Browsing by Author "Ashutosh Kumar Pandey"

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Air pollution tolerance index and anticipated performance index of some plant species for development of urban forest
(Elsevier GmbH, 2015) Ashutosh Kumar Pandey; Mayank Pandey; Ashutosh Mishra; Ssiddhant Mohan Tiwary; B.D. Tripathi
Urban forest is a collection of trees growing in urban area. Green plants are well known for their abilities to reduce air and noise pollution. It is important that plants used for the development of urban forest must be tolerant to air pollutants. There must be some criteria to select tolerant plants for urban forest and for that two indices viz. air pollution tolerance index (APTI) and anticipated performance index (API) can be a good tool. In the present study, 29 plant species commonly found in urban area of Varanasi, India, has been evaluated for their APTI and API. Based on these two indices, the most suitable plant species were identified and recommended for development of urban forest in Varanasi for long-term air pollution abatement. It was revealed that Ficus benghalensis L. and Ficus religiosa would be excellent performers. Similarly Polyalthia longifolia, Ficus glomerata (Roxb.), Anthocephalus indicus and Mangifera indica were estimated to be very good performers. In the similar fashion Cassia fistula L., Drypetes roxburghii, Terminalia arjuna, Psidium guajava L., Millingtonia hortensis and Dalbergia sissoo were estimated to be good performers with respect to anticipated performance index. © 2015 Elsevier GmbH.
Air Pollution Tolerance Index of climber plant species to develop Vertical Greenery Systems in a polluted tropical city
(Elsevier B.V., 2015) Ashutosh Kumar Pandey; Mayank Pandey; B.D. Tripathi
Urban greenery can provide a cost-effective and eco-friendly technique to help reduce air pollution in compact urban areas. Urbanization generally replaces natural vegetation with concrete structures. Greenery can be reintroduced into such urban areas by development of vertical greenery systems (VGSs) on building walls. Such plants must be selected based on their air pollution tolerance level. Air pollution tolerance index (APTI) is one such index which is based on four properties of plant leaves such as ascorbic acid content, leaf extract pH, relative water content and total chlorophyll content. In this study in Varanasi, India, air pollution was monitored at seven sites to know the air quality status, based on which two sites were selected for evaluating APTI. Twenty eight climber plant species commonly found near a polluted site (site-1) were selected and their APTI was evaluated. APTI of same set of plants were also analyzed at relatively less polluted rural site (site-7) for comparative study. Linear regression analysis has revealed a high positive correlation between APTI a d ascorbic acid content (R2=0.8676) and positive correlation between APTI and Chlorophyll content (R2=0.4957). On the basis of higher APTI values (greater than 17), eleven climber species i.e. Ipomoea palmata, Antigonon leptopus, Thunbergia grandiflora, Clerodendrum splendens, Aristolochia elegans, Quisqualis indica, Vernonia elaeagnifolia, Petrea volubilis, Adenocalymma comosum, Cryptolepis buchanani and Jacquemontia violacea have been identified at polluted urban site to develop vertical greenery systems in this compact tropical city. © 2015 Elsevier B.V.
Application of chemometric analysis and self Organizing Map-Artificial Neural Network as source receptor modeling for metal speciation in river sediment
(Elsevier Ltd, 2015) Mayank Pandey; Ashutosh Kumar Pandey; Ashutosh Mishra; B.D. Tripathi
Present study deals with the river Ganga water quality and its impact on metal speciation in its sediments. Concentration of physico-chemical parameters was highest in summer season followed by winter and lowest in rainy season. Metal speciation study in river sediments revealed that exchangeable, reducible and oxidizable fractions were dominant in all the studied metals (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb) except Mn and Fe. High pollution load index (1.64-3.89) recommends urgent need of mitigation measures. Self-organizing Map-Artificial Neural Network (SOM-ANN) was applied to the data set for the prediction of major point sources of pollution in the river Ganga. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd.
Assessment of Air Pollution Tolerance Index of some plants to develop vertical gardens near street canyons of a polluted tropical city
(Academic Press, 2016) Ashutosh Kumar Pandey; Mayank Pandey; B.D. Tripathi
The aim of the present study was to examine Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI) of some climber plant species to develop vertical gardens in Varanasi city which has characteristics of tall building and narrow roads. This condition results in street canyon like structure and hinders the vertical dispersal of air pollutants. We have selected 24 climber plant species which are commonly found in of Varanasi city. Chosen plants can be easily grown either in planter boxes or directly in the ground, with a vertical support they can climb on walls to form green walls or vertical garden. Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI) of the selected plant species was calculated and plants with higher APTI are recommended for the development of Vertical garden. Highest APTI was noted for Ipomoea palmata (25.39) followed by Aristolochia elegans (23.28), Thunbergia grandiflora (23.14), Quisqualis indica (22.42), and Clerodendrum splendens (22.36). However, lowest APTI value (8.75) was recorded for the species Hemidesmus indicus. Moreover, the linear regression analysis has revealed a high positive correlation between APTI and ascorbic acid content (R2=0.8837) and positive correlation between APTI and Chlorophyll content (R2=0.6687). On the basis of higher APTI values (greater than 17), nine species of climber plants viz. I. palmata, T. grandiflora, C. splendens, A. elegans, Q. indica, Petria volubilis, Antigonon leptopus, Cryptolepis buchuanni and Tinospora cordifolia have been recommended to develop vertical greenery systems in a compact tropical city. © 2015 Elsevier Inc.
Assessment of growth, physiological, and yield attributes of wheat cultivar HD 2967 under elevated ozone exposure adopting timely and delayed sowing conditions
(Springer, 2020) Annesha Ghosh; Ashutosh Kumar Pandey; Madhoolika Agrawal; Shashi Bhushan Agrawal
The present study was conducted to assess the impact of elevated levels of O3 and shifting of crop calendar practice, singly, and in combination on Triticum aestivum cv. HD 2967 on its growth, gas exchange parameters, and yield attributes in open-top chambers (OTCs). Two sowing dates were considered: timely sown and late sown. Late sowing was delayed by 20 days from the timely sowing date. The result revealed that wheat plants under elevated O3 and timely sown conditions (ET) showed reductions in growth parameters, while such effects were synergistic when plants were exposed to elevated O3 under late sown conditions (EL). Photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and water use efficiency reduced significantly under EL followed by ET and AL as compared with AT (ambient O3 + timely sown) whereas transpiration rate showed maximum increment under EL. Grain yield reduced by 45.3% in EL as compared with AT and 16.2% in ET as compared with AT. The growth parameters and yield attributes obtained from the present experiment revealed that (i) O3 is affecting the growth and productivity of the wheat and (ii) late sowing practice has not proved to be a feasible adaptation strategy for the wheat cultivation against O3-induced production losses under the prevailing conditions of Indo-Gangetic Plain. This is the first report documenting the shifting of crop calendar practice at the present and future scenario of O3 concentration under agro-ecological conditions in the tropical region of India. © 2020, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
Assessment of metal bioaccumulation in Mastacembelus armatus (eel) and exposure evaluation in human
(Elsevier B.V., 2017) Mayank Pandey; Ashutosh Kumar Pandey; Ashutosh Mishra; B.D. Tripathi
Present study deals with the physico-chemical and metal (Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb) quantification in river Ganga water and bioaccumulation of metals in vital organs (gill, liver and muscle) of Mastacembelus armatus. River water quality indicated that industrial effluents may be prime source of metal pollution in river Ganga. Higher organosomatic index in fish samples from downstream revealed the impact of higher metal concentration on vital organs. Metal pollution index was found highest in gill followed by muscle and least in liver. Metal concentration in muscle was compared with the FAO permissible guidelines which revealed that concentration of Cr, Cu and Cd were many folds higher than the permissible guidelines. Effective ingestive dose was calculated to assess the adverse impact caused by dietary exposure of studied metals and it was found that concentration of Cr, Cd and Pb was higher than the permissible concentration given by USEPA. © 2017 Elsevier B.V.
Assessment of metal species in river Ganga sediment at Varanasi, India using sequential extraction procedure and SEM-EDS
(Elsevier Ltd, 2015) Mayank Pandey; Ashutosh Kumar Pandey; Ashutosh Mishra; B.D. Tripathi
Aim of the present study was to assess impact of urban drains over river water and sediments by physico-chemical and metal analysis. Metal speciation (Sequential Extraction Procedure) and elemental composition analysis (SEM-EDS) was used to quantify metal pollution load in river sediments. Metal speciation analysis showed dominance of available and labile fractions of all heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb) except Mn and Fe which were dominant in residual forms. Cluster analysis (CA), Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and Partial Least Square Regression (PLSR) were applied as source receptor modeling for pollutants. Results classified river stretch into three zones i.e. moderately, severely and extremely polluted, on the basis of pollutant concentration released from anthropogenic sources. SEM-EDS study revealed the elemental composition percentage in river sediments. Pollution Load Index (PLI) varied from 1.8 (S1)-3.9 (S15). The Geo accumulation index (GAI) was found highest for Cd (6.88-8.97) and Pb (2.41-3.24). © 2015 Elsevier Ltd.
Assessment of the bioaccumulation of selected metals in Channa punctatus and Rita rita and exposure evaluation in humans
(Elsevier B.V., 2017) Mayank Pandey; Ashutosh Kumar Pandey; Ashutosh Mishra; B.D. Tripathi
The present study deals with the physico-chemical characterization of river water and evaluation of metal accumulation in vital tissues of fish Channa punctatusand Rita rita. Accumulation of hazardous metals (e.g. Cr, Cd and Pb) in tissues was higher than the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) regulations. Application of the metal pollution index (MPI) revealed that highest metal accumulation was in gills followed by liver, and least in muscle tissues in C. punctatus; whereas metal accumulation was highest in muscle tissue in R. rita. Ingestion dose for Cr, Fe, Co, Cd and Pb in samples from both species was found higher than permissible level prescribed by US Environment Protection Agency (USEPA). However, ingestive dose for Mn, Ni and Zn were found under the permissible guidelines. © 2017 Elsevier B.V.
Exploring rice straw as substrate for hydrogen production: Critical challenges and opportunities
(Elsevier B.V., 2023) Raj Morya; Fanirintsoa Herivonona Andrianantenaina; Saurabh Singh; Ashutosh Kumar Pandey; Gi-Beom Kim; Jay Prakash Verma; Gopalakrishnan Kumar; Tirath Raj; Sang-Hyoun Kim
Due to the world's constant demand for rice as a main food crop, the quantity of rice straw produced pressurizing the waste management strategies of the countries. Rice straw is a big waste management issue in rice-producing nations such as China, India, Vietnam, Indonesia, Brazil, etc. Burning rice straw on the field is the most preferred option for farmers to get rid of the rice straw which creates an array of environmental issues. In addition to jeopardizing the environment by emitting a significant quantity of greenhouse gases (GHGs), the inappropriate utilization of rice straw and open crop burning in the field also tend to lose farmers a very profitable by-product. Benefits can be harnessed by utilizing the abundant rice straw as a raw material for valuable product generation. This work reviews the significant aspects of the use of rice straw as an imperative source of clean energy. The paper emphasizes some important background knowledge, such as the chemical, and physical properties that determine the caliber of rice straw. The different pretreatment methods that can make rice straw equipped for hydrogen production have also been discussed. The latest thermochemical and biochemical approaches for converting rice straw into hydrogen are vividly presented. Further studying the viability of producing hydrogen from rice straw in the context of modern agriculture becomes more crucial. The present review also discussed the policies and current situation of hydrogen production globally and provides a forecast on the state of hydrogen as a clean fuel for a sustainable future. © 2023 The Author(s)
Human population genomics approach in food metabolism
(Elsevier, 2021) Ajai K. Pathak; Katyayani Sukhavasi; Davide Marnetto; Gyaneshwer Chaubey; Ashutosh Kumar Pandey
Changes in the environment and demography have been a defining factor throughout humans’ evolutionary history, reflected by noticeable changes in dietary habits. It can be seen in the shift from foraging-based eating and cooking to the domestication of animals and plants. Such environmental and dietary transitions led selective pressures are believed to have impacted human genome variation and associated traits. Genome variations caused by genetic adaptations to specific dietary components might have played a substantial role in diet-linked phenotypic differences among modern humans and their health conditions. Thus, a better-suited dietary behavior may help reduce the human health burden and shape the future of food. Advancing genome technologies have led to a tremendous expansion in the number of genome sequences from different modern and ancient human populations, that spread to broader geographical regions and adapted locally, leading to the era of population genomics. These developments have facilitated the path to detect and precisely map different locally adapted genetic variants, particular to the population of a region that was exposed to a specific environment and diet. These finely mapped genetic variants have varying impacts on food metabolism and can be used in the budding field of nutritional genomics to understand gene-diet-health interactions at the individual level, leading to the dietary choice based on individual health. This chapter briefly discusses how combination of population genetics and nutritional genomics can help in managing human health in the modern-day urban society. © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Recent updates in biohydrogen production strategies and life–cycle assessment for sustainable future
(Elsevier Ltd, 2022) Raj Morya; Tirath Raj; Youngkyu Lee; Ashutosh Kumar Pandey; Deepak Kumar; Reeta Rani Singhania; Saurabh Singh; Jay Prakash Verma; Sang-Hyoun Kim
Biohydrogen (bio-H2) is regarded as a clean, non-toxic, energy carrier and has enormous potential for transforming fossil fuel-based economy. The development of a continuous high-rate H2 production with low-cost economics following an environmentally friendly approach should be admired for technology demonstration. Thus, the current review discusses the biotechnological and thermochemical pathways for H2 production. Thermochemical conversion involves pyrolysis and gasification routes, while biotechnological involves light-dependent processes (e.g., direct and indirect photolysis, photo/ dark fermentation strategies). Moreover, environmentally friendly technologies can be created while utilizing renewable energy sources including lignocellulosic, wastewater, sludge, microalgae, and others, which are still being developed. Lifecycle assessment (LCA) evaluates and integrates the economic, environmental, and social performance of H2 production from biomass, microalgae, and biochar. Moreover, system boundaries evaluation, i.e., global warming potential, acidification, eutrophication, and sensitivity analysis could lead in development of sustainable bioenergy transition with high economic and environmental benefits. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd
Risk assessment of metal species in sediments of the river ganga
(Elsevier, 2014) Mayank Pandey; Smriti Tripathi; Ashutosh Kumar Pandey; B.D. Tripathi
The present study deals with the geochemical fractions of nine heavy metals [chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb)] present on the river sediments using sequential extraction process (SEP) and total acid digestion (TAD). This work was conducted on Ganga river sediments at Varanasi. A ten kilometer stretch of the river Ganga from Samne Ghat to Varuna-Ganga confluence was selected to perform this study. Pollution Load Index (PLI) varied from 1.2 to 3. Geo-accumulation index (Igeo) and Risk Assessment Code (RAC) showed higher concern for Cd and Pb whereas Mn, Fe and Ni showed negative accumulation index at all sampling stations. Lead, cadmium, copper and nickel were present significantly in available fraction; however, the Igeo of Ni was found negative at all stations. Various sources of the metal pollution in the city include domestic, industrial and agricultural untreated wastewater draining into the river. Geochemical fractions of the metals-pH relation study, using Medusa Hydra chemical equilibrium software, revealed the presence of different species of metals at different pHs. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.
Speciation of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic metals in respirable suspended particulate matter (PM10) in Varanasi, India
(Elsevier B.V., 2017) Mayank Pandey; Ashutosh Kumar Pandey; Ashutosh Mishra; B.D. Tripathi
Present study deals with the speciation of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic metal (Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb) in respirable suspended particulate matter (RSPM) using sequential extraction procedure (SEP) in ambient air of Varanasi, India. Higher concentration of Fe, Zn and Cu followed by Cr, Mn, Co, Cd and Pb was found in RSPM. Exchangeable fraction was highly significant in all metals except Fe which was dominant in residual fractions. Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) was conducted to assess weight percentage of elements. EDX results revealed that particulate matter collected at Banaras Hindu University (BHU) contain Boron (55.39 wt%) which was absent at other two sites. Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb were present in significant wt% at BHU and Chandpur Industrial Estate. Metals released from anthropogenic activities may cause respiratory and dermal diseases as immediate symptoms. In long term, bioaccumulation and biomagnifications of metals may lead to serious life threatening diseases like cancer. © 2017 Elsevier B.V.