Browsing by Author "Atul Garkal"

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Direct transport theory: From the nose to the brain
(Elsevier, 2021) Namdev Dhas; Dattatray Yadav; Ashutosh Singh; Atul Garkal; Ritu Kudarha; Priyanka Bangar; Jignasa Savjani; Chandrakantsing V. Pardeshi; Neha Garg; Tejal Mehta
The delivery of drugs to CNS has been constrained due to the presence of blood-brain barrier (BBB). The intranasal route involving several pathways (viz., olfactory, trigeminal, and rostral migratory stream-based pathway) has emerged as potential route to bypass the BBB and transport drug directly to the brain. In another terms, intranasal route involves two distinct mechanistic transportation pathways, viz., extracellular and intracellular. Extracellular pathway is responsible for the transportation of drug directly to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by passing through paracellular space across the nasal epithelium, then through the perineuronal space to the subarachnoid space of the brain. However, intracellular pathways start with olfactory sensory cell-based endocytosis, followed by axonal transportation to their synaptic clefts in the olfactory bulb where the therapeutic moiety is exocytosed. This chapter inculcates various pathways and transport mechanisms involved in the direct transportation of drugs to the brain. The several case studies involving pharmacokinetics of nanoparticle-based delivery systems when administered intranasally have also been explained in this chapter. © 2021 Elsevier Inc.
Molybdenum-based hetero-nanocomposites for cancer therapy, diagnosis and biosensing application: Current advancement and future breakthroughs
(Elsevier B.V., 2021) Namdev Dhas; Ritu Kudarha; Atul Garkal; Vivek Ghate; Shilpa Sharma; Prabhakar Panzade; Shubham Khot; Pinal Chaudhari; Ashutosh Singh; Mitali Paryani; Shaila Lewis; Neha Garg; Narinder Singh; Priyanka Bangar; Tejal Mehta
In recent years, there have been significant advancements in the nanotechnology for cancer therapy. Even though molybdenum disulphide (MoS2)-based nanocomposites demonstrated extensive applications in biosensing, bioimaging, phototherapy, the review article focusing on MoS2 nanocomposite platform has not been accounted for yet. The review summarizes recent strategies on design and fabrication of MoS2-based nanocomposites and their modulated properties in cancer treatment. The review also discussed several therapeutic strategies (photothermal, photodynamic, immunotherapy, gene therapy and chemotherapy) and their combinations for efficient cancer therapy along with certain case studies. The review also inculcates various diagnostic techniques viz. magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, photoacoustic imaging and fluorescence imaging for diagnosis of cancer. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.
Recent advancements in nanomaterial-mediated ferroptosis-induced cancer therapy: Importance of molecular dynamics and novel strategies
(Elsevier Inc., 2024) Namdev Dhas; Ritu Kudarha; Ruchi Tiwari; Gaurav Tiwari; Neha Garg; Praveen Kumar; Sanjay Kulkarni; Jahnavi Kulkarni; Soji Soman; Aswathi R. Hegde; Jayvadan Patel; Atul Garkal; Anam Sami; Deepanjan Datta; Viola Colaco; Tejal Mehta; Lalitkumar Vora; Srinivas Mutalik
Ferroptosis is a novel type of controlled cell death resulting from an imbalance between oxidative harm and protective mechanisms, demonstrating significant potential in combating cancer. It differs from other forms of cell death, such as apoptosis and necrosis. Molecular therapeutics have hard time playing the long-acting role of ferroptosis induction due to their limited water solubility, low cell targeting capacity, and quick metabolism in vivo. To this end, small molecule inducers based on biological factors have long been used as strategy to induce cell death. Research into ferroptosis and advancements in nanotechnology have led to the discovery that nanomaterials are superior to biological medications in triggering ferroptosis. Nanomaterials derived from iron can enhance ferroptosis induction by directly releasing large quantities of iron and increasing cell ROS levels. Moreover, utilizing nanomaterials to promote programmed cell death minimizes the probability of unfavorable effects induced by mutations in cancer-associated genes such as RAS and TP53. Taken together, this review summarizes the molecular mechanisms involved in ferroptosis along with the classification of ferroptosis induction. It also emphasized the importance of cell organelles in the control of ferroptosis in cancer therapy. The nanomaterials that trigger ferroptosis are categorized and explained. Iron-based and noniron-based nanomaterials with their characterization at the molecular and cellular levels have been explored, which will be useful for inducing ferroptosis that leads to reduced tumor growth. Within this framework, we offer a synopsis, which traverses the well-established mechanism of ferroptosis and offers practical suggestions for the design and therapeutic use of nanomaterials. © 2024 The Authors
Stimuli responsive and receptor targeted iron oxide based nanoplatforms for multimodal therapy and imaging of cancer: Conjugation chemistry and alternative therapeutic strategies
(Elsevier B.V., 2021) Namdev Dhas; Ritu Kudarha; Abhijeet Pandey; Ajinkya N. Nikam; Shilpa Sharma; Ashutosh Singh; Atul Garkal; Kartik Hariharan; Amanpreet Singh; Priyanka Bangar; Dattatray Yadhav; Dhaivat Parikh; Krutika Sawant; Srinivas Mutalik; Neha Garg; Tejal Mehta
Cancer being one of the most precarious and second most fatal diseases evokes opportunities for multimodal delivery platforms which will act synergistically for efficient cancer treatment. Multifunctional iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (IONPs) are being studied for few decades and still attracting increasing attention for several biomedical applications owing to their multifunctional design and intrinsic magnetic properties that provide a multimodal theranostic platform for cancer therapy, monitoring and diagnosis. The review article aims to provide brief information on various surface chemistries involved in modulating IONPs properties to exhibit potential therapy in cancer treatment. The review addresses structural, magnetic, thermal and optical properties of IONPs which aids in the fabrication of efficient multimodal nanoplatform in cancer therapy. The review discussed the pharmacokinetics of IONPs and attributes influencing them. This review inculcates recent advancements in therapies, focused on tumor-microenvironment-responsive and targeted therapy along with their eminent role in cancer diagnosis. The concept of stimuli-responsive including endogenous, exogenous and dual/multi stimuli-based delivery platform demonstrated significantly enhanced anticancer therapy. Several therapeutic approaches viz. chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, hyperthermia, gene therapy, sonodynamic therapy, photothermal, photodynamic-based therapy along with biosensing and several toxicity aspects of IONPs have been addressed in this review for effective cancer treatment. © 2021