Browsing by Author "Ashwini Kumar Upadhyay"

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Correlation study to identify the factors affecting COVID-19 case fatality rates in India
(Elsevier Ltd, 2021) Ashwini Kumar Upadhyay; Shreyanshi Shukla
Background and aims: In India, COVID-19 case fatality rates (CFRs) have consistently been very high in states like Punjab and Maharashtra and very low in Kerala and Assam. To investigate the discrepancy in state-wise CFRs, datasets on various factors related to demography, socio-economy, public health, and healthcare capacity have been collected to study their association with CFR. Methods: State-wise COVID-19 data was collected till April 22, 2021. The latest data on the various factors have been collected from reliable sources. Pearson correlation, two-tailed P test, Spearman rank correlation, and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) structures have been used to assess the association between various factors and CFR. Results: Life expectancies, prevalence of overweight, COVID-19 test positive rates, and H1N1 fatality rates show a significant positive association with CFR. Human Development Index, per capita GDP, public affairs index, health expenditure per capita, availability of govt. doctors & hospital beds, prevalence of certain diseases, and comorbidities like diabetes and hypertension show insignificant association with CFR. Sex ratio, health expenditure as a percent of GSDP, and availability of govt. hospitals show a significant negative correlation with CFR. Conclusion: The study indicates that older people, males of younger age groups, and overweight people are at more fatality risk from COVID-19. Certain diseases and common comorbidities like diabetes and hypertension do not seem to have any significant effect on CFR. States with better COVID-19 testing rates, health expenditure, and healthcare capacity seem to perform better with regard to COVID-19 fatality rates. © 2021 Diabetes India
Effects of Educational and Socio-economic Factors on Child Marriages in India: A Statistical Analysis
(Sage Publications India Pvt. Ltd, 2024) Shreyanshi Shukla; Ashwini Kumar Upadhyay; Seema Tiwari
Child marriage poses a significant threat to a child’s freedom, right to education, health and overall development potential. This study examines the influence of educational factors and socio-economic development on the prevalence of child marriage in India. Using reliable data sources, a Pearson product–moment correlation analysis and a two-tailed significance P test were conducted to reveal relationships between child marriage, education and socio-economic factors. Additionally, artificial neural network structures were employed to develop a regression model that further validates these associations. This study demonstrates that regions with strong educational systems, high enrolment rates (especially for girls) and increased educational spending significantly reduce child marriage prevalence. In contrast, high student-to-teacher ratios and dropout rates exacerbate the issue. The analysis reveals a strong negative correlation between child marriage prevalence and socio-economic factors such as urbanisation, life expectancy, per capita income and the Human Development Index. Conversely, factors such as Hindu population percentage and infant mortality rates show a significant positive association. These findings underscore the necessity of investing in education and promoting socio-economic development to combat the deeply harmful practice of child marriage. Targeted interventions in these areas have the potential to protect children’s rights and create a brighter future for generations to come. © 2024 Institute for Human Development.