Basin suggests the opening of east coast from north to south. © 2020, The Author(s).
Agrochemicals: harmful and beneficial effects of climate change scenarios
(Elsevier, 2025) Shivani Gupta; Ashish Kumar Mishra; Shailza Mishra; Gereraj Sen Gupta; Parvati Madheshiya; Supriya P. Tiwari
The intricate interactions between agrochemical usage and climate change represent a critical axis influencing global agricultural systems. Agrochemicals, comprising fertilizers, pesticides, and herbicides, serve a dual purpose in agriculture: augmenting the crop yield and quality while imposing significant risks to environmental sustainability and human health. Climate change characterized by rising global temperatures, altered precipitation regimes, and increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations introduces further complexities to this dynamic relationship. This chapter provides an in-depth examination of the multifaceted interplay between agrochemical applications and climate change scenarios, emphasizing both their deleterious and advantageous impacts. The escalating reliance on agrochemicals to meet the surging global food demand has been linked to increased greenhouse gas emissions, accelerated soil degradation, and the contamination of aquatic ecosystems. This chapter synthesizes contemporary research to elucidate the interactions between agrochemical utilization and climate change variables, delineating their implications for agricultural ecosystems. It underscores the imperative for adopting sustainable agrochemical practices and developing robust policy frameworks to harmonize agricultural productivity with environmental conservation. Ultimately, this work advocates for interdisciplinary approaches to optimize agrochemical deployment in the context of climate change, aiming to safeguard ecological stability and ensure global food security. © 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
An Overview of Carbon and Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Nanostructures
(World Scientific Publishing Co., 2024) Bishnu Pada Majee; Ankita Singh; Ashish Kumar Mishra
Industrialization, technological advancement, and rapid population growth have placed immense pressure on energy resources. Rapidly diminishing fossil fuels and the unfavorable environmental impacts associated with their use have further emphasized the necessity for alternate energy sources. Researchers have been continuously seeking trustworthy, secure, and environmentally friendly energy sources, and found that carbon and two-dimensional (2D) materials such as transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are suitable for energy generation (hydrogen production, fuel cells, and solar cells) and storage (supercapacitor and battery) applications. This chapter introduces the basic structure of carbon-based materials (graphene and carbon nanotubes), TMD nanomaterials (mainly MoS2 and MoSe2), and their applications. Carbon and TMDs materials show various electronic properties, such as conducting, semiconducting, and metallic, depending on the atomic arrangement of the atoms in the lattice. © 2024 World Scientific Publishing Company.
Antidiabetic drugs from natural sources
(Elsevier, 2025) Parvati Madheshiya; Gereraj Sen Gupta; Ashish Kumar Mishra; Shivani Gupta; Supriya P. Tiwari
Medicinal plants play a crucial role in addressing diabetes mellitus (DM), particularly in developing nations due to their disease-cure efficacy and their cost-effectiveness. DM, a metabolic disorder, poses a significant threat to global health. Its prevalence is projected to reach 4.4% worldwide by 2030. Modern medicine includes numerous limitations, emphasizing the requirement for more effective and safer therapies. Through preclinical and clinical evaluations, numerous plants have exhibited significant antidiabetic properties. It provides comprehensive profiles of these plants, spanning from antiquity to the present, highlighting their potential side effects across various experimental models. These plants may prevent diabetes complications and metabolic problems in different methods. Several phytoconstituents with antidiabetic properties have been isolated from these plants in recent years. This chapter provides an interactive review of plant parts used, mechanisms of action, and key phytoconstituents to help readers find and conduct studies on DM-treating plants. © 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Can fertilization OF CO2 heal the ozone-injured agroecosystems?
(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Ashish Kumar Mishra; Gereraj Sen Gupta; Aditya Abha Singh; Shashi Bhushan Agrawal; Supriya Tiwari
The rising concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) and ozone (O3) in the atmosphere hold significant implications for various ecosystem services, particularly agroecosystem productivity. This review examines the intricate interplay between the divergent effects of CO2 fertilization and oxidative O3 damage on agroecosystems, with a focus on the pivotal role they play in shaping global food security. A comprehensive analysis of aggregated data from previous studies, employing regression analysis, suggests that CO2 may hold the upper hand and exhibit the potential to mitigate the damage induced by O3. The physiological responses of plants to these atmospheric gases are crucial determinants of their impacts in the coming years. Stomatal conductance (gs) regulates the entry of CO2 and O3 into plant systems, while carboxylation efficiency (Vmax) influences photosynthetic yield (Ps). However, the complex spatial and temporal variations, and the uncertain future projections of O3 concentrations, make it challenging to precisely predict the outcomes of O3–CO2 interactions in agroecosystems. Moreover, the differential responses of various crop functional types add to the complexity, making it even more demanding to assess agroecosystem productivity under future scenarios of atmospheric O3 and CO2 concentrations. To address these uncertainties, urgent efforts are required to quantify the interactive effects of O3 and CO2 across all RCP scenarios. This will provide a clearer understanding of crop responses and agroecosystem productivity in the coming years, ensuring sustainable food security, amidst changing environmental conditions. This review highlights the pressing need for further research to elucidate these critical interactions and their implications for global agriculture. © 2024 Turkish National Committee for Air Pollution Research and Control
Carbon-Based and TMDs-Based Air Cathode for Metal-Air Batteries
(World Scientific Publishing Co., 2024) Prince Kumar Maurya; Ashish Kumar Mishra
Metal-air batteries (MABs) have emerged as a promising solution for high-energy density storage in applications such as electric vehicles and smart grids. However, several challenges hinder the successful implementation of MABs in the market. This chapter focuses on addressing these challenges and enhancing the performance of MABs through innovative material selection, design, and manufacturing techniques. To overcome this, researchers are investigating nonmetallic (heteroatom)-doped carbon materials and TMDs-based nanocomposites as electrocatalysts for air cathode in MABs. © 2024 World Scientific Publishing Company.
Combating ozone stress through N fertilization: A case study of Indian bean (Dolichos lablab L.)
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2023) Ansuman Sahoo; Parvati Madheshiya; Ashish Kumar Mishra; Supriya Tiwari
The present study investigates the efficiency of nitrogen (N) amendments in the management of ozone (O3) stress in two varieties (Kashi Sheetal and Kashi Harittima) of Indian bean (Dolichos lablab L.). Two O3 concentrations, ambient (44.9 ppb) and elevated (74.64 ppb) were used, and each O3 concentration has 3 nitrogen (N) dose treatments viz recommended (N1), 1.5 times recommended (N2), 2 times recommended (N3) and no nitrogen, which served as control (C). The experiment concluded Kashi Sheetal as O3 tolerant, as compared to Kashi Harittima. N amendments were effective in the partial amelioration of O3 stress, with N2 being the most effective nitrogen dose, at both ambient and elevated O3 concentrations. Kashi Sheetal has been determined to be O3 tolerant due to greater endogenous levels of H2O2 accumulation and enzymatic antioxidant contents with O3 exposure. The O3-sensitive variety, Kashi Harittima, responded more positively to N treatments, at both O3 concentrations. The positive effect of N amendments is attributed to the stimulated antioxidative enzyme activity, rather than the biophysical processes like stomatal conductance. Strengthened defense upon N amendments was attributed to the enhanced activities of APX and GR in Kashi Sheetal, while in Kashi Harittima, the two enzymes (APX and GR) were coupled by SOD and CAT as well, during the reproductive phase. Yield (weight of seeds plant-1) increments upon N (N2) amendments were higher in Kashi Harittima (O3 sensitive), as compared to Kashi Sheetal (O3 tolerant) at both ambient and elevated O3 concentration, due to higher antioxidant enzymatic response and greater rate of photosynthesis in the former. Copyright © 2023 Sahoo, Madheshiya, Mishra and Tiwari.
Correction to: The soil response in experimental Leucaena leucocephala plots under manipulated rainfall regimes (Tropical Ecology, (2025), 66, 1, (91-103), 10.1007/s42965-025-00373-0)
(Springer, 2025) Ashish Kumar Mishra; Prakash Rajak; Akhilesh Singh Raghubanshi; Hema N. Singh
In this article, wrong Table 3 appeared; the table should have appeared as shown below. Soil total inorganic nitrogen (TIN, is µg g−1) and N-mineralisation (N-MIN, is µg g−1 month−1) under different precipitation treatments (OC, LR, NR, HR) and seasons. Values are mean ± SE. (pooled seasonal data of 2021–22) Soil properties Seasons OC LR NR HR TIN Summer 7.64 ± 0.05Ab 6.46 ± 0.10Aa 7.55 ± 0.11Ab 9.16 ± 0.08Ac Rainy 11.59 ± 0.19Cab 10.49 ± 0.16Ca 11.49 ± 0.19Cb 12.88 ± 0.21Cc Winter 8.92 ± 0.04Bb 7.62 ± 0.11Ba 9.45 ± 0.14Bb 10.92 ± 0.07Bc N MIN Summer 6.25 ± 0.05Ab 4.62 ± 0.04Aa 5.30 ± 0.05Ab 6.95 ± 0.17Ac Rainy 12.11 ± 0.28Cb 9.79 ± 0.13Ca 12.24 ± 0.32Cb 14.24 ± 0.52Cc Winter 7.50 ± 0.08Bb 5.84 ± 0.04Ba 6.59 ± 0.03Bb 8.96 ± 0.05Bc Different combinations of letters are significantly different from each other (P < 0.05). The uppercase letters represent seasons and lower case letters represent precipitation treatments The original article has been corrected. © International Society for Tropical Ecology 2025.
Decoding plant metabolomics: integrative insights into metabolic regulation
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025) Ashish Kumar Mishra; Shailza Mishra; Shivani Gupta; Supriya P. Tiwari
Plants produce an extensive array of metabolites that are crucial for their growth, development, and adaptability to environmental changes. This review elucidates the intricate networks underlying primary and secondary metabolism, accentuating the imperative for a systemic approach to decipher their interconnections under diverse environmental stimuli. We advocate for the integration of multi-omics technologies including transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics to bridge significant knowledge gaps in elucidating plant responses to abiotic and biotic disturbances, regulatory mechanisms that traverse multiple biological strata, and innovative strategies for crop enhancement. The discourse underscores the inadequacies of traditional reductionist methodologies, proposing instead a comprehensive analytical framework that captures the dynamic interplay of metabolic pathways. By synthesizing data from heterogeneous omics platforms, we aspire to construct holistic models that encapsulate both molecular mechanisms and environmental influences, thereby advancing our comprehension of plant metabolic regulation. This integrative paradigm not only augments our understanding of plant biology but also yields pragmatic insights for the development of resilient, resource-efficient crops, ultimately contributing to global food security and sustainable agricultural practices amid the exigencies of climate change. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Brazilian Society of Plant Physiology 2025.
Differential antioxidant and metabolic responses to ozone stress in ozone-sensitive and tolerant wheat cultivars treated with nitric oxide donor
(Elsevier B.V., 2025) Ashish Kumar Mishra; Shivani Gupta; Supriya P. Tiwari
Tropospheric ozone (O₃) induces oxidative stress that undermines photosynthetic efficiency, particularly in sensitive crop genotypes. In this study, we explored the redox-signalling dynamics in two contrasting wheat cultivars, O₃-sensitive HD-2987 and O₃-tolerant Kharachiya-65, under elevated O₃ and nitric oxide (NO) supplementation via sodium nitroprusside (SNP). Ozone exposure severely impaired photosynthesis in HD-2987 (−23.6 %), coupled with disruption of the ascorbate-glutathione (Asada-Halliwell) cycle and depletion of reduced glutathione (GSH). In contrast, the tolerant cultivar maintained stronger antioxidant defences and exhibited less physiological perturbation. Remarkably, SNP co-treatment alleviated O₃-induced photosynthetic inhibition in both genotypes, with a more pronounced recovery in the sensitive cultivar. The reduced Glutathione reductase (GR) and Dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) activities in HD-2987 as compared to Karachiya- 65, under O₃ + SNP, accompanied by elevated phenolics and flavonoids, indicate a potential shift in redox balance favouring secondary metabolism. These findings underscore the pivotal role of NO in modulating redox homeostasis and highlight the Asada-Halliwell pathway as a key axis of O₃ resilience, offering insights into NO-based strategies for safeguarding crop productivity under oxidative stress. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.
Divergent responses of ascorbate and glutathione pools in ozone-sensitive and ozone-tolerant wheat cultivars under elevated ozone and carbon dioxide interaction
(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Ashish Kumar Mishra; Gereraj Sen Gupta; Shashi Bhushan Agrawal; Supriya Tiwari
Crop plants face complex tropospheric ozone (O3) stress, emphasizing the need for a food security-focused management strategy. While research extensively explores O3's harmful effects, this study delves into the combined impacts of O3 and CO2. This study investigates the contrasting responses of O3-sensitive (PBW-550) and O3-resistant (HUW-55) wheat cultivars, towards elevated ozone (eO3) and elevated carbon dioxide (eCO2), both individually and in combination. The output of the present study confirms the positive effect of eCO2 on wheat cultivars exposed to eO3 stress, with more prominent effects on O3-sensitive cultivar PBW-550, as compared to the O3-resistant HUW-55. The differential response of the two wheat cultivars can be attributed to the mechanistic variations in the enzyme activities of the Halliwell-Asada pathway (AsA-GSH cycle) and the ascorbate and glutathione pool. The results indicate that eCO2 was unable to uplift the regeneration of the glutathione pool in HUW-55, however, PBW-550 responded well, under similar eO3 conditions. The study's findings, highlighting mechanistic variations in antioxidants, show a more positive yield response in PBW-550 compared to HUW-55 under ECO treatment. This insight can inform agricultural strategies, emphasizing the use of O3-sensitive cultivars for sustained productivity in future conditions with high O3 and CO2 concentrations. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.
Electrochemical Hydrogen Production Using Carbon-Based and TMDs-Based Nanomaterials As Electrocatalysts
(World Scientific Publishing Co., 2024) Rohit Kumar Gupta; Prince Kumar Maurya; Ashish Kumar Mishra
The increasing global warming, population growth, and energy crisis promote the shift toward highly efficient, nontoxic renewable energy resources. Hydrogen energy is a promising solution to meet energy demand. Among different hydrogen production methods, electrochemical water electrolysis produces complete green hydrogen. Carbon- and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs)-based nanomaterials can be used as efficient electrocatalysts for hydrogen production due to their high conductivity, large accessible surface area, flexibility, and good stability in acidic/basic medium. In this chapter, we focus on the effect of morphology, doping, and heterostructure of carbon- and TMD-based electrocatalysts that enhance the performance of electrochemical hydrogen production. © 2024 World Scientific Publishing Company.
Green Guardians: Harnessing Nature’s Wisdom for Heavy Metal Detoxification through Biological and Eco-Friendly Solutions
(CRC Press, 2024) Ashish Kumar Mishra; Shivani Gupta; Parvati Madheshiya; Gereraj Sen Gupta; Supriya Tiwari
The contamination of heavy metals, arising from industrial, mining, agricultural, and urban activities, poses significant threats to both the environment and human well-being. While traditional soil remediation approaches have shown some efficacy, they often entail habitat destruction, secondary contamination, and limitations for large-scale projects. Consequently, there is a growing interest in exploring alternative, environmentally friendly remediation strategies. Biological and eco-friendly methods leverage the natural capabilities of living organisms and materials to address heavy metal pollution. Biological techniques, such as phytoremediation, microbial remediation, and the use of genetically engineered organisms, harness the biochemical mechanisms of plants, bacteria, and algae to sequester, immobilize, or detoxify heavy metals. Eco-friendly methods utilize natural materials like organic amendments, biochar, compost, and green sorbents from agricultural waste or minerals to achieve remediation goals while enhancing soil health and ecosystem resilience. This chapter offers a comprehensive examination of these strategies, detailing their mechanisms, applications, benefits, limitations, and case studies. By bridging scientific insights with practical implementation, it aims to advance sustainable and effective approaches for combating heavy metal contamination and safeguarding both the environment and human health. © 2025 selection and editorial matter Veer Singh, Ashish Kumar, Vishal Mishra and Sachchida Nand Rai; individual chapters, the contributors.
Layer Dependence of Thermally Induced Quantum Confinement and Higher Order Phonon Scattering for Thermal Transport in CVD-Grown Triangular MoS2
(American Chemical Society, 2023) Ankita Singh; Bishnu Pada Majee; Jay Deep Gupta; Ashish Kumar Mishra
Heat dissipation and electron-phonon interaction hindering the charge carrier mobility are serious constraints for the fabrication of various integrated electronic and optoelectronic devices based on two-dimensional (2D) materials. In this paper, we examine the quantum confinement and phonon anharmonicity of different-layered MoS2, synthesized via the chemical vapor deposition technique. We explore the contribution of spin-orbit and interlayer couplings both theoretically (first-principles density functional theory) and experimentally (Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopies). Further, we demonstrate the thermally driven layer-dependent bandgap tunability in (1L, 3L, and 5L) triangular MoS2 grown over the SiO2/Si substrate. We have also scrutinized their phonon confinement behavior and thermal response in a low-temperature regime (80-300 K) using the optothermal Raman spectroscopy technique. A semiquantitative model comprising the volume and temperature effect provides insights into the nonlinear temperature-dependent phonon anharmonicity, revealing that the contribution of higher order (three) phonon scattering reduces with increasing layer numbers in MoS2. We further measure the interfacial thermal conductance (g) and thermal conductivity (ks) of synthesized MoS2, and the obtained values of g (and ks) are observed to increase (and decrease) with increasing layer number. Our study will advance the understanding of anharmonic behavior of phonons in different-layered MoS2 nanostructures for designing MoS2-based next-generation devices for various applications. © 2023 American Chemical Society.
Nano fertilizers for sustaining future farming : A review
(Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Shivani Gupta; Gereraj Sen Gupta; Parvati Madheshiya; Ashish Kumar Mishra; Supriya Tiwari
In the face of unprecedented population growth, the global agricultural sector grapples with the challenge of sustaining food production while addressing environmental and resource constraints. Conventional fertilizers, though boosting crop yields, pose challenges such as soil degradation and nutrient losses, when applied for a long period of time. The concept of “nano-farming” is introduced as a paradigm shift in agricultural innovation, leveraging nanotechnology to optimize nutrient delivery and pest management. This comprehensive review explores the intricate dynamics between population growth, conventional agricultural practices, and the transformative potential of nanofertilizers (NFs) in shaping a sustainable future for agriculture. The review delves into the multifaceted world of NFs, emphasizing their potential to revolutionize crop nourishment, enhance yields, and preserve the environment. It discusses the advantages of NFs, including controlled nutrient release, reduced environmental impact, and improved nutrient uptake efficiency. The mechanisms of NF uptake by plants, emphasizing their potential to enhance nutrient absorption, and their effects on the different plant processes, are also emphasized. This study also discusses the challenges that are expected to be faced by the incorporation of nanoparticles in agricultural sector. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd
Polymer Derived Carbon Nanostructure Electrodes for Solid-State Supercapacitor
(IOP Publishing Ltd, 2022) Shanu Mishra; Sweta Kumari; Jaidev Harjwani; Ashish Kumar Mishra
To resolve the energy storage challenges in portable electronic devices, flexible and solid-state supercapacitor are need of the hour. These devices are appealing as replacements to conventional lithium-ion batteries due to their high power density, long cycle life, chemical stability, and safety. We have synthesized sp2 hybridized porous carbon nanostructure using poly-paraphenylenediamine (PpPD) as a polymer and activated the prepared material via chemical activation for supercapacitor application. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the demonstration of poly-paraphenylenediamine (PpPD) derived N-enriched porous activated carbon (PNAC) electrode with PVA/H2SO4 electrolyte for solid-state supercapacitor (SSC) device with high energy density and excellent cyclic stability. PNAC electrodes-based SSC electrochemical studies exhibit a high specific capacitance value of 39 F g-1 at 0.2 A g-1 current density. The solid-state supercapacitor attained energy density of 21.66 Wh kg-1 at power density of 199 W kg-1 and 0.2 A g-1 current density. The symmetric solid-state supercapacitor displays an outstanding cyclic stability up to 10,000 galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) cycles. High energy density and stability of the prepared device suggests it utility in portable energy storage application. © 2022 The Electrochemical Society ("ECS"). Published on behalf of ECS by IOP Publishing Limited. [DOI: 10.1149/2162-8777/ac62ed].
Rising CO2, thriving plants: unraveling growth mechanisms and adaptive strategies
(Elsevier, 2025) Ashish Kumar Mishra; Shivani Gupta; Shailza Mishra; Parvati Madheshiya; Gereraj Sen Gupta; Supriya P. Tiwari
The unceasing escalation in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentrations exerts far-reaching impacts on the plant growth and ecosystem dynamics. This chapter delves into the intricate mechanisms by which elevated CO₂ modulates plant physiology, metabolism, and morphology, highlighting its dual role as a catalyst for growth and a mediator of stress responses. The enhanced photosynthetic efficiency and carbon assimilation under elevated CO₂ drive accelerated biomass accumulation. However, these benefits are frequently offset by the trade-offs in nutrient allocation and compromised stress tolerance. By examining key processes such as photosynthetic pathways, hormonal regulation, source-sink dynamics, and secondary metabolism, this chapter provides an integrative perspective on plant adaptation to elevated CO₂ conditions. Moreover, the interplay between elevated CO₂ and environmental stressors, including nutrient limitations, ozone toxicity, and water scarcity, underscores the complexity of plant-environment interactions in a shifting climate. Advances in experimental methodologies, such as free-air CO₂ enrichment systems and multiomics approaches, have yielded transformative insights into plant responses. Concurrently, predictive modeling serves as a cornerstone for devising sustainable agricultural strategies under future climate scenarios. Despite significant progress, critical knowledge gaps persist, necessitating interdisciplinary research to unravel the multifaceted challenges posed by the rising atmospheric CO₂ and its synergistic interactions with other climatic stressors. © 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Role of stomatal and leaf anatomical features in defining plant performance under elevated carbon dioxide and ozone, in the changing climate scenario
(Springer, 2025) Ashish Kumar Mishra; Shivani Gupta; Shahibhushan Agrawal; Supriya P. Tiwari
This research investigates the interactive effects of elevated ozone (eO3) and carbon dioxide (eCO2) on stomatal morphology and leaf anatomical characteristics in two wheat cultivars with varying O3 sensitivities. Elevated O3 increased stomatal density and conductance, causing oxidative stress and cellular damage, particularly in the O3-sensitive cultivar PBW-550 (PW), compared to HUW-55 (HW). Conversely, eCO2 reduced stomatal density and pore size, mitigating O3-induced damage by limiting O3 influx. Ultrastructural analysis showed that eO3 increased plastoglobule density and damaged chloroplast structure, while eCO2 preserved chloroplast integrity and enhanced photosynthetic efficiency. Additionally, eCO2 increased leaf thickness and improved mesophyll conductance, counteracting the negative effects of O3 on leaf anatomy. The CO2-induced modifications in stomatal and leaf anatomy significantly impacted plant physiology by altering stomatal conductance and O3 uptake. The protective effect of eCO2 was more pronounced in the O3-sensitive cultivar PW than in the O3-tolerant HW. These findings provide insights into the stomatal and leaf anatomical responses of plants under future climate conditions, aiding in the developing strategies to improve crop resilience and productivity under O3 stress. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Properties of Carbon Nanostructures
(World Scientific Publishing Co., 2024) Shanu Mishra; Ankita Singh; Ashish Kumar Mishra
Carbon nanomaterials, especially graphene and carbon nanotubes (CNTs), are among the most widely studied materials owing to their unique properties spanning from high specific surface area, to excellent electrical and thermal conductivities, flexibility, and optical properties [Smith & Rodrigues, 2015; Yu et al., 2013]. Carbon nanomaterials show significant promises as electrode materials, conductive agents, etc., in energy generation and storage. This chapter focusses on synthesis, characterization, and key properties of carbon nanomaterials such as graphene and CNTs. We have briefly discussed different methods of synthesis of graphene and CNTs and the properties resulting from these methods. © 2024 World Scientific Publishing Company.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Properties of TMDs Nanostructures
(World Scientific Publishing Co., 2024) Ankita Singh; Ashish Kumar Mishra
In the last two decades, vibrant worldwide research on two-dimensional (2D) materials triggered significant attention owing to their outstanding electrical, mechanical, and optical properties. Among 2D materials, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) such as MoS2, MoSe2, and WS2 are a large family of layered materials that exhibits peculiar and fascinating properties leading to unlimited potential in electronics, optoelectronics, and energy storage applications. The characteristics and properties of these TMDs determine their utilization in energy generation and storage applications. This chapter intends to discuss the various synthesis routes, mainly categorized into two types of approaches, namely top-down and bottom-up. Furthermore, the characterization techniques along with some of the key properties of TMD nanostructures are also discussed. © 2024 World Scientific Publishing Company.