Browsing by Author "Ashok Pandey"

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Biochar for remediation of agrochemicals and synthetic organic dyes from environmental samples: A review
(Elsevier Ltd, 2021) Ravindra Kumar Gautam; Mandavi Goswami; Rakesh K. Mishra; Preeti Chaturvedi; Mukesh Kumar Awashthi; Ram Sharan Singh; Balendu Shekhar Giri; Ashok Pandey
Application of agrochemicals in farming sector to control insects and pests; and use of synthetic organic dyes to color the products are increasing continuously due to the rapid growth of industries. During the application process many industries releases toxic agrochemicals and dyes in to the aquatic environment and on land without the proper treatment. Due to their toxicity the disposal of such chemicals is of utmost importance. Biochar offers the ability to remediate these substances from environmental matrices because of their high sorption ability of pollutants from water and soil. This review highlights the development and advancement of biochar-based treatment for abatement of agrochemicals and synthetic organic dyes, involving its technical aspects and the variables connected with removing these kinds of pollutants. Several optimization parameters like temperature, pH, chemical concentration, biochar properties, time, and co-existing ions have been elaborated. Literature survey shows that most of the researches on biochar application have been conducted in the batch mode. Hence there is an urgent need to apply this beneficial technique for the remediation of pollutants at the larger scale in the real water and soil samples. A comprehensive summary on sorption kinetics and adsorption isotherms with regards to pollutant removal is also presented. This review also covers the cost analysis of various techniques where biochar has been used as an adsorbent. Thus this review makes an easy roadmap for the further development in biochar and biochar based composites and expansion of these demanding areas of research in biochar and their applications. © 2021
Current Developments in Biotechnology and Bioengineering: Crop Modification, Nutrition, and Food Production
(Elsevier Inc., 2016) Suresh Kumar Dubey; Ashok Pandey; Rajender Singh Sangwan
Current Developments in Biotechnology and Bioengineering: Crop Modification, Nutrition, and Food Production provides extensive coverage of new developments, state-of-the-art technologies, and potential future trends, presenting data-based scientific knowledge on agribiotechnology and describing world agriculture and the role biotechnology can play in ensuring food security over the next fifty years. The book discusses the effects of climate change in agriculture and the resultant emergence of new crops, including drought tolerant and more nutritious plants. In addition, the book discusses insect and virus resistance in plants and outlines plant metabolic engineering for agriculture, genetically engineered plants, and microbial diseases. Highlights recent developments in agriculture due to biotechnology. Relates the effect of climate change in agriculture to the development of new crops. Describes the application of metabolic engineering in the development of new genetically modified plants. © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Global, regional, and national burden of stroke and its risk factors, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
(Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Valery L Feigin; Melsew Dagne Abate; Yohannes Habtegiorgis Abate; Samar Abd ElHafeez; Foad Abd-Allah; Ahmed Abdelalim; Atef Abdelkader; Michael Abdelmasseh; Sherief Abd-Elsalam; Parsa Abdi; Arash Abdollahi; Meriem Abdoun; Rami Abd-Rabu; Deldar Morad Abdulah; Auwal Abdullahi; Mesfin Abebe; Roberto Ariel Abeldaño Zuñiga; E.S. Abhilash; Olugbenga Olusola Abiodun; Olumide Abiodun; Rahim Abo Kasem; Richard Gyan Aboagye; Mohamed Abouzid; Lucas Guimarães Abreu; Woldu Aberhe Abrha; Dariush Abtahi; Samir Abu Rumeileh; Ahmed Abualhasan; Hasan Abualruz; Eman Abu-Gharbieh; Hana J Abukhadijah; Niveen ME Abu-Rmeileh; Salahdein Aburuz; Ahmed Abu-Zaid; Juan Manuel Acuna; Denberu Eshetie Adane; Mesafint Molla Adane; Isaac Yeboah Addo; Rufus Adesoji Adedoyin; Oyelola A Adegboye; Victor Adekanmbi; Kishor Adhikari; Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani; Saryia Adra; Leticia Akua Adzigbli; Abdelrahman Yousry Afify; Aanuoluwapo Adeyimika Afolabi; Fatemeh Afrashteh; Muhammad Sohail Afzal; Saira Afzal; Shahin Aghamiri; Williams Agyemang-Duah; Bright Opoku Ahinkorah; Aqeel Ahmad; Muayyad M Ahmad; Sajjad Ahmad; Shahzaib Ahmad; Tauseef Ahmad; Amir Mahmoud Ahmadzade; Ali Ahmed; Ayman Ahmed; Haroon Ahmed; Syed Anees Ahmed; Marjan Ajami; Budi Aji; Essona Matatom Akara; Rufus Olusola Akinyemi; Mohammed Ahmed Akkaif; Ashley E Akrami; Salah Al Awaidy; Hanadi Al Hamad; Syed Mahfuz Al Hasan; Mohammad Al Qadire; Omar Al Ta'ani; Yazan Al-Ajlouni; Samer O Alalalmeh; Tariq A Alalwan; Ziyad Al-Aly; Rasmieh Mustafa Al-amer; Wafa A Aldhaleei; Mohammed S Aldossary; Seyedeh Yasaman Alemohammad; Bassam Al-Fatly; Adel Ali Saeed Al-Gheethi; Fadwa Naji Alhalaiqa; Maryam Alharrasi; Abid Ali; Mohammed Usman Ali; Rafat Ali; Syed Shujait Ali; Waad Ali; Akram Al-Ibraheem; Sheikh Mohammad Alif; Syed Mohamed Aljunid; Wael Almahmeed; Sabah Al-Marwani; Mahmoud A Alomari; Jordi Alonso; Jaber S Alqahtani; Rajaa M Mohammad Al-Raddadi; Ahmad Alrawashdeh; Mohammed A Alsabri; Najim Z Alshahrani; Zaid Altaany; Awais Altaf; Alaa B Al-Tammemi; Diala Altwalbeh; Nelson Alvis-Guzman; Hassan Alwafi; Mohammad Al-Wardat; Yaser Mohammed Al-Worafi; Hany Aly; Safwat Aly; Mohammad Sharif Ibrahim Alyahya; Karem H Alzoubi; Walid Adnan Al-Zyoud; Reza Amani; Prince M Amegbor; Tewodros Getnet Amera; Tarek Tawfik Amin; Alireza Amindarolzarbi; Sohrab Amiri; Hubert Amu; Dickson A Amugsi; Ganiyu Adeniyi Amusa; Robert Ancuceanu; Deanna Anderlini; Dhanalakshmi Angappan; Abhishek Anil; Mohammed Tahir Tahir Ansari; Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam; Rockson Ansong; Saeid Anvari; Saleha Anwar; Sumadi Lukman Anwar; Ekenedilichukwu Emmanuel Anyabolo; Anayochukwu Edward Anyasodor; Geminn Louis Carace Apostol; Francis Appiah; Muhammad Aqeel; Jalal Arabloo; Razman Arabzadeh Bahri; Mosab Arafat; Aleksandr Y Aravkin; Ali Ardekani; Demelash Areda; Brhane Berhe Aregawi; Getnet Mesfin Aregu; Olatunde Aremu; Hidayat Arifin; Johan Ärnlöv; Anton A Artamonov; Judie Arulappan; Umesh Raj Aryal; Zahra Aryan; Akram M Asbeutah; Mulusew A Asemahagn; Mulu Tiruneh Asemu; Mohammad Asghari-Jafarabadi; Mubarek Yesse Ashemo; Tahira Ashraf; Armin Aslani; Haftu Asmerom Asmerom; Thomas Astell-Burt; Seyyed Shamsadin Athari; Prince Atorkey; Maha Moh'd Wahbi Atout; Alok Atreya; Avinash Aujayeb; Marcel Ausloos; Abolfazl Avan; Hamzeh Awad; Adedapo Wasiu Awotidebe; Lemessa Assefa A Ayana; Setognal Birara Aychiluhm; Amdehiwot A Aynalem; Zewdu Bishaw Aynalem; Sina Azadnajafabad; Hiva Azami; Shahkaar Aziz; Ahmed Y Azzam; Abraham Samuel Babu; Giridhara Rathnaiah Babu; Muhammad Badar; Ashish D Badiye; Pegah Bahrami Taghanaki; Saeed Bahramian; Ruhai Bai; Atif Amin Baig; Shankar M Bakkannavar; Abdulaziz T Bako; Ovidiu Constantin Baltatu; Kiran Bam; Maciej Banach; Morteza Banakar; Soham Bandyopadhyay; Palash Chandra Banik; Kannu Bansal; Yanping Bao; Miguel A Barboza; Mainak Bardhan; Noel C Barengo; Suzanne Lyn Barker-Collo; Till Winfried Bärnighausen; Hiba Jawdat Barqawi; Amadou Barrow; Lingkan Barua; Azadeh Bashiri; Hameed Akande Bashiru; Afisu Basiru; Mohammad-Mahdi Bastan; Sanjay Basu; Saurav Basu; Kavita Batra; Ahmet Begde; Babak Behnam; Amir Hossein Behnoush; Melesse B Y Belayneh; Michael Belingheri; Umar Muhammad Bello; Derrick A Bennett; Isabela M Bensenor; Fentaw Tadese Berhe; Amiel Nazer C Bermudez; Habtamu B B Beyene; Kebede A Beyene; Devidas S Bhagat; Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula; Neeraj Bhala; Ashish Bhalla; Nikha Bhardwaj; Pankaj Bhardwaj; Sonu Bhaskar; Ajay Nagesh Bhat; Vivek Bhat; Gurjit Kaur Bhatti; Jasvinder Singh Singh Bhatti; Mohiuddin Ahmed Bhuiyan; Subarna Bhusal; Boris Bikbov; Cem Bilgin; Antonio Biondi; Keralem Anteneh Bishaw; Atanu Biswas; Bijit Biswas; Trupti Bodhare; Eyob Ketema Bogale; Archith Boloor; Milad Bonakdar Hashemi; Aime Bonny; Berrak Bora Basara; Hamed Borhany; Samuel Adolf Bosoka; Souad Bouaoud; Abdelhakim Bouyahya; Edward J Boyko; Marija M Bozic; Dejana Braithwaite; Susanne Breitner; Hermann Brenner; Gabrielle Britton; Andre R Brunoni; Dana Bryazka; Raffaele Bugiardini; Lemma N Bulto; Katrin Burkart; Yasser Bustanji; Zahid A Butt; Florentino Luciano Caetano dos Santos; Luis Alberto Cámera; Luciana Aparecida Campos; Ismael R Campos-Nonato; Fan Cao; Angelo Capodici; Rosario Cárdenas; Sinclair Carr; Giulia Carreras; Andre F Carvalho; Felix Carvalho; Joao Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia; Carlos A Castañeda-Orjuela; Giulio Castelpietra; Alberico L Catapano; Maria Sofia Cattaruzza; Luca Cegolon; Francieli Cembranel; Edina Cenko; Ester Cerin; Joshua Chadwick; Chiranjib Chakraborty; Sandip Chakraborty; Jeffrey Shi Kai Chan; Rama Mohan Chandika; Eeshwar K Chandrasekar; Gashaw Sisay Chanie; Vijay Kumar Chattu; Anis Ahmad Chaudhary; Akhilanand Chaurasia; Haowei Chen; Mingling Chen; Simiao Chen; Gerald Chi; Fatemeh Chichagi; Ritesh Chimoriya; Patrick R Ching; Abdulaal Chitheer; So Mi Jemma Cho; Dong-Woo Choi; Bryan Chong; Chean Lin Chong; Hitesh Chopra; Sonali Gajanan Choudhari; Rahul Choudhary; Dinh-Toi Chu; Isaac Sunday Chukwu; Sheng-Chia Chung; Zinhle Cindi; Iolanda Cioffi; Rebecca M Cogen; Alyssa Columbus; Simona Costanzo; Rosa A S Couto; Michael H Criqui; Natalia Cruz-Martins; Silvia Magali Cuadra-Hernández; Alanna Gomes da Silva; Sriharsha Dadana; Omid Dadras; Xiaochen Dai; Koustuv Dalal; Lachlan L Dalli; Giovanni Damiani; Emanuele D'Amico; Lalit Dandona; Rakhi Dandona; Amira Hamed Darwish; Saswati Das; Mohsen Dashti; Mohadese Dashtkoohi; Mohammad Dashtkoohi; Maedeh Dastmardi; Kairat Davletov; Vanessa De la Cruz-Góngora; Sean DeAngelo; Aklilu Tamire Debele; Shayom Debopadhaya; Ivan Delgado-Enciso; Berecha Hundessa Demessa; Andreas K Demetriades; Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez; Emina Dervišević; Hardik Dineshbhai Desai; Aragaw Tesfaw Desale; Fikreab Desta; Vinoth Gnana Chellaiyan Devanbu; Devananda Devegowda; Syed Masudur Rahman Dewan; Amol S Dhane; Meghnath Dhimal; Vishal R Dhulipala; Michael J Diaz; Mengistie Diress; Milad Dodangeh; Phidelia Theresa Doegah; Sushil Dohare; Mohamed Fahmy Doheim; Klara Georgieva Dokova; Deepa Dongarwar; Mario D'Oria; Ojas Prakashbhai Doshi; Rajkumar Prakashbhai Doshi; Abdel Douiri; Robert Kokou Dowou; Ashel Chelsea Dsouza; Haneil Larson Dsouza; Viola Savy Dsouza; Bruce B Duncan; Andre Rodrigues Duraes; Arkadiusz Marian Dziedzic; Michael Ekholuenetale; Ibrahim Farahat El Bayoumy; Maysaa El Sayed Zaki; Iffat Elbarazi; Faris El-Dahiyat; Islam Y Elgendy; Muhammed Elhadi; Waseem El-Huneidi; Mohamed A Elmonem; Adel B Elmoselhi; Chadi Eltaha; Theophilus I Emeto; Christopher Imokhuede Esezobor; Negin Esfandiari; Zahra Esmaeili; Francesco Esposito; Mohammad Etoom; Natalia Fabin; Ibtihal Fadhil; Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe; Omotayo Francis Fagbule; Shahriar Faghani; Ayesha Fahim; Ildar Ravisovich Fakhradiyev; Luca Falzone; Mohammad Fareed; Jawad Fares; Carla Sofia e Sá Farinha; MoezAlIslam Ezzat Mahmoud Faris; Pawan Sirwan Faris; Mohsen Farjoud Kouhanjani; Andre Faro; Hossein Farrokhpour; Abidemi Omolara Fasanmi; Nelsensius Klau Fauk; Patrick Fazeli; Timur Fazylov; Alireza Feizkhah; Ginenus Fekadu; Xiaoqi Feng; Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad; Pietro Ferrara; Nuno Ferreira; Getahun Fetensa; Bikila Regassa Feyisa; Florian Fischer; Luisa S Flor; Kristen Marie Foley; Ana Catarina Fonseca; Roham Foroumadi; Behzad Foroutan; Daniela Fortuna; Matteo Foschi; Richard Charles Franklin; Ni Kadek Yuni Fridayani; Sridevi G; Peter Andras Gaal; Abhay Motiramji Gaidhane; Abduzhappar Gaipov; Yaseen Galali; Silvano Gallus; Aravind P Gandhi; Balasankar Ganesan; Danijela Gasevic; Prem Gautam; Rupesh K Gautam; Miglas Welay Gebregergis; Mesfin Gebrehiwot; Kebre Gebrekirstos Gebrekidan; Lemma Getacher; Genanew K Getahun; Molla Getie; Delaram J Ghadimi; Fataneh Ghadirian; Amir Ghaffari Jolfayi; Mansour Ghafourifard; Mohammad-Reza Ghasemi; Afsaneh Ghasemzadeh; Ramy Mohamed Ghazy; Ehsan Gholami; Zainab Gholami; Sherief Ghozy; Stefano Giannoni Luza; Jaleed Ahmed Gilani; Tiffany K Gill; Richard F Gillum; Ebisa Zerihun Gindaba; Elena V Gnedovskaya; Amit Goel; Mohamad Goldust; Mahaveer Golechha; Pouya Goleij; Davide Golinelli; Philimon N Gona; Giuseppe Gorini; Alessandra C Goulart; Barbara Niegia Garcia Goulart; Mahdi Gouravani; Michal Grivna; Giuseppe Grosso; Ashna Grover; Shi-Yang Guan; Giovanni Guarducci; Avirup Guha; Stefano Guicciardi; Snigdha Gulati; Damitha Asanga Gunawardane; Cui Guo; Zhifeng Guo; Anish Kumar Gupta; Bhawna Gupta; Mohak Gupta; Rahul Gupta; Rajat Das Gupta; Rajeev Gupta; Sapna Gupta; Farrokh Habibzadeh; Najah R Hadi; Mohammad Haghani Dogahe; Hamed Haghi-Aminjan; Dariush Haghmorad; Arvin Haj-Mirzaian; Aram Halimi; Nadia M Hamdy; Samer Hamidi; Erin B Hamilton; Asif Hanif; Nasrin Hanifi; Graeme J Hankey; Md Abdul Hannan; Zaim Anan Haq; Arief Hargono; Netanja I Harlianto; Josep Maria Haro; Eka Mishbahatul Marah Has; Ahmed I Hasaballah; Ikramul Hasan; Md Saquib Hasnain; Ikrama Hassan; Mahgol Sadat Hassan Zadeh Tabatabaei; Johannes Haubold; Rasmus J Havmoeller; Simon I Hay; Youssef Hbid; Jeffrey J Hebert; Omar E Hegazi; Mohammad Heidari; Mehdi Hemmati; Demisu Zenbaba Heyi; Kamal Hezam; Yuta Hiraike; Nguyen Quoc Hoan; Ramesh Holla; Nobuyuki Horita; Md Mahbub Hossain; Hassan Hosseinzadeh; Mehdi Hosseinzadeh; Ahmad Hosseinzadeh Adli; Mihaela Hostiuc; Sorin Hostiuc; Ben Hu; Chengxi Hu; Junjie Huang; Ayesha Humayun; Salman Hussain; Le Duc Huy; Hong-Han Huynh; Bing-Fang Hwang; Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye; Nayu Ikeda; Adalia Ikiroma; Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi; Irena M Ilic; Milena D Ilic; Mohammad Tarique Imam; Mustapha Immurana; Leeberk Raja Inbaraj; Muhammad Iqhrammullah; Arnaud Iradukunda; Lalu Muhammad Irham; Md Rabiul Islam; Faisal Ismail; Nahlah Elkudssiah Ismail; Hiroyasu Iso; Gaetano Isola; Ramaiah Itumalla; Masao Iwagami; Chidozie Declan CD Iwu; Vinothini J; Jalil Jaafari; Louis Jacob; Abdollah Jafarzadeh; Haitham Jahrami; Akhil Jain; Nityanand Jain; Ammar Abdulrahman Jairoun; Abhishek Jaiswal; Mihajlo Jakovljevic; Reza Jalilzadeh Yengejeh; Balamurugan Janakiraman; Abubakar Ibrahim Jatau; Sathish Kumar Jayapal; Shubha Jayaram; Sun Ha Jee; Jayakumar Jeganathan; Mihretu Jegnie; Alelign Tasew Jema; Bijay Mukesh Jeswani; Angeline Jeyakumar; Anil K Jha; Ravi Prakash Jha; Zixiang Ji; Heng Jiang; Shuai Jin; Yingzhao Jin; Mohammad Jokar; Jost B Jonas; Tamas Joo; Jobinse Jose; Nitin Joseph; Charity Ehimwenma Joshua; Farahnaz Joukar; Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak; Mikk Jürisson; Ali Kabir; Md Awal Kabir; Zubair Kabir; Vidya Kadashetti; Rizwan Kalani; Sanjay Kalra; Vineet Kumar Kamal; Arun Kamireddy; Haidong Kan; Mona Kanaan; Himal Kandel; Kehinde Kazeem Kanmodi; Rami S Kantar; Neeti Kapoor; Paschalis Karakasis; Ibraheem M Karaye; André Karch; Hanie Karimi; Salah Eddin Karimi; Yeganeh Karimi; Arman Karimi Behnagh; Prabin Karki; Hengameh Kasraei; Joonas H Kauppila; Harkiran Kaur; Neda Kaydi; Gbenga A Kayode; Foad Kazemi; Sina Kazemian; Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot; Yousef Saleh Khader; Morteza Abdullatif Khafaie; Inn Kynn Khaing; Himanshu Khajuria; Amirmohammad Khalaji; Nauman Khalid; Anees Ahmed Khalil; Asaduzzaman Khan; Fayaz Khan; M Nuruzzaman Khan; Maseer Khan; Mohammad Jobair Khan; Moien AB Khan; Yusra H Khan; Shaghayegh Khanmohammadi; Khaled Khatab; Haitham Khatatbeh; Moawiah Mohammad Khatatbeh; Sorour Khateri; Mahalaqua Nazli Khatib; Maryam Khayamzadeh; Hamid Reza Khayat Kashani; Feriha Fatima Khidri; Manoj Khokhar; Atulya Aman Khosla; Majid Khosravi; Jagdish Khubchandani; Saeid Kian; Kwanghyun Kim; Min Seo Kim; Yun Jin Kim; Ruth W Kimokoti; Adnan Kisa; Sezer Kisa; Ali-Asghar Kolahi; Kamrun Nahar Koly; Farzad Kompani; Shivakumar KM Marulasiddaiah Kondlahalli; Miikka Korja; Vladimir Andreevich Korshunov; Oleksii Korzh; Soewarta Kosen; Karel Kostev; Nikhil Kothari; Ashwin Laxmikant Kotnis; Sindhura Lakshmi Koulmane Laxminarayana; Kewal Krishan; Varun Krishna; Vijay Krishnamoorthy; Bindu Krishnan; Jera Kruja; Barthelemy Kuate Defo; Burcu Kucuk Bicer; Md Abdul Kuddus; Mohammed Kuddus; Nuworza Kugbey; Mukhtar Kulimbet; Vishnutheertha Kulkarni; Akshay Kumar; Ashish Kumar; Dewesh Kumar; G Anil Kumar; Nithin Kumar; Rakesh Kumar; Senthil Kumaran D; Amartya Kundu; Satyajit Kundu; Setor K Kunutsor; Om P Kurmi; Dian Kusuma; L V Simhachalam Kutikuppala; Ambily Kuttikkattu; Ville Kytö; Carlo La Vecchia; Ben Lacey; Chandrakant Lahariya; Dharmesh Kumar Lal; Tea Lallukka; Judit Lám; Iván Landires; Anders O Larsson; Savita Lasrado; Kaveh Latifinaibin; Paolo Lauriola; Pablo M Lavados; Basira Kankia Lawal; Long Khanh Dao Le; Nhi Huu Hanh Le; Thao Thi Thu Le; Trang Diep Thanh Le; Paul H Lee; Seung Won Lee; Wei-Chen Lee; Yo Han Lee; Ming-Chieh Li; Wei Li; Xiaopan Li; Yichong Li; Lee-Ling Lim; Stephen S Lim; John C Lin; Daniel Lindholm; Shai Linn; Gang Liu; Runben Liu; Shuke Liu; Xiaofeng Liu; Xuefeng Liu; Erand Llanaj; Chun-Han Lo; Warren David Lo; Valerie Lohner; José Francisco López-Gil; László Lorenzovici; Stefan Lorkowski; Paulo A Lotufo; Giancarlo Lucchetti; Lisha Luo; Jay B Lusk; Zheng Feei Ma; Monika Machoy; Farzan Madadizadeh; Ralph Maddison; Elham Mahmoudi; Golnaz Mahmoudvand; Omar M Makram; Elaheh Malakan Rad; Kashish Malhotra; Ahmad Azam Malik; Iram Malik; Tauqeer Hussain Mallhi; Deborah Carvalho Malta; Abdullah A Mamun; Yosef Manla; Mohammad Hadi Mansouri; Pejman Mansouri; Vahid Mansouri; Mohammad Ali Mansournia; Lorenzo Giovanni Mantovani; Emmanuel Manu; Hamid Reza Marateb; Abdoljalal Marjani; Daniela Martini; Santi Martini; Miquel Martorell; Sharmeen Maryam; Roy Rillera Marzo; Awoke Masrie; Yasith Mathangasinghe; Pallab K Maulik; Mahsa Mayeli; Mohsen Mazidi; Martin McKee; Steven M McPhail; Enkeleint A Mechili; Asim Mehmood; Kamran Mehrabani-Zeinabad; Tesfahun Mekene Meto; Hadush Negash Meles; Walter Mendoza; Ritesh G Menezes; George A Mensah; Sultan Ayoub Meo; Atte Meretoja; Tuomo J Meretoja; Tomislav Mestrovic; Chamila Dinushi Kukulege Mettananda; Tomasz Miazgowski; Irmina Maria Michalek; Ana Carolina Micheletti Gomide Nogueira de Sá; Giuseppe Minervini; Le Huu Nhat Minh; G.K. Mini; Mojgan Mirghafourvand; Andreea Mirica; Erkin M Mirrakhimov; Mohammad Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari; Manish Mishra; Sanjeev Misra; Prasanna Mithra; Ahmed Ismail Mohamed; Jama Mohamed; Nouh Saad Mohamed; Ameen Mosa Mohammad; Esmaeil Mohammadi; Saeed Mohammadi; Soheil Mohammadi; Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani; Ibrahim Mohammadzadeh; Hussen Mohammed; Mustapha Mohammed; Salahuddin Mohammed; Shafiu Mohammed; Ali H Mokdad; Hossein Molavi Vardanjani; Mariam Molokhia; Shaher Momani; Lorenzo Monasta; Mohammad Ali Moni; Fateme Montazeri; AmirAli Moodi Ghalibaf; Mahmood Moosazadeh; Maryam Moradi; Yousef Moradi; Paula Moraga; Lidia Morawska; Rafael Silveira Moreira; Shane Douglas Morrison; Reza Mosaddeghi Heris; Elias Mossialos; Parsa Mousavi; Ahmed Msherghi; Sumaira Mubarik; Lorenzo Muccioli; Admir Mulita; Malaisamy Muniyandi; Kavita Munjal; Efren Murillo-Zamora; Sathish Muthu; Woojae Myung; Amin Nabavi; Ashraf Fawzy Nabhan; Ayoub Nafei; Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan; Pirouz Naghavi; Ganesh R Naik; Gurudatta Naik; Mukhammad David Naimzada; Sanjeev Nair; Tapas Sadasivan Nair; Soroush Najdaghi; Hastyar Hama Rashid Najmuldeen; Noureddin Nakhostin Ansari; Vinay Nangia; Sreenivas Narasimha Swamy; Shumaila Nargus; Delaram Narimani Davani; Bruno Ramos Nascimento; Gustavo G Nascimento; Ali Nasrollahizadeh; Amir Nasrollahizadeh; Zuhair S Natto; Javaid Nauman; Samidi Nirasha Kumari Navaratna; Biswa Prakash Nayak; Vinod C Nayak; Athare Nazri-Panjaki; Rawlance Ndejjo; Ionut Negoi; Ruxandra Irina Negoi; Seyed Aria Nejadghaderi; Chakib Nejjari; Mohammad Hadi Nematollahi; Samata Nepal; Charles Richard James Newton; Dang H Nguyen; Duc Hoang Nguyen; Hau Thi Hien Nguyen; Hien Quang Nguyen; Nhien Ngoc Y Nguyen; Phat Tuan Nguyen; Van Thanh Nguyen; Robina Khan Niazi; Yeshambel T Nigatu; Nasrin Nikravangolsefid; Dina Nur Anggraini Ningrum; Chukwudi A Nnaji; Lawrence Achilles Nnyanzi; Shuhei Nomura; Syed Toukir Ahmed Noor; Bo Norrving; Nawsherwan Nawsherwan; Jean Jacques Noubiap; Chisom Adaobi Nri-Ezedi; George Ntaios; Mpiko Ntsekhe; Fred Nugen; Mario Cesare Nurchis; Dieta Nurrika; Chimezie Igwegbe Nzoputam; Ogochukwu Janet Nzoputam; Bogdan Oancea; Kehinde O Obamiro; Ismail A Odetokun; Martin James O'Donnell; James Odhiambo Oguta; In-Hwan Oh; Tolulope R Ojo-Akosile; Hassan Okati-Aliabad; Sylvester Reuben Okeke; Akinkunmi Paul Okekunle; Lawrence Okidi; Osaretin Christabel Okonji; Morteza Oladnabi; Andrew T Olagunju; Muideen Tunbosun Olaiya; Oladotun Victor Olalusi; Tosin Abiola Olasehinde; Omotola O Olasupo; Matthew Idowu Olatubi; Arão Belitardo Oliveira; Gláucia Maria Moraes Oliveira; Abdulhakeem Abayomi Olorukooba; Isaac Iyinoluwa Olufadewa; Yinka Doris Doris Oluwafemi; Gideon Olamilekan Oluwatunase; Hany A Omar; Ahmed Omar Bali; Adrienne E O'Neil; Sok King Ong; Obinna E Onwujekwe; Abdulahi Opejin Opejin; Michal Ordak; Raffaele Ornello; Doris V Ortega-Altamirano; Alberto Ortiz; Esteban Ortiz-Prado; Wael M S Osman; Uchechukwu Levi Osuagwu; Stanislav S Otstavnov; Mayowa O Owolabi; Ifeoluwa Temitayo Oyeyemi; Ahmad Ozair; Mahesh Padukudru P A; Kevin Pacheco-Barrios; Alicia Padron-Monedero; Jagadish Rao Padubidri; Tamás Palicz; Raul Felipe Palma-Alvarez; Feng Pan; Songhomitra Panda-Jonas; Deepshikha Pande Katare; Anamika Pandey; Ashok Pandey; Seithikurippu R Pandi-Perumal; Leonidas D Panos; Ioannis Pantazopoulos; Paraskevi Papadopoulou; Shahina Pardhan; Pragyan Paramita Parija
Background: Up-to-date estimates of stroke burden and attributable risks and their trends at global, regional, and national levels are essential for evidence-based health care, prevention, and resource allocation planning. We aimed to provide such estimates for the period 1990–2021. Methods: We estimated incidence, prevalence, death, and disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) counts and age-standardised rates per 100 000 people per year for overall stroke, ischaemic stroke, intracerebral haemorrhage, and subarachnoid haemorrhage, for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021. We also calculated burden of stroke attributable to 23 risk factors and six risk clusters (air pollution, tobacco smoking, behavioural, dietary, environmental, and metabolic risks) at the global and regional levels (21 GBD regions and Socio-demographic Index [SDI] quintiles), using the standard GBD methodology. 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) for each individual future estimate were derived from the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles of distributions generated from propagating 500 draws through the multistage computational pipeline. Findings: In 2021, stroke was the third most common GBD level 3 cause of death (7·3 million [95% UI 6·6–7·8] deaths; 10·7% [9·8–11·3] of all deaths) after ischaemic heart disease and COVID-19, and the fourth most common cause of DALYs (160·5 million [147·8–171·6] DALYs; 5·6% [5·0–6·1] of all DALYs). In 2021, there were 93·8 million (89·0–99·3) prevalent and 11·9 million (10·7–13·2) incident strokes. We found disparities in stroke burden and risk factors by GBD region, country or territory, and SDI, as well as a stagnation in the reduction of incidence from 2015 onwards, and even some increases in the stroke incidence, death, prevalence, and DALY rates in southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania, countries with lower SDI, and people younger than 70 years. Globally, ischaemic stroke constituted 65·3% (62·4–67·7), intracerebral haemorrhage constituted 28·8% (28·3–28·8), and subarachnoid haemorrhage constituted 5·8% (5·7–6·0) of incident strokes. There were substantial increases in DALYs attributable to high BMI (88·2% [53·4–117·7]), high ambient temperature (72·4% [51·1 to 179·5]), high fasting plasma glucose (32·1% [26·7–38·1]), diet high in sugar-sweetened beverages (23·4% [12·7–35·7]), low physical activity (11·3% [1·8–34·9]), high systolic blood pressure (6·7% [2·5–11·6]), lead exposure (6·5% [4·5–11·2]), and diet low in omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (5·3% [0·5–10·5]). Interpretation: Stroke burden has increased from 1990 to 2021, and the contribution of several risk factors has also increased. Effective, accessible, and affordable measures to improve stroke surveillance, prevention (with the emphasis on blood pressure, lifestyle, and environmental factors), acute care, and rehabilitation need to be urgently implemented across all countries to reduce stroke burden. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license
Global, regional, and national progress towards Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 for neonatal and child health: all-cause and cause-specific mortality findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
(Elsevier B.V., 2021) Katherine R. Paulson; Aruna M. Kamath; Tahiya Alam; Kelly Bienhoff; Gdiom Gebreheat Abady; Jaffar Abbas; Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari; Hedayat Abbastabar; Foad Abd-Allah; Sherief M. Abd-Elsalam; Amir Abdoli; Aidin Abedi; Hassan Abolhassani; Lucas Guimarães Abreu; Eman Abu-Gharbieh; Niveen M. E. Abu-Rmeileh; Abdelrahman I. Abushouk; Aishatu L. Adamu; Oladimeji M. Adebayo; Adeyinka Emmanuel Adegbosin; Victor Adekanmbi; Olatunji O. Adetokunboh; Daniel Adedayo Adeyinka; Jose C. Adsuar; Khashayar Afshari; Mohammad Aghaali; Marcela Agudelo-Botero; Bright Opoku Ahinkorah; Tauseef Ahmad; Keivan Ahmadi; Muktar Beshir Ahmed; Budi Aji; Yonas Akalu; Oluwaseun Oladapo Akinyemi; Addis Aklilu; Ziyad Al-Aly; Khurshid Alam; Fahad Mashhour Alanezi; Turki M. Alanzi; Jacqueline Elizabeth Alcalde-Rabanal; Ayman Al-Eyadhy; Tilahun Ali; Gianfranco Alicandro; Sheikh Mohammad Alif; Vahid Alipour; Hesam Alizade; Syed Mohamed Aljunid; Amir Almasi-Hashiani; Nihad A. Almasri; Hesham M. Al-Mekhlafi; Jordi Alonso; Rajaa M. Al-Raddadi; Khalid A. Altirkawi; Arwa Khalid Alumran; Nelson Alvis-Guzman; Nelson J. Alvis-Zakzuk; Edward Kwabena Ameyaw; Saeed Amini; Mostafa Amini-Rarani; Arianna Maever L. Amit; Dickson A. Amugsi; Robert Ancuceanu; Deanna Anderlini; Catalina Liliana Andrei; Fereshteh Ansari; Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam; Carl Abelardo T. Antonio; Ernoiz Antriyandarti; Davood Anvari; Razique Anwer; Muhammad Aqeel; Jalal Arabloo; Morteza Arab-Zozani; Timur Aripov; Johan Ärnlöv; Kurnia Dwi Artanti; Afsaneh Arzani; Malke Asaad; Mehran Asadi-Aliabadi; Ali A. Asadi-Pooya; Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi; Seyyed Shamsadin Athari; Seyyede Masoume Athari; Desta Debalkie Atnafu; Alok Atreya; Madhu Sudhan Atteraya; Marcel Ausloos; Asma Tahir Awan; Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla; Getinet Ayano; Martin Amogre Ayanore; Yared Asmare Aynalem; Samad Azari; Ghasem Azarian; Zelalem Nigussie Azene; B.B. Darshan; Ebrahim Babaee; Ashish D. Badiye; Atif Amin Baig; Maciej Banach; Palash Chandra Banik; Suzanne Lyn Barker-Collo; Hiba Jawdat Barqawi; Quique Bassat; Sanjay Basu; Bernhard T. Baune; Mohsen Bayati; Neeraj Bedi; Ettore Beghi; Massimiliano Beghi; Michelle L. Bell; Salaheddine Bendak; Derrick A. Bennett; Isabela M. Bensenor; Kidanemaryam Berhe; Adam E. Berman; Yihienew Mequanint Bezabih; Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula; Dinesh Bhandari; Nikha Bhardwaj; Pankaj Bhardwaj; Krittika Bhattacharyya; Suraj Bhattarai; Zulfiqar A. Bhutta; Boris Bikbov; Antonio Biondi; Binyam Minuye Birihane; Raaj Kishore Biswas; Somayeh Bohlouli; Nicola Luigi Bragazzi; Alexey V. Breusov; Andre R. Brunoni; Katrin Burkart; Sharath Burugina Nagaraja; Reinhard Busse; Zahid A. Butt; Florentino Luciano Caetano dos Santos; Lucero Cahuana-Hurtado; Paulo Camargos; Luis Alberto Cámera; Rosario Cárdenas; Giulia Carreras; Juan J. Carrero; Felix Carvalho; Joao Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia; Carlos A. 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Nnaji; Shuhei Nomura; Nurulamin M. Noor; Jean Jacques Noubiap; Virginia Nuñez-Samudio; Vincent Ebuka Nwatah; Bogdan Oancea; Oluwakemi Ololade Odukoya; Felix Akpojene Ogbo; Bolajoko Olubukunola Olusanya; Jacob Olusegun Olusanya; Ahmed Omar Bali; Obinna E. Onwujekwe; Alberto Ortiz; Adrian Otoiu; Nikita Otstavnov; Stanislav S. Otstavnov; Mayowa O. Owolabi; P.A. Mahesh; Jagadish Rao Padubidri; Smita Pakhale; Keyvan Pakshir; Pramod Kumar Pal; Raffaele Palladino; Adrian Pana; Songhomitra Panda-Jonas; Anamika Pandey; Ashok Pandey; Seithikurippu R. Pandi-Perumal; Helena Ullyartha Pangaribuan; Ana Melisa Pardo-Montaño; Eun-Kee Park; Sangram Kishor Patel; George C. Patton; Shrikant Pawar; Hamidreza Pazoki Toroudi; Amy E. Peden; Veincent Christian Filipino Pepito; Emmanuel K. Peprah; Jeevan Pereira; Jorge Pérez-Gómez; Norberto Perico; Konrad Pesudovs; Thomas Pilgrim; Marina Pinheiro; Michael A. Piradov; Meghdad Pirsaheb; James A. Platts-Mills; Khem Narayan Pokhrel; Maarten J. 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Szeto; Miklós Szócska; Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos; Eyayou Girma Tadesse; Amir Taherkhani; Animut Tagele Tamiru; Md Ismail Tareque; Arash Tehrani-Banihashemi; Mohamad-Hani Temsah; Fisaha Haile Tesfay; Gizachew Assefa Tessema; Zemenu Tadesse Tessema; Kavumpurathu Raman Thankappan; Rekha Thapar; Musliu Adetola Tolani; Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone; Eugenio Traini; Bach Xuan Tran; Jaya Prasad Tripathy; Giorgos Tsapparellas; Aristidis Tsatsakis; Lorainne Tudor Car; Riaz Uddin; Anayat Ullah; Chukwuma David Umeokonkwo; Brigid Unim; Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan; Era Upadhyay; Muhammad Shariq Usman; Marco Vacante; Maryam Vaezi; Sahel Valadan Tahbaz; Pascual R. Valdez; Tommi Juhani Vasankari; Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian; Madhur Verma; Francesco S. Violante; Vasily Vlassov; Bay Vo; Giang Thu Vu; Yohannes Dibaba Wado; Yasir Waheed; Richard G. Wamai; Yanping Wang; Yanzhong Wang; Yuan-Pang Wang; Paul Ward; Andrea Werdecker; Ronny Westerman; Nuwan Darshana Wickramasinghe; Lauren B. Wilner; Charles Shey Wiysonge; Ai-Min Wu; Chenkai Wu; Yang Xie; Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh Jabbari; Kazumasa Yamagishi; Srikanth Yandrapalli; Sanni Yaya; Vahid Yazdi-Feyzabadi; Paul Yip; Naohiro Yonemoto; Seok-Jun Yoon; Mustafa Z. Younis; Zabihollah Yousefi; Taraneh Yousefinezhadi; Chuanhua Yu; Sifat Shahana Yusuf; Syed Saoud Zaidi; Sojib Bin Zaman; Mohammad Zamani; Maryam Zamanian; Mikhail Sergeevich Zastrozhin; Anasthasia Zastrozhina; Yunquan Zhang; Zhi-Jiang Zhang; Xiu-Ju George Zhao; Arash Ziapour; Simon I. Hay; Christopher J.L. Murray; Haidong Wang; Nicholas J. Kassebaum
Background: Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 has targeted elimination of preventable child mortality, reduction of neonatal death to less than 12 per 1000 livebirths, and reduction of death of children younger than 5 years to less than 25 per 1000 livebirths, for each country by 2030. To understand current rates, recent trends, and potential trajectories of child mortality for the next decade, we present the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 findings for all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality in children younger than 5 years of age, with multiple scenarios for child mortality in 2030 that include the consideration of potential effects of COVID-19, and a novel framework for quantifying optimal child survival. Methods: We completed all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality analyses from 204 countries and territories for detailed age groups separately, with aggregated mortality probabilities per 1000 livebirths computed for neonatal mortality rate (NMR) and under-5 mortality rate (U5MR). Scenarios for 2030 represent different potential trajectories, notably including potential effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and the potential impact of improvements preferentially targeting neonatal survival. Optimal child survival metrics were developed by age, sex, and cause of death across all GBD location-years. The first metric is a global optimum and is based on the lowest observed mortality, and the second is a survival potential frontier that is based on stochastic frontier analysis of observed mortality and Healthcare Access and Quality Index. Findings: Global U5MR decreased from 71·2 deaths per 1000 livebirths (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 68·3–74·0) in 2000 to 37·1 (33·2–41·7) in 2019 while global NMR correspondingly declined more slowly from 28·0 deaths per 1000 live births (26·8–29·5) in 2000 to 17·9 (16·3–19·8) in 2019. In 2019, 136 (67%) of 204 countries had a U5MR at or below the SDG 3.2 threshold and 133 (65%) had an NMR at or below the SDG 3.2 threshold, and the reference scenario suggests that by 2030, 154 (75%) of all countries could meet the U5MR targets, and 139 (68%) could meet the NMR targets. Deaths of children younger than 5 years totalled 9·65 million (95% UI 9·05–10·30) in 2000 and 5·05 million (4·27–6·02) in 2019, with the neonatal fraction of these deaths increasing from 39% (3·76 million [95% UI 3·53–4·02]) in 2000 to 48% (2·42 million; 2·06–2·86) in 2019. NMR and U5MR were generally higher in males than in females, although there was no statistically significant difference at the global level. Neonatal disorders remained the leading cause of death in children younger than 5 years in 2019, followed by lower respiratory infections, diarrhoeal diseases, congenital birth defects, and malaria. The global optimum analysis suggests NMR could be reduced to as low as 0·80 (95% UI 0·71–0·86) deaths per 1000 livebirths and U5MR to 1·44 (95% UI 1·27–1·58) deaths per 1000 livebirths, and in 2019, there were as many as 1·87 million (95% UI 1·35–2·58; 37% [95% UI 32–43]) of 5·05 million more deaths of children younger than 5 years than the survival potential frontier. Interpretation: Global child mortality declined by almost half between 2000 and 2019, but progress remains slower in neonates and 65 (32%) of 204 countries, mostly in sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia, are not on track to meet either SDG 3.2 target by 2030. Focused improvements in perinatal and newborn care, continued and expanded delivery of essential interventions such as vaccination and infection prevention, an enhanced focus on equity, continued focus on poverty reduction and education, and investment in strengthening health systems across the development spectrum have the potential to substantially improve U5MR. Given the widespread effects of COVID-19, considerable effort will be required to maintain and accelerate progress. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license
Mapping age- and sex-specific HIV prevalence in adults in sub-Saharan Africa, 2000–2018
(BioMed Central Ltd, 2022) Emily Haeuser; Audrey L. Serfes; Michael A. Cork; Mingyou Yang; Hedayat Abbastabar; E.S. Abhilash; Maryam Adabi; Oladimeji M. Adebayo; Victor Adekanmbi; Daniel Adedayo Adeyinka; Saira Afzal; Bright Opoku Ahinkorah; Keivan Ahmadi; Muktar Beshir Ahmed; Yonas Akalu; Rufus Olusola Akinyemi; Chisom Joyqueenet Akunna; Fares Alahdab; Fahad Mashhour Alanezi; Turki M. Alanzi; Kefyalew Addis Alene; Robert Kaba Alhassan; Vahid Alipour; Amir Almasi-Hashiani; Nelson Alvis-Guzman; Edward Kwabena Ameyaw; Saeed Amini; Dickson A. Amugsi; Robert Ancuceanu; Davood Anvari; Seth Christopher Yaw Appiah; Jalal Arabloo; Olatunde Aremu; Mulusew A. Asemahagn; Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi; Atalel Fentahun Awedew; Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla; Martin Amogre Ayanore; Yared Asmare Aynalem; Samad Azari; Zelalem Nigussie Azene; B.B. Darshan; Tesleem Kayode Babalola; Atif Amin Baig; Maciej Banach; Till Winfried Bärnighausen; Arielle Wilder Bell; Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula; Nikha Bhardwaj; Pankaj Bhardwaj; Krittika Bhattacharyya; Ali Bijani; Zebenay Workneh Bitew; Somayeh Bohlouli; Obasanjo Afolabi Bolarinwa; Archith Boloor; Ivana Bozicevic; Zahid A. Butt; Rosario Cárdenas; Felix Carvalho; Jaykaran Charan; Vijay Kumar Chattu; Mohiuddin Ahsanul Kabir Chowdhury; Dinh-Toi Chu; Richard G. Cowden; Saad M. A. Dahlawi; Giovanni Damiani; Eugene Kofuor Maafo Darteh; Aso Mohammad Darwesh; José das Neves; Nicole Davis Weaver; Diego De Leo; Jan-Walter De Neve; Kebede Deribe; Keshab Deuba; Samath Dharmaratne; Mostafa Dianatinasab; Daniel Diaz; Alireza Didarloo; Shirin Djalalinia; Fariba Dorostkar; Eleonora Dubljanin; Bereket Duko; Maha El Tantawi; Shaimaa I. El-Jaafary; Babak Eshrati; Sharareh Eskandarieh; Oghenowede Eyawo; Ifeanyi Jude Ezeonwumelu; Sayeh Ezzikouri; Farshad Farzadfar; Nazir Fattahi; Nelsensius Klau Fauk; Eduarda Fernandes; Irina Filip; Florian Fischer; Nataliya A. Foigt; Masoud Foroutan; Takeshi Fukumoto; Mohamed M. Gad; Abhay Motiramji Gaidhane; Birhan Gebresillassie Gebregiorgis; Ketema Bizuwork Gebremedhin; Lemma Getacher; Keyghobad Ghadiri; Ahmad Ghashghaee; Mahaveer Golechha; Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen Gubari; Harish Chander Gugnani; Rafael Alves Guimarães; Mohammad Rifat Haider; Arvin Haj-Mirzaian; Samer Hamidi; Abdiwahab Hashi; Soheil Hassanipour; Hadi Hassankhani; Khezar Hayat; Claudiu Herteliu; Hung Chak Ho; Ramesh Holla; Mostafa Hosseini; Mehdi Hosseinzadeh; Bing-Fang Hwang; Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye; Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi; Irena M. Ilic; Milena D. Ilic; Rakibul M. Islam; Chidozie C. D. Iwu; Mihajlo Jakovljevic; Ravi Prakash Jha; John S. Ji; Kimberly B. Johnson; Nitin Joseph; Vasna Joshua; Farahnaz Joukar; Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak; Leila R. Kalankesh; Rohollah Kalhor; Naser Kamyari; Tanuj Kanchan; Behzad Karami Matin; Salah Eddin Karimi; Gbenga A. Kayode; Ali Kazemi Karyani; Maryam Keramati; Ejaz Ahmad Khan; Gulfaraz Khan; Md Nuruzzaman Khan; Khaled Khatab; Jagdish Khubchandani; Yun Jin Kim; Adnan Kisa; Sezer Kisa; Jacek A. Kopec; Soewarta Kosen; Sindhura Lakshmi Koulmane Laxminarayana; Ai Koyanagi; Kewal Krishan; Barthelemy Kuate Defo; Nuworza Kugbey; Vaman Kulkarni; Manasi Kumar; Nithin Kumar; Dian Kusuma; Carlo La Vecchia; Dharmesh Kumar Lal; Iván Landires; Heidi Jane Larson; Savita Lasrado; Paul H. Lee; Shanshan Li; Xuefeng Liu; Afshin Maleki; Preeti Malik; Mohammad Ali Mansournia; Francisco Rogerlândio Martins-Melo; Walter Mendoza; Ritesh G. Menezes; Endalkachew Worku Mengesha; Tuomo J. Meretoja; Tomislav Mestrovic; Andreea Mirica; Babak Moazen; Osama Mohamad; Yousef Mohammad; Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani; Reza Mohammadpourhodki; Salahuddin Mohammed; Shafiu Mohammed; Ali H. Mokdad; Masoud Moradi; Paula Moraga; Sumaira Mubarik; Getaneh Baye B. Mulu; Lillian Mwanri; Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan; Mukhammad David Naimzada; Muhammad Naveed; Javad Nazari; Rawlance Ndejjo; Ionut Negoi; Frida N. Ngalesoni; Georges Nguefack-Tsague; Josephine W. Ngunjiri; Cuong Tat Nguyen; Huong Lan Thi Nguyen; Chukwudi A. Nnaji; Jean Jacques Noubiap; Virginia Nuñez-Samudio; Vincent Ebuka Nwatah; Bogdan Oancea; Oluwakemi Ololade Odukoya; Andrew T. Olagunju; Babayemi Oluwaseun Olakunde; Bolajoko Olubukunola Olusanya; Jacob Olusegun Olusanya; Ahmed Omar Bali; Obinna E. Onwujekwe; Orish Ebere Orisakwe; Nikita Otstavnov; Stanislav S. Otstavnov; Mayowa O. Owolabi; P.A. Mahesh; Jagadish Rao Padubidri; Adrian Pana; Ashok Pandey; Seithikurippu R. Pandi-Perumal; Fatemeh Pashazadeh Kan; George C. Patton; Shrikant Pawar; Emmanuel K. Peprah; Maarten J. Postma; Liliana Preotescu; Zahiruddin Quazi Syed; Navid Rabiee; Amir Radfar; Alireza Rafiei; Fakher Rahim; Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar; Amir Masoud Rahmani; Kiana Ramezanzadeh; Juwel Rana; Chhabi Lal Ranabhat; Sowmya J. Rao; David Laith Rawaf; Salman Rawaf; Reza Rawassizadeh; Lemma Demissie Regassa; Nima Rezaei; Aziz Rezapour; Mavra A. Riaz; Ana Isabel Ribeiro; Jennifer M. Ross; Enrico Rubagotti; Susan Fred Rumisha; Godfrey M. Rwegerera; Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam; Rajesh Sagar; Biniyam Sahiledengle; Maitreyi Sahu; Marwa Rashad Salem; Hossein Samadi Kafil; Abdallah M. Samy; Benn Sartorius; Brijesh Sathian; Abdul-Aziz Seidu; Amira A. Shaheen; Masood Ali Shaikh; Morteza Shamsizadeh; Wondimeneh Shibabaw Shiferaw; Jae Il Shin; Roman Shrestha; Jasvinder A. Singh; Valentin Yurievich Skryabin; Anna Aleksandrovna Skryabina; Shahin Soltani; Mu’awiyyah Babale Sufiyan; Takahiro Tabuchi; Eyayou Girma Tadesse; Nuno Taveira; Fisaha Haile Tesfay; Rekha Thapar; Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone; Gebiyaw Wudie Tsegaye; Chukwuma David Umeokonkwo; Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan; Jorge Hugo Villafañe; Francesco S. Violante; Bay Vo; Giang Thu Vu; Yohannes Dibaba Wado; Yasir Waheed; Richard G. Wamai; Yanzhong Wang; Paul Ward; Nuwan Darshana Wickramasinghe; Katherine Wilson; Sanni Yaya; Paul Yip; Naohiro Yonemoto; Chuanhua Yu; Mikhail Sergeevich Zastrozhin; Yunquan Zhang; Zhi-Jiang Zhang; Simon I. Hay; Laura Dwyer-Lindgren
Background: Human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is still among the leading causes of disease burden and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), and the world is not on track to meet targets set for ending the epidemic by the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Precise HIV burden information is critical for effective geographic and epidemiological targeting of prevention and treatment interventions. Age- and sex-specific HIV prevalence estimates are widely available at the national level, and region-wide local estimates were recently published for adults overall. We add further dimensionality to previous analyses by estimating HIV prevalence at local scales, stratified into sex-specific 5-year age groups for adults ages 15–59 years across SSA. Methods: We analyzed data from 91 seroprevalence surveys and sentinel surveillance among antenatal care clinic (ANC) attendees using model-based geostatistical methods to produce estimates of HIV prevalence across 43 countries in SSA, from years 2000 to 2018, at a 5 × 5-km resolution and presented among second administrative level (typically districts or counties) units. Results: We found substantial variation in HIV prevalence across localities, ages, and sexes that have been masked in earlier analyses. Within-country variation in prevalence in 2018 was a median 3.5 times greater across ages and sexes, compared to for all adults combined. We note large within-district prevalence differences between age groups: for men, 50% of districts displayed at least a 14-fold difference between age groups with the highest and lowest prevalence, and at least a 9-fold difference for women. Prevalence trends also varied over time; between 2000 and 2018, 70% of all districts saw a reduction in prevalence greater than five percentage points in at least one sex and age group. Meanwhile, over 30% of all districts saw at least a five percentage point prevalence increase in one or more sex and age group. Conclusions: As the HIV epidemic persists and evolves in SSA, geographic and demographic shifts in prevention and treatment efforts are necessary. These estimates offer epidemiologically informative detail to better guide more targeted interventions, vital for combating HIV in SSA. © 2022, The Author(s).
Microbe-fabricated nanoparticles as potent biomaterials for efficient food preservation
(Elsevier B.V., 2022) Akanksha Rai; Vivek K. Sharma; Akansha Jain; Minaxi Sharma; Ashok Pandey; Harikesh B. Singh; Vijai K. Gupta; Brahma N. Singh
In recent years, cutting-edge nanotechnology research has revolutionized several facets of the food business, including food processing, packaging, transportation, preservation, and functioning. Nanotechnology has beginning to loom large in the food business as the industry's demand for biogenic nanomaterial grows. The intracellular and extracellular synthesis of metal, metal oxide, and other essential NPs has recently been explored in a variety of microorganisms, including bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi, yeasts, microalgae, and viruses. These microbes produce a variety extracellular material, exopolysaccharides, enzymes, and secondary metabolites which play key roles in synthesizing as well as stabilizing the nanoparticle (NPs). Furthermore, genetic engineering techniques can help them to improve their capacity to generate NPs more efficiently. As a result, using microorganisms to manufacture NPs is unique and has a promising future. Microbial-mediated synthesis of NPs has lately been popular as a more environmentally friendly alternative to physical and chemical methods of nanomaterial synthesis, which require higher prices, more energy consumption, and more complex reaction conditions, as well as a potentially dangerous environmental impact. It is critical to consider regulatory measures implemented at all stages of the process, from production through refining, packaging, preservation, and storage, when producing bionanomaterials derived from culturable microbes for efficient food preservation. The current review discusses the synthesis, mechanism of action, and possible food preservation uses of microbial mediated NPs, which can assist to minimize food deterioration from the inside out while also ensuring that food is safe and free of contaminants. Despite the numerous benefits, there are looming debates concerning their usage in food items, particularly regarding its aggregation in human bodies and other risks to the environment. Other applications and impacts of these microbe-fabricated NPs in the context of future food preservation prospects connected with regulatory problems and potential hazards are highlighted. © 2022
Population-level risks of alcohol consumption by amount, geography, age, sex, and year: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2020
(Elsevier B.V., 2022) Dana Bryazka; Marissa B. Reitsma; Max G. Griswold; Kalkidan Hassen Abate; Cristiana Abbafati; Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari; Zeinab Abbasi-Kangevari; Amir Abdoli; Mohammad Abdollahi; Abu Yousuf Md. Abdullah; E.S. Abhilash; Eman Abu-Gharbieh; Juan Manuel Acuna; Giovanni Addolorato; Oladimeji M. Adebayo; Victor Adekanmbi; Kishor Adhikari; Sangeet Adhikari; Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani; Saira Afzal; Wubetu Yimam Agegnehu; Manik Aggarwal; Bright Opoku Ahinkorah; Araz Ramazan Ahmad; Sajjad Ahmad; Tauseef Ahmad; Ali Ahmadi; Sepideh Ahmadi; Haroon Ahmed; Tarik Ahmed Rashid; Chisom Joyqueenet Akunna; Hanadi Al Hamad; Md.Zakiul Alam; Dejene Tsegaye Alem; Kefyalew Addis Alene; Yousef Alimohamadi; Atiyeh Alizadeh; Kasim Allel; Jordi Alonso; Saba Alvand; Nelson Alvis-Guzman; Firehiwot Amare; Edward Kwabena Ameyaw; Sohrab Amiri; Robert Ancuceanu; Jason A. Anderson; Catalina Liliana Andrei; Tudorel Andrei; Jalal Arabloo; Muhammad Arshad; Anton A. Artamonov; Zahra Aryan; Malke Asaad; Mulusew A. Asemahagn; Thomas Astell-Burt; Seyyed Shamsadin Athari; Desta Debalkie Atnafu; Prince Atorkey; Alok Atreya; Floriane Ausloos; Marcel Ausloos; Getinet Ayano; Martin Amogre Ayanore; Olatunde O. Ayinde; Jose L. Ayuso-Mateos; Sina Azadnajafabad; Melkalem Mamuye Azanaw; Mohammadreza Azangou-Khyavy; Amirhossein Azari Jafari; Ahmed Y. Azzam; Ashish D. Badiye; Nasser Bagheri; Sara Bagherieh; Mohan Bairwa; Shankar M. Bakkannavar; Ravleen Kaur Bakshi; Awraris Hailu Balchut Bilchut; T.W. Bärnighausen; Fabio Barra; Amadou Barrow; Pritish Baskaran; Luis Belo; Derrick A. Bennett; Isabela M. Bensenor; Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula; Neeraj Bhala; Ashish Bhalla; Nikha Bhardwaj; Pankaj Bhardwaj; Sonu Bhaskar; Krittika Bhattacharyya; Vijayalakshmi S. Bhojaraja; Bagas Suryo Bintoro; Elena A. Elena Blokhina; Belay Boda Abule Bodicha; Archith Boloor; Cristina Bosetti; Dejana Braithwaite; Hermann Brenner; Nikolay Ivanovich Briko; Andre R. Brunoni; Zahid A. Butt; Chao Cao; Yin Cao; Rosario Cárdenas; Andre F. Carvalho; Márcia Carvalho; Joao Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia; Giulio Castelpietra; Luis F.S. Castro-De-Araujo; Maria Sofia Cattaruzza; Promit Ananyo Chakraborty; Jaykaran Charan; Vijay Kumar Chattu; Akhilanand Chaurasia; Nicolas Cherbuin; Dinh-Toi Chu; Nandita Chudal; Sheng-Chia Chung; Chuchu Churko; Liliana G. Ciobanu; Massimo Cirillo; Rafael M. Claro; Simona Costanzo; Richard G. Cowden; Michael H. Criqui; Natália Cruz-Martins; Garland T. Culbreth; Berihun Assefa Dachew; Omid Dadras; Xiaochen Dai; Giovanni Damiani; Lalit Dandona; Rakhi Dandona; Beniam Darge Daniel; Anna Danielewicz; Jiregna Darega Gela; Kairat Davletov; Jacyra Azevedo Paiva de Araujo; Antonio Reis De Sá; Sisay Abebe Debela; Azizallah Dehghan; Andreas K. Demetriades; Meseret Derbew Molla; Rupak Desai; Abebaw Alemayehu Desta; Diana Dias da Silva; Daniel Diaz; Lankamo Ena Digesa; Mengistie Diress; Milad Dodangeh; Deepa Dongarwar; Fariba Dorostkar; Haneil Larson Dsouza; Bereket Duko; Bruce B. Duncan; Kristina Edvardsson; Michael Ekholuenetale; Frank J. Elgar; Muhammed Elhadi; Mohamed A. Elmonem; Aman Yesuf Endries; Sharareh Eskandarieh; Azin Etemadimanesh; Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe; Ildar Ravisovich Fakhradiyev; Fatemeh Farahmand; Carla Sofia E. Sá Farinha; Andre Faro; Farshad Farzadfar; Ali Fatehizadeh; Nelsensius Klau Fauk; Valery L. Feigin; Rachel Feldman; Xiaoqi Feng; Zinabu Fentaw; Simone Ferrero; Lorenzo Ferro Desideri; Irina Filip; Florian Fischer; Joel Msafiri Francis; Richard Charles Franklin; Peter Andras Gaal; Mohamed M. Gad; Silvano Gallus; Fabio Galvano; Balasankar Ganesan; Tushar Garg; Mesfin Gebrehiwot Damtew Gebrehiwot; Teferi Gebru Gebremeskel; Mathewos Alemu Gebremichael; Tadele Regasa Gemechu; Lemma Getacher; Motuma Erena Getachew; Abera Getachew Obsa; Asmare Getie; Amir Ghaderi; Mansour Ghafourifard; Alireza Ghajar; Seyyed-Hadi Ghamari; Lilian A. Ghandour; Mohammad Ghasemi Nour; Ahmad Ghashghaee; Sherief Ghozy; Franklin N. Glozah; Ekaterina Vladimirovna Glushkova; Justyna Godos; Amit Goel; Salime Goharinezhad; Mahaveer Golechha; Pouya Goleij; Mohamad Golitaleb; Felix Greaves; Michal Grivna; Giuseppe Grosso; Temesgen Worku Gudayu; Bhawna Gupta; Rajeev Gupta; Sapna Gupta; Veer Bala Gupta; Vivek Kumar Gupta; Nima Hafezi-Nejad; Arvin Haj-Mirzaian; Brian J. Hall; Rabih Halwani; Tiilahun Beyene Handiso; Graeme J. Hankey; Sanam Hariri; Josep Maria Haro; Ahmed I. Hasaballah; Hossein Hassanian-Moghaddam; Simon I. Hay; Khezar Hayat; Golnaz Heidari; Mohammad Heidari; Delia Hendrie; Claudiu Herteliu; Demisu Zenbaba Heyi; Kamal Hezam; Mbuzeleni Mbuzeleni Hlongwa; Ramesh Holla; Md. Mahbub Hossain; Sahadat Hossain; Seyed Kianoosh Hosseini; Mehdi Hosseinzadeh; Mihaela Hostiuc; Sorin Hostiuc; Guoqing Hu; Junjie Huang; Salman Hussain; Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye; Irena M. Ilic; Milena D. Ilic; Mustapha Immurana; Lalu Muhammad Irham; M. Mofizul Islam; Rakibul M. Islam; Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam; Hiroyasu Iso; Ramaiah Itumalla; Masao Iwagami; Roxana Jabbarinejad; Louis Jacob; Mihajlo Jakovljevic; Zahra Jamalpoor; Elham Jamshidi; Sathish Kumar Jayapal; Umesh Umesh Jayarajah; Ranil Jayawardena; Rime Jebai; Seyed Ali Jeddi; Alelign Tasew Jema; Ravi Prakash Jha; Har Ashish Jindal; Jost B. Jonas; Tamas Joo; Nitin Joseph; Farahnaz Joukar; Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak; Mikk Jürisson; Ali Kabir; Robel Hussen Kabthymer; Bhushan Dattatray Kamble; Himal Kandel; Girum Gebremeskel Kanno; Neeti Kapoor; Ibraheem M. Karaye; Salah Eddin Karimi; Bekalu Getnet Kassa; Rimple Jeet Kaur; Gbenga A. Kayode; Mohammad Keykhaei; Himanshu Khajuria; Rovshan Khalilov; Imteyaz A. Khan; Moien A.B. Khan; Hanna Kim; Jihee Kim; Min Seo Kim; Ruth W. Kimokoti; Mika Kivimäki; Vitalii Klymchuk; Ann Kristin Skrindo Knudsen; Ali-Asghar Kolahi; Vladimir Andreevich Korshunov; Ai Koyanagi; Kewal Krishan; Yuvaraj Krishnamoorthy; G. Anil Kumar; Narinder Kumar; Nithin Kumar; Ben Lacey; Tea Lallukka; Savita Lasrado; Jerrald Lau; Sang-Woong Lee; Wei-Chen Lee; Yo Han Lee; Lee-Ling Lim; Stephen S. Lim; Stany W. Lobo; Platon D. Lopukhov; Stefan Lorkowski; Rafael Lozano; Giancarlo Lucchetti; Farzan Madadizadeh; Áurea M. Madureira-Carvalho; Soleiman Mahjoub; Ata Mahmoodpoor; Rashidul Alam Mahumud; Alaa Makki; Mohammad-Reza Malekpour; Narayana Manjunatha; Borhan Mansouri; Mohammad Ali Mansournia; Jose Martinez-Raga; Francisco A. Martinez-Villa; Richard Matzopoulos; Pallab K. Maulik; Mahsa Mayeli; John J. McGrath; Jitendra Kumar Meena; Entezar Mehrabi Nasab; Ritesh G. Menezes; Gert B.M. Mensink; Alexios-Fotios A. Mentis; Atte Meretoja; Bedasa Taye Merga; Tomislav Mestrovic; Junmei Miao Jonasson; Bartosz Miazgowski; Ana Carolina Micheletti Gomide Nogueira De Sá; Ted R. Miller; G.K. Mini; Andreea Mirica; Antonio Mirijello; Seyyedmohammadsadeq Mirmoeeni; Erkin M. Mirrakhimov; Sanjeev Misra; Babak Moazen; Maryam Mobarakabadi; Marcello Moccia; Yousef Mohammad; Esmaeil Mohammadi; Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani; Teroj Abdulrahman Mohammed; Nagabhishek Moka; Ali H. Mokdad; Sara Momtazmanesh; Yousef Moradi; Ebrahim Mostafavi; Sumaira Mubarik; Erin C. Mullany; Beemnet Tekabe Mulugeta; Efrén Murillo-Zamora; Christopher J.L. Murray; Julius C. Mwita; Mohsen Naghavi; Mukhammad David Naimzada; Vinay Nangia; Biswa Prakash Nayak; Ionut Negoi; Ruxandra Irina Negoi; Seyed Aria Nejadghaderi; Samata Nepal; Sudan Prasad Prasad Neupane; Sandhya Neupane Kandel; Yeshambel T. Nigatu; Ali Nowroozi; Khan M. Nuruzzaman; Chimezie Igwegbe Nzoputam; Kehinde O. Obamiro; Felix Akpojene Ogbo; Ayodipupo Sikiru Oguntade; Hassan Okati-Aliabad; Babayemi Oluwaseun Olakunde; Gláucia Maria Moraes Oliveira; Ahmed Omar Bali; Emad Omer; Doris V. Ortega-Altamirano; Adrian Otoiu; Stanislav S. Otstavnov; Bilcha Oumer; P.A. Mahesh; Alicia Padron-Monedero; Raffaele Palladino; Adrian Pana; Songhomitra Panda-Jonas; Anamika Pandey; Ashok Pandey; Shahina Pardhan; Tarang Parekh; Eun-Kee Park; Charles D.H. Parry; Fatemeh Pashazadeh Kan; Jay Patel; Siddhartha Pati; George C. Patton; Uttam Paudel; Shrikant Pawar; Amy E. Peden; Ionela-Roxana Petcu; Michael R. Phillips; Marina Pinheiro; Evgenii Plotnikov; Pranil Man Singh Pradhan; Akila Prashant; Jianchao Quan; Amir Radfar; Alireza Rafiei; Pankaja Raghav Raghav; Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar; Azizur Rahman; Md.Mosfequr Rahman; Mosiur Rahman; Amir Masoud Rahmani; Shayan Rahmani; Chhabi Lal Ranabhat; Priyanga Ranasinghe; Chythra R. Rao; Drona Prakash Rasali; Mohammad-Mahdi Rashidi; Zubair Ahmed Ratan; David Laith Rawaf; Salman Rawaf; Lal Rawal; Andre M.N. Renzaho; Negar Rezaei; Saeid Rezaei; Mohsen Rezaeian; Seyed Mohammad Riahi; Esperanza Romero-Rodríguez; Gregory A. Roth; Godfrey M. Rwegerera; Basema Saddik; Erfan Sadeghi; Reihaneh Sadeghian; Umar Saeed; Farhad Saeedi; Rajesh Sagar; Amirhossein Sahebkar; Harihar Sahoo; Mohammad Ali Sahraian; K.M. Saif-Ur-Rahman; Sarvenaz Salahi; Hamideh Salimzadeh; Abdallah M. Samy; Francesco Sanmarchi; Milena M. Santric-Milicevic; Yaser Sarikhani; Brijesh Sathian; Ganesh Kumar Saya; Mehdi Sayyah; Maria Inês Schmidt; Aletta Elisabeth Schutte; Michaël Schwarzinger; David C. Schwebel; Abdul-Aziz Seidu; Nachimuthu Senthil Kumar; SeyedAhmad SeyedAlinaghi; Allen Seylani; Feng Sha; Sarvenaz Shahin; Fariba Shahraki-Sanavi; Shayan Shahrokhi; Masood Ali Shaikh; Elaheh Shaker; Murad Ziyaudinovich Shakhmardanov; Mehran Shams-Beyranvand; Sara Sheikhbahaei; Rahim Ali Sheikhi; Adithi Shetty; Jeevan K. Shetty; Damtew Solomon Shiferaw; Mika Shigematsu; Rahman Shiri; Reza Shirkoohi; K.M. Shivakumar; Velizar Shivarov; Parnian Shobeiri; Roman Shrestha; Negussie Boti Sidemo; Inga Dora Sigfusdottir; Diego Augusto Santos Silva; Natacha Torres da Silva; Jasvinder A. Singh; Surjit Singh; Valentin Yurievich Skryabin; Anna Aleksandrovna Skryabina; David A. Sleet; Marco Solmi; Yonatan Solomon; Suhang Song; Yimeng Song; Reed J.D. Sorensen; Sergey Soshnikov; Ireneous N. Soyiri; Dan J. Stein; Sonu Hangma Subba; Miklós Szócska; Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos; Takahiro Tabuchi; Majid Taheri; Ker-Kan Tan; Minale Tareke; Elvis Enowbeyang Tarkang; Gebremaryam Temesgen; Worku Animaw Temesgen; Mohamad-Hani Temsah; Kavumpurathu Raman Thankappan; Rekha Thapar; Nikhil Kenny Thomas; Chalachew Tiruneh; Jovana Todorovic; Marco Torrado; Mathilde Touvier; Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone; Mai Thi Ngoc Tran; Sergi Trias-Llimós; Jaya Prasad Tripathy; Alireza Vakilian; Rohollah Valizadeh; Mehdi Varmaghani; Shoban Babu Varthya; Tommi Juhani Vasankari; Theo Vos; Birhanu Wagaye; Yasir Waheed; Mandaras Tariku Walde; Cong Wang; Yanzhong Wang; Yuan-Pang Wang; Ronny Westerman; Nuwan Darshana Wickramasinghe; Abate Dargie Wubetu; Suowen Xu; Kazumasa Yamagishi; Lin Yang; Gesila Endashaw E. Yesera; Arzu Yigit; Vahit Yiğit; Ayenew Engida Yimaw; Dong Keon Yon; Naohiro Yonemoto; Chuanhua Yu; Siddhesh Zadey; Mazyar Zahir; Iman Zare; Mikhail Sergeevich Zastrozhin; Anasthasia Zastrozhina; Zhi-Jiang Zhang; Chenwen Zhong; Mohammad Zmaili; Yves Miel H. Zuniga; Emmanuela Gakidou
Background: The health risks associated with moderate alcohol consumption continue to be debated. Small amounts of alcohol might lower the risk of some health outcomes but increase the risk of others, suggesting that the overall risk depends, in part, on background disease rates, which vary by region, age, sex, and year. Methods: For this analysis, we constructed burden-weighted dose–response relative risk curves across 22 health outcomes to estimate the theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL) and non-drinker equivalence (NDE), the consumption level at which the health risk is equivalent to that of a non-drinker, using disease rates from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2020 for 21 regions, including 204 countries and territories, by 5-year age group, sex, and year for individuals aged 15–95 years and older from 1990 to 2020. Based on the NDE, we quantified the population consuming harmful amounts of alcohol. Findings: The burden-weighted relative risk curves for alcohol use varied by region and age. Among individuals aged 15–39 years in 2020, the TMREL varied between 0 (95% uncertainty interval 0–0) and 0·603 (0·400–1·00) standard drinks per day, and the NDE varied between 0·002 (0–0) and 1·75 (0·698–4·30) standard drinks per day. Among individuals aged 40 years and older, the burden-weighted relative risk curve was J-shaped for all regions, with a 2020 TMREL that ranged from 0·114 (0–0·403) to 1·87 (0·500–3·30) standard drinks per day and an NDE that ranged between 0·193 (0–0·900) and 6·94 (3·40–8·30) standard drinks per day. Among individuals consuming harmful amounts of alcohol in 2020, 59·1% (54·3–65·4) were aged 15–39 years and 76·9% (73·0–81·3) were male. Interpretation: There is strong evidence to support recommendations on alcohol consumption varying by age and location. Stronger interventions, particularly those tailored towards younger individuals, are needed to reduce the substantial global health loss attributable to alcohol. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license
Preface
(Elsevier Inc., 2017) Suresh Kumar Dubey; Ashok Pandey; Rajender Singh Sangwan
[No abstract available]
Spatial, temporal, and demographic patterns in prevalence of chewing tobacco use in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: A systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
(Elsevier Ltd, 2021) Parkes J. Kendrick; Marissa B. Reitsma; Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari; Amir Abdoli; Mohammad Abdollahi; Aidin Abedi; E.S. Abhilash; Victor Aboyans; Oladimeji M. Adebayo; Shailesh M. Advani; Bright Opoku Ahinkorah; Sohail Ahmad; Keivan Ahmadi; Haroon Ahmed; Budi Aji; Yonas Akalu; Chisom Joyqueenet Akunna; Fares Alahdab; Ziyad Al-Aly; Fahad Mashhour Alanezi; Turki M. Alanzi; Khalid F. Alhabib; Tilahun Ali; Sheikh Mohammad Alif; Vahid Alipour; Syed Mohamed Aljunid; Mahmoud A. Alomari; Tarek Tawfik Amin; Saeed Amini; Hubert Amu; Robert Ancuceanu; Jason A. Anderson; Catalina Liliana Andrei; Tudorel Andrei; Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam; Benny Antony; Davood Anvari; Jalal Arabloo; Nicholas D. Arian; Monika Arora; Kurnia Dwi Artanti; Wondwossen Niguse Asmare; Desta Debalkie Atnafu; Marcel Ausloos; Asma Tahir Awan; Getinet Ayano; Getie Lake Aynalem; Samad Azari; B.B. Darshan; Ashish D. Badiye; Atif Amin Baig; Maciej Banach; Srikanta K. Banerjee; Suzanne Lyn Barker-Collo; Till Winfried Bärnighausen; Hiba Jawdat Barqawi; Sanjay Basu; Mohsen Bayati; Shahrzad Bazargan-Hejazi; Tariku Tesfaye Bekuma; Derrick A. Bennett; Isabela M. Bensenor; Habib Benzian; Catherine P. Benziger; Adam E. Berman; Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula; Neeraj Bhala; Nikha Bhardwaj; Pankaj Bhardwaj; Krittika Bhattacharyya; Sadia Bibi; Ali Bijani; Antonio Biondi; Dejana Braithwaite; Hermann Brenner; Andre R. Brunoni; Katrin Burkart; Sharath Burugina Nagaraja; Zahid A. Butt; Florentino Luciano Caetano Dos Santos; Josip Car; Giulia Carreras; Joao Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia; Maria Sofia Sofia Cattaruzza; Jung-Chen Chang; Pankaj Chaturvedi; Simiao Chen; Onyema Greg Chido-Amajuoyi; Dinh-Toi Chu; Sheng-Chia Chung; Liliana G. Ciobanu; Vera Marisa Costa; Rosa A. S. Couto; Baye Dagnew; Xiaochen Dai; Albertino Antonio Moura Damasceno; Giovanni Damiani; Lalit Dandona; Rakhi Dandona; Parnaz Daneshpajouhnejad; Jiregna Darega Gela; Meseret Derbew Molla; Abebaw Alemayehu Desta; Samath Dhamminda Dharmaratne; Meghnath Dhimal; Arielle Wilder Eagan; Mohammad Ebrahimi Kalan; Kristina Edvardsson; Andem Effiong; Maha El Tantawi; Iffat Elbarazi; Saman Esmaeilnejad; Ibtihal Fadhil; Emerito Jose A. Faraon; Medhat Farwati; Farshad Farzadfar; Mehdi Fazlzadeh; Valery L. Feigin; Rachel Feldman; Irina Filip; Filippos Filippidis; Florian Fischer; Luisa Sorio Flor; Nataliya A. Foigt; Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan; Masoud Foroutan; Mohamed M. Gad; Silvano Gallus; Biniyam Sahiledengle Geberemariyam; Birhan Gebresillassie Gebregiorgis; Lemma Getacher; Abera Getachew Obsa; Mansour Ghafourifard; Reza Ghanei Gheshlagh; Ahmad Ghashghaee; Nermin Ghith; Gabriela Fernanda Gil; Paramjit Singh Gill; Ibrahim Abdelmageed Ginawi; Salime Goharinezhad; Mahaveer Golechha; Sameer Vali Gopalani; Giuseppe Gorini; Michal Grivna; Avirup Guha; Rafael Alves Guimarães; Yuming Guo; Rajat Das Gupta; Rajeev Gupta; Tarun Gupta; Vin Gupta; Nima Hafezi-Nejad; Mohammad Rifat Haider; Randah R. Hamadeh; Graeme J. Hankey; Arief Hargono; Simon I. Hay; Golnaz Heidari; Claudiu Herteliu; Kamal Hezam; Thomas R. Hird; Ramesh Holla; Mehdi Hosseinzadeh; Mihaela Hostiuc; Sorin Hostiuc; Mowafa Househ; Thomas Hsiao; Junjie Huang; Charles Ugochukwu Ibeneme; Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye; Irena M. Ilic; Milena D. Ilic; Leeberk Raja Inbaraj; Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani; Jessica Y. Islam; Rakibul M. Islam; Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam; Farhad Islami; Hiroyasu Iso; Ramaiah Itumalla; Jalil Jaafari; Vardhmaan Jain; Mihajlo Jakovljevic; Sung-In Jang; Shubha Jayaram; Panniyammakal Jeemon; Ravi Prakas Jha; Jost B. Jonas; Mikk Jürisson; Ali Kabir; Zubair Kabir; Leila R. Kalankesh; Tanuj Kanchan; Himal Kandel; Neeti Kapoor; André Karch; Salah Eddin Karimi; Kindie Mitiku Kebede; Bayew Kelkay; Ryan David Kennedy; Yousef Saleh Khader; Ejaz Ahmad Khan; Maryam Khayamzadeh; Gyu Ri Kim; Ruth W. Kimokoti; Mika Kivimäki; Soewarta Kosen; Sindhura Lakshmi Koulmane Laxminarayana; Ai Koyanagi; Kewal Krishan; Nuworza Kugbey; G. Anil Kumar; Nithin Kumar; Om P. Kurmi; Dian Kusuma; Ben Lacey; Iván Landires; Savita Lasrado; Paolo Lauriola; Doo Woong Lee; Yo Han Lee; Janni Leung; Shanshan Li; Hualiang Lin; Wei Liu; Alessandra Lugo; Shilpashree Madhava Kunjathur; Azeem Majeed; Afshin Maleki; Reza Malekzadeh; Deborah Carvalho Malta; Abdullah A. Mamun; Narayana Manjunatha; Borhan Mansouri; Mohammad Ali Mansournia; Santi Martini; Manu Raj Mathur; Prashant Mathur; Mohsen Mazidi; Martin McKee; Carlo Eduardo Medina-Solís; Suresh Mehata; Walter Mendoza; Ritesh G. Menezes; Bartosz Miazgowski; Irmina Maria Michalek; Ted R. Miller; G.K. Mini; Andreea Mirica; Erkin M. Mirrakhimov; Hamed Mirzaei; Sanjeev Misra; Yousef Mohammad; Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani; Shafiu Mohammed; Ali H. Mokdad; Mariam Molokhia; Lorenzo Monasta; Mohammad Ali Moni; Rahmatollah Moradzadeh; Shane Douglas Morrison; Tilahun Belete Mossie; Sumaira Mubarik; Erin C. Mullany; Christopher J. L. Murray; Shankar Prasad Nagaraju; Mohsen Naghavi; Nitish Naik; Mahdi Nalini; Vinay Nangia; Atta Abbas Naqvi; Sreenivas Narasimha Swamy; Muhammad Naveed; Javad Nazari; Sabina O. Nduaguba; Ruxandra Irina Negoi; Sandhya Neupane Kandel; Huong Lan Thi Nguyen; Yeshambel T. Nigatu; Molly R. Nixon; Chukwudi A. Nnaji; Jean Jacques Noubiap; Christoph Nowak; Virginia Nuñez-Samudio; Felix Akpojene Ogbo; Ayodipupo Sikiru Oguntade; In-Hwan Oh; Andrew T. Olagunju; Mayowa O. Owolabi; P.A. Mahesh; Keyvan Pakshir; Liping Pan; Adrian Pana; Demosthenes Panagiotakos; Songhomitra Panda-Jonas; Ashok Pandey; Utsav Parekh; Eun-Cheol Park; Eun-Kee Park; Fatemeh Pashazadeh Kan; Mona Pathak; Shrikant Pawar; Richard G. Pestell; Hai Quang Pham; Marina Pinheiro; Khem Narayan Pokhrel; Akram Pourshams; Akila Prashant; Amir Radfar; Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar; Mohammad Hifz Ur Rahman; Muhammad Aziz Rahman; Amir Masoud Rahmani; Pradhum Ram; Juwel Rana; Chhabi Lal Ranabhat; Priya Rathi; David Laith Rawaf; Salman Rawaf; Reza Rawassizadeh; Andre M. N. Renzaho; Aziz Rezapour; Mavra A. Riaz; Leonardo Roever; Luca Ronfani; Gholamreza Roshandel; Ambuj Roy; Bedanta Roy; Basema Saddik; Amirhossein Sahebkar; Sana Salehi; Hamideh Salimzadeh; Abdallah M. Samy; Juan Sanabria; Milena M. Santric-Milicevic; Bruno Piassi Sao Jose; Brijesh Sathian; Monika Sawhney; Ganesh Kumar Saya; Falk Schwendicke; Abdul-Aziz Seidu; Nachimuthu Senthil Kumar; Sadaf G. Sepanlou; Omid Shafaat; Syed Mahboob Shah; Masood Ali Shaikh; Mohammed Shannawaz; Kiomars Sharafi; Aziz Sheikh; Sara Sheikhbahaei; Mika Shigematsu; Rahman Shiri; Kawkab Shishani; K.M. Shivakumar; Siddharudha Shivalli; Roman Shrestha; Soraya Siabani; Negussie Boti Sidemo; Inga Dora Sigfusdottir; Rannveig Sigurvinsdottir; João Pedro Silva; Ambrish Singh; Jasvinder A. Singh; Virendra Singh; Dhirendra Narain Sinha; Valentin Yurievich Skryabin; Anna Aleksandrovna Skryabina; Ali Soroush; Ireneous N. Soyiri; Chandrashekhar T. Sreeramareddy; Dan J. Stein; Paschalis Steiropoulos; Stefan Stortecky; Kurt Straif; Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader; Gerhard Sulo; Johan Sundström; Takahiro Tabuchi; Eyayou Girma Tadesse; Animut Tagele Tamiru; Minale Tareke; Md Ismail Tareque; Ingan Ukur Tarigan; Bhaskar Thakur; Kavumpurathu Raman Thankappan; Rekha Thapar; Musliu Adetola Tolani; Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone; Bach Xuan Tran; Jaya Prasad Tripathy; Gebiyaw Wudie Tsegaye; Hayley D. Tymeson; Saif Ullah; Brigid Unim; Rachel L. Updike; Olalekan A. Uthman; Marco Vacante; Constantine Vardavas; Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian; Madhur Verma; Simone Vidale; Bay Vo; Giang Thu Vu; Yasir Waheed; Yanzhong Wang; Kevin Welding; Andrea Werdecker; Joanna L. Whisnant; Nuwan Darshana Wickramasinghe; Befikadu Legesse Wubishet; Kazumasa Yamagishi; Yuichiro Yano; Vahid Yazdi-Feyzabadi; Yigizie Yeshaw; Mohammed Zewdu Yimmer; Naohiro Yonemoto; Zabihollah Yousefi; Chuanhua Yu; Ismaeel Yunusa; Hasan Yusefzadeh; Muhammed Shahriar Zaman; Mohammad Zamani; Maryam Zamanian; Mikhail Sergeevich Zastrozhin; Anasthasia Zastrozhina; Jianrong Zhang; Zhi-Jiang Zhang; Chenwen Zhong; Yves Miel H. Zuniga; Emmanuela Gakidou
Background: Chewing tobacco and other types of smokeless tobacco use have had less attention from the global health community than smoked tobacco use. However, the practice is popular in many parts of the world and has been linked to several adverse health outcomes. Understanding trends in prevalence with age, over time, and by location and sex is important for policy setting and in relation to monitoring and assessing commitment to the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. Methods: We estimated prevalence of chewing tobacco use as part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019 using a modelling strategy that used information on multiple types of smokeless tobacco products. We generated a time series of prevalence of chewing tobacco use among individuals aged 15 years and older from 1990 to 2019 in 204 countries and territories, including age-sex specific estimates. We also compared these trends to those of smoked tobacco over the same time period. Findings: In 2019, 273·9 million (95% uncertainty interval 258·5 to 290·9) people aged 15 years and older used chewing tobacco, and the global age-standardised prevalence of chewing tobacco use was 4·72% (4·46 to 5·01). 228·2 million (213·6 to 244·7; 83·29% [82·15 to 84·42]) chewing tobacco users lived in the south Asia region. Prevalence among young people aged 15–19 years was over 10% in seven locations in 2019. Although global age-standardised prevalence of smoking tobacco use decreased significantly between 1990 and 2019 (annualised rate of change: –1·21% [–1·26 to –1·16]), similar progress was not observed for chewing tobacco (0·46% [0·13 to 0·79]). Among the 12 highest prevalence countries (Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, India, Madagascar, Marshall Islands, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Palau, Sri Lanka, and Yemen), only Yemen had a significant decrease in the prevalence of chewing tobacco use, which was among males between 1990 and 2019 (−0·94% [–1·72 to –0·14]), compared with nine of 12 countries that had significant decreases in the prevalence of smoking tobacco. Among females, none of these 12 countries had significant decreases in prevalence of chewing tobacco use, whereas seven of 12 countries had a significant decrease in the prevalence of tobacco smoking use for the period. Interpretation: Chewing tobacco remains a substantial public health problem in several regions of the world, and predominantly in south Asia. We found little change in the prevalence of chewing tobacco use between 1990 and 2019, and that control efforts have had much larger effects on the prevalence of smoking tobacco use than on chewing tobacco use in some countries. Mitigating the health effects of chewing tobacco requires stronger regulations and policies that specifically target use of chewing tobacco, especially in countries with high prevalence. Funding: Bloomberg Philanthropies and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license
Spatial, temporal, and demographic patterns in prevalence of smoking tobacco use and attributable disease burden in 204 countries and territories, 1990â€“2019: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
(Elsevier B.V., 2021) Marissa B Reitsma; Parkes J Kendrick; Emad Ababneh; Cristiana Abbafati; Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari; Amir Abdoli; Aidin Abedi; E.S. Abhilash; Derrick Bary Abila; Victor Aboyans; Niveen ME Abu-Rmeileh; Oladimeji M Adebayo; Shailesh M Advani; Mohammad Aghaali; Bright Opoku Ahinkorah; Sohail Ahmad; Keivan Ahmadi; Haroon Ahmed; Budi Aji; Chisom Joyqueenet Akunna; Ziyad Al-Aly; Turki M Alanzi; Khalid F Alhabib; Liaqat Ali; Sheikh Mohammad Alif; Vahid Alipour; Syed Mohamed Aljunid; FranÃ§ois Alla; Peter Allebeck; Nelson Alvis-Guzman; Tarek Tawfik Amin; Saeed Amini; Hubert Amu; Gianna Gayle Herrera Amul; Robert Ancuceanu; Jason A Anderson; Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam; Carl Abelardo T Antonio; Benny Antony; Davood Anvari; Jalal Arabloo; Nicholas D Arian; Monika Arora; Malke Asaad; Marcel Ausloos; Asma Tahir Awan; Getinet Ayano; Getie Lake Aynalem; Samad Azari; Darshan B B; Ashish D Badiye; Atif Amin Baig; Mohammad Hossein Bakhshaei; Maciej Banach; Palash Chandra Banik; Suzanne Lyn Barker-Collo; Till Winfried BÃ¤rnighausen; Hiba Jawdat Barqawi; Sanjay Basu; Mohsen Bayati; Shahrzad Bazargan-Hejazi; Masoud Behzadifar; Tariku Tesfaye Bekuma; Derrick A. 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Background: Ending the global tobacco epidemic is a defining challenge in global health. Timely and comprehensive estimates of the prevalence of smoking tobacco use and attributable disease burden are needed to guide tobacco control efforts nationally and globally. Methods: We estimated the prevalence of smoking tobacco use and attributable disease burden for 204 countries and territories, by age and sex, from 1990 to 2019 as part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study. We modelled multiple smoking-related indicators from 3625 nationally representative surveys. We completed systematic reviews and did Bayesian meta-regressions for 36 causally linked health outcomes to estimate non-linear dose-response risk curves for current and former smokers. We used a direct estimation approach to estimate attributable burden, providing more comprehensive estimates of the health effects of smoking than previously available. Findings: Globally in 2019, 1·14 billion (95% uncertainty interval 1·13–1·16) individuals were current smokers, who consumed 7·41 trillion (7·11–7·74) cigarette-equivalents of tobacco in 2019. Although prevalence of smoking had decreased significantly since 1990 among both males (27·5% [26·5–28·5] reduction) and females (37·7% [35·4–39·9] reduction) aged 15 years and older, population growth has led to a significant increase in the total number of smokers from 0·99 billion (0·98–1·00) in 1990. Globally in 2019, smoking tobacco use accounted for 7·69 million (7·16–8·20) deaths and 200 million (185–214) disability-adjusted life-years, and was the leading risk factor for death among males (20·2% [19·3–21·1] of male deaths). 6·68 million [86·9%] of 7·69 million deaths attributable to smoking tobacco use were among current smokers. Interpretation: In the absence of intervention, the annual toll of 7·69 million deaths and 200 million disability-adjusted life-years attributable to smoking will increase over the coming decades. Substantial progress in reducing the prevalence of smoking tobacco use has been observed in countries from all regions and at all stages of development, but a large implementation gap remains for tobacco control. Countries have a clear and urgent opportunity to pass strong, evidence-based policies to accelerate reductions in the prevalence of smoking and reap massive health benefits for their citizens. Funding: Bloomberg Philanthropies and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license
The global burden of cancer attributable to risk factors, 2010–19: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
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Glasbey; Justyna Godos; Amit Goel; Mahaveer Golechha; Pouya Goleij; Davide Golinelli; Mohamad Golitaleb; Giuseppe Gorini; Bárbara Niegia Garcia Goulart; Giuseppe Grosso; Habtamu Alganeh Guadie; Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen Gubari; Temesgen Worku Gudayu; Maximiliano Ribeiro Guerra; Damitha Asanga Gunawardane; Bhawna Gupta; Sapna Gupta; Veer Bala Gupta; Vivek Kumar Gupta; Mekdes Kondale Gurara; Alemu Guta; Parham Habibzadeh; Atlas Haddadi Avval; Nima Hafezi-Nejad; Adel Hajj Ali; Arvin Haj-Mirzaian; Esam S. Halboub; Aram Halimi; Rabih Halwani; Randah R. Hamadeh; Sajid Hameed; Samer Hamidi; Asif Hanif; Sanam Hariri; Netanja I. Harlianto; Josep Maria Haro; Risky Kusuma Hartono; Ahmed I. Hasaballah; S.M. Mahmudul Hasan; Hamidreza Hasani; Seyedeh Melika Hashemi; Abbas M. Hassan; Soheil Hassanipour; Khezar Hayat; Golnaz Heidari; Mohammad Heidari; Zahra Heidarymeybodi; Brenda Yuliana Herrera-Serna; Claudiu Herteliu; Kamal Hezam; Yuta Hiraike; Mbuzeleni Mbuzeleni Hlongwa; Ramesh Holla; Marianne Holm; Nobuyuki Horita; Mohammad Hoseini; Md. Mahbub Hossain; Mohammad Bellal Hossain Hossain; Mohammad-Salar Hosseini; Ali Hosseinzadeh; Mehdi Hosseinzadeh; Mihaela Hostiuc; Sorin Hostiuc; Mowafa Househ; Junjie Huang; Fernando N. Hugo; Ayesha Humayun; Salman Hussain; Nawfal R. Hussein; Bing-Fang Hwang; Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye; Pulwasha Maria Iftikhar; Kevin S. Ikuta; Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi; Irena M. Ilic; Milena D. Ilic; Mustapha Immurana; Kaire Innos; Pooya Iranpour; Lalu Muhammad Irham; Md Shariful Islam; Rakibul M. Islam; Farhad Islami; Nahlah Elkudssiah Ismail; Gaetano Isola; Masao Iwagami; Linda Merin J; Abhishek Jaiswal; Mihajlo Jakovljevic; Mahsa Jalili; Shahram Jalilian; Elham Jamshidi; Sung-In Jang; Chinmay T. Jani; Tahereh Javaheri; Umesh Umesh Jayarajah; Shubha Jayaram; Seyed Behzad Jazayeri; Rime Jebai; Bedru Jemal; Wonjeong Jeong; Ravi Prakash Jha; Har Ashish Jindal; Yetunde O. John-Akinola; Jost B. Jonas; Tamas Joo; Nitin Joseph; Farahnaz Joukar; Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak; Mikk Jürisson; Ali Kabir; Salah Eddine Oussama Kacimi; Vidya Kadashetti; Farima Kahe; Pradnya Vishal Kakodkar; Laleh R. Kalankesh; Leila R. Kalankesh; Rohollah Kalhor; Vineet Kumar Kamal; Farin Kamangar; Ashwin Kamath; Tanuj Kanchan; Eswar Kandaswamy; Himal Kandel; HyeJung Kang; Girum Gebremeskel Kanno; Neeti Kapoor; Sitanshu Sekhar Kar; Shama D. Karanth; Ibraheem M. Karaye; André Karch; Amirali Karimi; Bekalu Getnet Kassa; Patrick D.M.C. Katoto; Joonas H. Kauppila; Harkiran Kaur; Abinet Gebremickael Kebede; Leila Keikavoosi-Arani; Gemechu Gemechu Kejela; Phillip M. Kemp Bohan; Maryam Keramati; Mohammad Keykhaei; Himanshu Khajuria; Abbas Khan; Abdul Aziz Khan Khan; Ejaz Ahmad Khan; Gulfaraz Khan; Md. 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Lopukhov; László Lorenzovici; Mojgan Lotfi; Joana A. Loureiro; Raimundas Lunevicius; Farzan Madadizadeh; Ahmad R. Mafi; Sameh Magdeldin; Soleiman Mahjoub; Ata Mahmoodpoor; Morteza Mahmoudi; Marzieh Mahmoudimanesh; Rashidul Alam Mahumud; Azeem Majeed; Jamal Majidpoor; Alaa Makki; Konstantinos Christos Makris; Elaheh Malakan Rad; Mohammad-Reza Malekpour; Reza Malekzadeh; Ahmad Azam Malik; Tauqeer Hussain Mallhi; Sneha Deepak Mallya; Mohammed A. Mamun; Ana Laura Manda; Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei; Borhan Mansouri; Mohammad Ali Mansournia; Lorenzo Giovanni Mantovani; Santi Martini; Miquel Martorell; Sahar Masoudi; Seyedeh Zahra Masoumi; Clara N. Matei; Elezebeth Mathews; Manu Raj Mathur; Vasundhara Mathur; Martin McKee; Jitendra Kumar Meena; Khalid Mehmood; Entezar Mehrabi Nasab; Ravi Mehrotra; Addisu Melese; Walter Mendoza; Ritesh G. Menezes; SIsay Derso Mengesha; Laverne G. Mensah; Alexios-Fotios A. Mentis; Andry Yasmid Mera Mera-Mamián; Tuomo J. Meretoja; Mehari Woldemariam Merid; Amanual Getnet Mersha; Belsity Temesgen Meselu; Mahboobeh Meshkat; Tomislav Mestrovic; Junmei Miao Jonasson; Tomasz Miazgowski; Irmina Maria Michalek; Gelana Fekadu Worku Mijena; Ted R. Miller; Shabir Ahmad Mir; Seyed Kazem Mirinezhad; Seyyedmohammadsadeq Mirmoeeni; Mohammad Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari; Hamed Mirzaei; Hamid Reza Mirzaei; Abay Sisay Misganaw; Sanjeev Misra; Karzan Abdulmuhsin Mohammad; Esmaeil Mohammadi; Mokhtar Mohammadi; Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani; Reza Mohammadpourhodki; Arif Mohammed; Shafiu Mohammed; Syam Mohan; Mohammad Mohseni; Nagabhishek Moka; Ali H. Mokdad; Alex Molassiotis; Mariam Molokhia; Kaveh Momenzadeh; Sara Momtazmanesh; Lorenzo Monasta; Ute Mons; Ahmed Al Montasir; Fateme Montazeri; Arnulfo Montero; Mohammad Amin Moosavi; Abdolvahab Moradi; Yousef Moradi; Mostafa Moradi Sarabi; Paula Moraga; Lidia Morawska; Shane Douglas Morrison; Jakub Morze; Abbas Mosapour; Ebrahim Mostafavi; Seyyed Meysam Mousavi; Haleh Mousavi Isfahani; Amin Mousavi Khaneghah; Christine Mpundu-Kaambwa; Sumaira Mubarik; Francesk Mulita; Daniel Munblit; Sandra B. Munro; Efrén Murillo-Zamora; Jonah Musa; Ashraf F. Nabhan; Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan; Shankar Prasad Nagaraju; Gabriele Nagel; Mohammadreza Naghipour; Mukhammad David Naimzada; Tapas Sadasivan Nair; Atta Abbas Naqvi; Sreenivas Narasimha Swamy; Aparna Ichalangod Narayana; Hasan Nassereldine; Zuhair S. 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Shahjahan Siraj; Freddy Sitas; Samarjeet Singh Siwal; Valentin Yurievich Skryabin; Anna Aleksandrovna Skryabina; Bogdan Socea; Matthew J. Soeberg; Ahmad Sofi-Mahmudi; Yonatan Solomon; Mohammad Sadegh Soltani-Zangbar; Suhang Song; Yimeng Song; Reed J.D. Sorensen; Sergey Soshnikov; Houman Sotoudeh; Alieu Sowe; Mu’awiyyah Babale Sufiyan; Ryan Suk; Muhammad Suleman; Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader; Saima Sultana; Daniel Sur; Miklós Szócska; Seidamir Pasha Tabaeian; Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos; Seyyed Mohammad Tabatabaei; Takahiro Tabuchi; Hooman Tadbiri; Ensiyeh Taheri; Majid Taheri; Moslem Taheri Soodejani; Ken Takahashi; Iman M. Talaat; Mircea Tampa; Ker-Kan Tan; Nathan Y. Tat; Vivian Y. Tat; Ahmad Tavakoli; Arash Tavakoli; Arash Tehrani-Banihashemi; Yohannes Tekalegn; Fisaha Haile Tesfay; Rekha Thapar; Aravind Thavamani; Viveksandeep Thoguluva Chandrasekar; Nihal Thomas; Nikhil Kenny Thomas; Jansje Henny Vera Ticoalu; Amir Tiyuri; Daniel Nigusse Tollosa; Roman Topor-Madry; Mathilde Touvier; Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone; Eugenio Traini; Mai Thi Ngoc Tran; Jaya Prasad Tripathy; Gebresilasea Gendisha Ukke; Irfan Ullah; Saif Ullah; Sana Ullah; Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan; Marco Vacante; Maryam Vaezi; Sahel Valadan Tahbaz
Background: Understanding the magnitude of cancer burden attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors is crucial for development of effective prevention and mitigation strategies. We analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 to inform cancer control planning efforts globally. Methods: The GBD 2019 comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate cancer burden attributable to behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risk factors. A total of 82 risk–outcome pairs were included on the basis of the World Cancer Research Fund criteria. Estimated cancer deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in 2019 and change in these measures between 2010 and 2019 are presented. Findings: Globally, in 2019, the risk factors included in this analysis accounted for 4·45 million (95% uncertainty interval 4·01–4·94) deaths and 105 million (95·0–116) DALYs for both sexes combined, representing 44·4% (41·3–48·4) of all cancer deaths and 42·0% (39·1–45·6) of all DALYs. There were 2·88 million (2·60–3·18) risk-attributable cancer deaths in males (50·6% [47·8–54·1] of all male cancer deaths) and 1·58 million (1·36–1·84) risk-attributable cancer deaths in females (36·3% [32·5–41·3] of all female cancer deaths). The leading risk factors at the most detailed level globally for risk-attributable cancer deaths and DALYs in 2019 for both sexes combined were smoking, followed by alcohol use and high BMI. Risk-attributable cancer burden varied by world region and Socio-demographic Index (SDI), with smoking, unsafe sex, and alcohol use being the three leading risk factors for risk-attributable cancer DALYs in low SDI locations in 2019, whereas DALYs in high SDI locations mirrored the top three global risk factor rankings. From 2010 to 2019, global risk-attributable cancer deaths increased by 20·4% (12·6–28·4) and DALYs by 16·8% (8·8–25·0), with the greatest percentage increase in metabolic risks (34·7% [27·9–42·8] and 33·3% [25·8–42·0]). Interpretation: The leading risk factors contributing to global cancer burden in 2019 were behavioural, whereas metabolic risk factors saw the largest increases between 2010 and 2019. Reducing exposure to these modifiable risk factors would decrease cancer mortality and DALY rates worldwide, and policies should be tailored appropriately to local cancer risk factor burden. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license
World Agriculture and Impact of Biotechnology
(Elsevier Inc., 2017) J. Pathak; Rajneesh; Ashok Pandey; Shailendra P. Singh; R.P. Sinha
Global agriculture is facing a serious threat from climate change, which may result in reduced productivity. Increasing food prices and greater global food insecurity are the outcomes of decreased productivity, and the persistence of such conditions may lead to a further increase in food prices, which could lead to social unrest and famine in certain instances. To ensure continued food security for an increasing global population, we must focus on improving crop productivity by exploiting new genetic sequencing and advanced "genomic breeding" and proteomics technologies. These technologies hold promise for crop improvement by developing crop species for particular environmental conditions. These technologies also allow plant breeders to target new crop species and traits effectively and simultaneously, such as resilience, quality, and yield, which are crucial to food security. Molecular breeding has a crucial role in improving crops. Although genetically modified (GM) crops hold good promise in enhancing crop productivity, GM crops face several challenges in agricultural growth, development, and sustainability. In this chapter, we discuss advances in the field of agriculture using advanced tools of biotechnology. © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.