Browsing by Author "Avijit Sen"

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Allelopathic effect of cocklebur extract on the fertility status of soil in transplanted rice by controlling weed
(Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology, 2016) Ekta Kumari; Pravin Kumar Upadhyay; Avijit Sen; Priyankar Raha; Javvadi Padmavathi; Mona Nagargade; Vishal Tyagi
Nutrient status plays a sine quo non role in maintaining the fertility of any soil. All the soil and plant indices are directly or indirectly related to it. In this experiment the use of xanthium is taken as key indicator for not just control over the prominent weeds of rice but this reduction of weed intensity thereby increase the nutrient reserves in the soil. In rice, weed control at early stage is imperative for realizing desired level of productivity. Here extraction from cocklebur is taken as a weed management tool to find out the effect of varying rates of Xanthium strumarium extract through different solvents(petroleum ether, methanol and water extract @1000mg L-1, 2000mg L-1 and 3000mg L-1 each respectively) on dry weight of weed, nutrient content and removal by rice plant. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with twelve treatments replicated thrice on variety HUR 3022 including butachlor, pretilachlor and control. The nutrient availability was measured in terms of its content of the varied treatments and its uptake of nutrient in soil and plant at 30, 60 and 90 days after transplanting and at harvest. The application of petroleum ether extract @ 3000 mg L-1 of X. strumarium was found to having higher nutrient status in rice with lower status in weed ultimately controlling the most relative weed of rice i.e. Echinocloa spp. having the nutrient reserves in the soil as well as crop plant.
Effect of irrigation and nitrogen management on rice (Oryza sativa) under system of rice intensification and its residual effect on lentil (Lens culinaris)
(Indian Society of Agronomy, 2017) Madane Ananda Jagannath; J.K. Singh; Avijit Sen; J.S. Bohra
A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of irrigation scheduling and nitrogen management on growth, yield, quality and relative economics of hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.) (cv. ‘PHB 71’) under SRI and their residual effect on lentil (Lens culinaris Medik) (cv. ‘HUL 57’) on sandy-clay loam soil of Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh during rainy (kharif) and winter (rabi) seasons of 2014–15 and 2015–16. The experiment was laid out in split-plot design assigning 3 irrigation scheduling [irrigation at 2 days after disappearance of ponded water (DADPW), 5 DADPW and 8 DADPW] in the main-plots and 5 nitrogen management practices, [Recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN), RDN + Sesbania aculeata Poir as co-culture with rice, 75% RDN + Sesbania aculeata Poir as co-culture with rice, RDN + blue green algae (BGA) and 75% RDN+BGA] in the sub-plots, with 3 replications. Results revealed higher growth parameters, yield attributes and grain and straw yields (6.67 and 8.43 t/ha, respectively) under scheduling of irrigation at 2 DADPW as compared to 8 DADPW although it was statistically at par with scheduling of irrigation at 5 days after disappearance of ponded water. The magnitude of increase in grain and straw yield of hybrid rice under SRI by scheduling of irrigation at 2 DADPW over 8 DADPW was 14.0 and 10.3%, respectively on pooled basis. The NPK uptake by the crop and hulling, milling and head rice recovery of rice grain were found to be higher under scheduling of irrigation at 2 DADPW. Among the nitrogen management practices, RDN+BGA produced markedly higher leaf-area index (4.78), dry matter accumulation/hill (67.6 g), effective tillers/m2 (262), panicle length (31.7 cm), grains/panicle (190), weight/panicle (5.64 g), 1,000-grain weight (24.8 g), grain yield (6.78 t/ha) and straw yield (8.66 t/ha) over other nitrogen management practices. The residual effect of scheduling of irrigation at 5 DADPW applied to rice exhibited higher value of pods/plant, 1,000-grain weight, yield of grain and stover of lentil as well as NPK uptake by the crop. Further, application of RDN (150 kg N/ha) along with BGA (12 kg BGA powder/ha) to rice recorded the highest pods/plant, 1,000-grain weight and grain and stover yield and NPK uptake by succeeding lentil. © 2017, Indian Society of Agronomy. All rights reserved.
Effect of panchagavya and recommended dose of fertilizers on growth, nutrient content and productivity of transplanted rice (Oryza sativa) under middle Gangetic plain of India
(Indian Council of Agricultural Research, 2018) P.K. Upadhyay; Avijit Sen; S.K. Prasad; Yashwant Singh; J.P. Srivastava; S.P. Singh; R.K. Singh
A field trial was conducted at the Agricultural Research Farm, Banaras Hindu University during 2013-14 and 2014-15 to study the effect of time and rate of panchagavya application and recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) on growth, nutrient content and productivity of transplanted rice (Oryza sativa L.). Interaction of panchagavya and RDF exhibited significant effect on dry matter accumulation, productive tillers/m2 as well as grain and straw yields of rice. Enhancement by 42% in the number of productive tillers/m2 and 33% in grain yield was observed with the combination of D4 (seedling root dip + one spray at 30 DAT @ 6% + application through irrigation water at 60 DAT) + 100% RDF over 60%RDF without panchagavya. Application of panchagavya (D4) significantly increased nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in grain and straw following higher total uptake of these elements.120% RDF significantly increased the N, P and K content in grain and straw over 60, 80 and 100% RDF. Productive tillers/m2, panicle length and filled spikelets/panicle showed linear response with yield. Residual effect of panchagavya (D4) in combination with 100% RDF recorded 27% increment in the yield of lentil. © 2018 Indian Council of Agricultural Research. All rights reserved.
Effect of row spacing and moisture conservation practices on production potential of maize (Zea mays L.) in guava (Psidium guajava L.) based agrihorti system under rainfed condition
(Enviro Media, 2014) Bhalendra Singh Rajput; Nitya Nand Shukla; Pravesh Kumar; Avijit Sen; D.R. Bhardwaj
Observation was made on "Effect of row spacing and moisture conservation practices on production potential of maize in guava (Psidium guajava L.) Based agri-horti system under rainfed condition" at Agronomy farm of Rajiv Gandhi South Campus, Bañaras Hindu University, Barkachha Mirzapur, Uttar Pradesh (India) during kharif season of 2012-13. The site of experimental field is situated at 25° 10' North latitude, 82° 37 East longitudes, 427 meters above mean sea level in the semi-arid eastern plain zone. The field experiment was conducting under seven years old guava based agrihorti system with split plot design having three levels of row spacing (30cm, 45cm and 60cm) and four level of mulching (No mulch, paddy straw mulch, green weed mulch and dust mulch). The height, girth and canopy of the tree in seven years old guava were up to 3.15m, 21.50cm and 5.90m, respectively. Paddy straw mulch at 60 cm row spacing gave the highest number of grain cob-1 (358.07). Row spacing of 60 cm and paddy straw mulch produced significantly more grain weight plant-1 (64.13 g) over the all other mulch treatments. Row spacing at 45 cm produced significantly higher grain yield (52.21 q ha-1) over the 30 cm and 60 cm row spacing. Due to mulching treatments, grain yield significantly improved and highest grain yield (52.32 q ha-1) was recorded with the application of paddy straw mulch followed by green weed mulch (50.11 q ha-1) and dust mulch (49.38 q ha-1). In overall comparison, the pure maize crop yield was higher as compared to tree-crop system. © EM International.
Effect of sowing time, its pattern and fertility level on performance of CM 111 - An inbred parental line of maize hybrid in winter season
(1999) Avijit Sen; Subhash Chandra Singh; S.N. Sharma; A.K. Singh; A.K. Pal
A field trial was conducted during winter season (rabi) of 1995-96 and 1996-97 to study the response of maize inbred parental line CM 111 to sowing time (10, 20 and 30 November), fertility levels (50, 13.1, 16.67 and 3.5; 100, 26.2, 33.34 and 7.0, 150, 39.3, 50.01 and 10.5 kg/ha of N, P, K and Zn) and sowing pattern (60 cm x 25 cm, 50 cm x 20 cm and 50 cm x 15 cm). All the yield attributing characters except a few were significantly affected by dates of sowing, fertility levels and plant populations. Early sowing, higher doses of fertilizers and lower plant population recorded greater values for the yield attributing characters leading to greater seed yield. Sowing on 10 November gave 40.22 and 13.42% higher seed yield than 30 and 20 November of sowing respectively. F3 recorded 63.03 and 15.66% more yield than F1 and F2. The lowest plant population (S1) gave 24.28 and 11.28% more seed yield than S3 and S2, respectively. In the functional relationship while seed yield was observed to have a negative linear relationship with date of sowing and plant population, it was quadratic in case of fertility levels.
Effect of transplanting date and age of seedlings on growth, yield and quality of hybrids under system of rice (Oryza sativa) intensification and their effect on soil fertility
(Indian Council of Agricultural Research, 2016) Akhilesh Vishwakarma; J.K. Singh; Avijit Sen; J.S. Bohra; Smita Singh
A field experiment to study the effect of transplanting date and age of seedlings on growth, yield and quality of rice hybrids under SRI and their effect on soil fertility was conducted on sandy-clay loam soil at Varanasi during rainy (kharif) seasons of 2012 and 2013. The experiment on sandy loam soil was laid out in split-split plot design assigning three dates of transplanting (27 June, 7 July and 17 July) in main plot, two rice hybrids (PHB-71 and Pusa RH-10) in sub-plot and three age of seedlings (10, 14 and 18-day old) in sub-sub plot with three replications. Results revealed that higher growth parameters, viz. plant height (104.2 cm), tillers/hill (20.4), leaf area index (5.16) and dry matter accumulation/hill (31.2 g) and yield attributes, viz. effective tillers/m2 (248.2), panicle length (30.5 cm), grains/panicle (176), weight/panicle (5.08 g) and test weight (23.11 g), grain and straw yield (6.67 and 8.71 tonnes/ha, respectively) and harvest index (43.17) were observed under 27 June transplanting as compared to rest of the two dates of planting. Protein content in grain and kernel length before and after cooking also registered significant improvement in 27 June transplanted crop. The magnitude of increase in grain and straw yield of hybrid under SRI by the early transplanting (27 June) as compared to the late transplanting (17 July) was 19.9 and 15.2 %, respectively on pooled basis. However, soil pH, EC, organic carbon, available NPK, hulling, milling and head rice recovery percentage, kernel breadth (B) before and after cooking, length (L) elongation ratio and L/B ratio remained unaffected due to different dates of transplanting. Among the hybrids, PHB-71 produced markedly higher plant height (104.8 cm), tillers/hill (17.6), leaf-area index (4.91), dry matter accumulation/hill (29.5 g), effective tillers/m2 (236.4), panicle length (30.1 cm), grains/panicle (188), weight/panicle (4.62 g), test weight (22.67 g), grain yield (7.00 tonnes/ha), straw yield (8.95 tonnes/ha) and harvest index (43.87) over Pusa RH-10. Organic carbon content in soil as well as quality parameters viz. hulling, milling and head rice recovery percentage, protein content and kernel breadth before and after cooking were also recorded higher with PHB-71 than the Pusa RH-10. However, maximum available NPK, kernel length before and after cooking, length elongation and length breadth ratio before cooking were recorded with 'Pusa RH-10'. Younger aged seedlings (10-day old) recorded significantly higher growth and yield parameters, yields and harvest index over older aged seedlings (18-day), whereas maximum available NPK was recorded with older aged seedlings (18-day). The 10-day old seedlings gave 6.4 and 12.9% more grain yield than 14 and 18-day old seedlings, respectively. Interactive effect on grain yield was significant among date of transplanting, age of seedlings and hybrids. Transplanting of PHB-71 hybrid on 27 June having either 10 or 14-day old seedlings resulted in markedly higher grain yield as compared to rest of the treatments. © 2016, Indian Council of Agricultural Research. All rights reserved.
Effect of trichoderma and hydrogel on growth, yield and yield attributes of direct seeded rice (Oryza sativa) under rainfed condition
(Indian Council of Agricultural Research, 2019) Avijit Sen; Ram Kumar Singh; Deshraj Yadaw; Puja Kumari; V.K. Srivastava; Pravin Kumar Upadhyay; Ardith Sankar; Jyotipraksh Mishra; Ajoy Das; Najam Waris Zaidi; Manzoor Hussain Dar
A trial was conducted both in field and pot during the kharif season of 2015 at Banaras Hindu University, India to study the effect of hydrogel in combination with bio-agent on the performance of rice under rainfed condition. The field trial consisting of IR64 and DRR42 and Trichoderma and hydrogel making 10 treatments altogether was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) while in case of pot it was a factorial experiment. DRR42 + hydrogel (seed coating)+Trichoderma (seed treatment @ 12 g/kg) recorded higher yield (2.83 t ha -1 ) which was 43.76% higher than control but it remained at par with IR64. In the pot experiment hydrogel (seed coating)+Trichoderma (seed treatment) and hydrogel soil application registered higher RGR, CGR, root length, root weight. Survival of plants after imposition of drought at 60 days after sowing (DAS) was also found to be longer under the same treatments. © 2019 Indian Council of Agricultural Research. All Rights Reserved.
Effect of zinc, iron and manganese levels on growth attributes and grain yield of rice
(EM International, 2016) Ashok Kumar; Avijit Sen; Rakesh Kumar; P.K. Upadhyay
A field trial comprising of 3 levels of Zinc (Zn) - 0,5 and 10 kg ha-1,3 levels of Iron (Fe) - 0,15 and 30 kg ha-1 and 3 levels of Manganese (Mn) - 0,5 and 10 kg ha1 was carried out during the rainy seasons of 2008 and 2009 at the Agricultural Research Farm, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, to study their effects on growth and yields of rice variety HUBR 2-1. The experiment was conducted in 33 partial confounding with two replications. Half doses of all the micronutrients were applied as basal and rest half through foliar application at deferent intervals. Among the treatments, applied zinc @ 10 kg ha-1, iron 15 kg ha-1 and manganese 5 kg ha-1 recorded the maximum growth attributes and yield of rice.
Effect of Zinc, Iron and Manganese Levels on Quality, Micro and Macro Nutrients Content of Rice and Their Relationship with Yield
(Taylor and Francis Inc., 2017) Ashok Kumar; Avijit Sen; Pravin Kumar Upadhyay; Ram Kumar Singh
A field trial comprising three levels of zinc (Zn) 0, 5 and 10 kg ha-1, three levels of iron (Fe) 0, 15 and 30 kg ha-1 and three levels of manganese (Mn) 0, 5 and 10 kg ha-1 was carried out during the rainy seasons of 200 8 and 2009 at Varanasi, to study their effects on macro and micro nutrients content, yields and quality of rice variety HUBR 2–1. The experiment was conducted in 33 partial confounding with two replications. Half doses of all the micronutrients were applied as basal and the rest half through foliar application at different intervals. Among the treatments, Zn at 10 kg ha-1, iron at 15 kg ha-1 and Mn at 5 kg ha-1 recorded the maximum yield of rice. A similar trend was observed in all the quality parameters of rice. Individually Zn, Fe and Mn registered, respectively, 12.05, 8.60 and 4.46% more yield than the control. © 2017 Taylor & Francis.
Micronutrient fortification in crop to enhance growth, yield and quality of aromatic rice
(Triveni Enterprises, 2016) Ashok Kumar; Avijit Sen; Rakesh Kumar
A field trial comprising of 3 levels of Zn-0, 5and 10 kg ha-1, 3 levels of Fe-0, 15 and 30 kg ha-1 and 3 levels of Mn-0, 5 and 10 kg ha-1 was carried out during the two consecutive rainy seasons of 2008 and 2009 to study their effect on growth, yield and quality of aromatic rice cv. HUBR 2-1. The experiment was conducted in 33 partial confounding with three replications. All the micronutrients (Zn, Fe and Mn) were appliedas basal and rest half doses were applied through foliar application at different intervals of crop growth. Application of 10 kg Zn ha-1 recorded significantly higher growth attributes i.e. plant height, tiller hill-1, dry weight and leaf area index (LAI) as compared to preceding doses. Significant increase in growth attributes was also observed with the application of 15 kg Fe ha-1, but it was statistically similar to 30 kg Fe ha-1. Similarly, incorporation of 5 kg Mn ha-1 significantly increased the growth attributes of rice but further increase in Mn levels decreased the response. Application of 10 kg Zn ha-1 (51.33 q ha-1) and 15 kg Fe ha-1 (51.09 q ha-1) resulted in significantly higher grain yield over control. Whereas, application of 5 kg Mn ha-1 produced the highest grain yield (49.91 q ha-1), but was at par with 10 kg Mn ha-1 (49.18 q ha-1).In respect of quality traits, application of 10 kg Zn ha-1 and 15 kg Fe ha-1 recorded maximum values of hulling, milling, head rice recovery, kernel length and breadth, which remained significantly superior to rest of the doses. Hence, to achieve the maximum productivity, profitability, as well as, quality of aromatic rice cv. HUBR 2-1 was grown with application of 10 kg Zn and 15 kg Fe along with 5 kg Mn ha-1. © Triveni Enterprises, Lucknow (India).
Nutrient use efficiency: From basics to advances
(Springer India, 2015) Amitava Rakshit; Harikesh Bahadur Singh; Avijit Sen
This book addresses in detail multifaceted approaches to boosting nutrient use efficiency (NUE) that are modified by plant interactions with environmental variables and combine physiological, microbial, biotechnological and agronomic aspects. Conveying an in-depth understanding of the topic will spark the development of new cultivars and strains to induce NUE, coupled with best management practices that will immensely benefit agricultural systems, safeguarding their soil, water, and air quality. Written by recognized experts in the field, the book is intended to provide students, scientists and policymakers with essential insights into holistic approaches to NUE, as well as an overview of some successful case studies. In the present understanding of agriculture, NUE represents a question of process optimization in response to the increasing fragility of our natural resources base and threats to food grain security across the globe. Further improving nutrient use efficiency is a prerequisite to reducing production costs, expanding crop acreage into non-competitive marginal lands with low nutrient resources, and preventing environmental contamination. The nutrients most commonly limiting plant growth are N, P, K, S and micronutrients like Fe, Zn, B and Mo. NUE depends on the ability to efficiently take up the nutrient from the soil, but also on transport, storage, mobilization, usage within the plant and the environment. A number of approaches can help us to understand NUE as a whole. One involves adopting best crop management practices that take into account root-induced rhizosphere processes, which play a pivotal role in controlling nutrient dynamics in the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum. New technologies, from basic tools like leaf color charts to sophisticated sensor-based systems and laser land leveling, can reduce the dependency on laboratory assistance and manual labor. Another approach concerns the development of crop plants through genetic manipulations that allow them to take up and assimilate nutrients more efficiently, as well as identifying processes of plant responses to nutrient deficiency stress and exploring natural genetic variation. Though only recently introduced, the ability of microbial inoculants to induce NUE is gaining in importance, as the loss, immobilization, release and availability of nutrients are mediated by soil microbial processes. © Springer India 2015.
Performance of baby corn (Zea mays) under different fertility levels and planting methods and its residual effect on sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
(Indian Society of Agronomy, 2015) Marwan Manea; Avijit Sen; Ashok Kumar; Pravin Kumar Upadhyay; Yashwant Singh; Vinod Kumar Srivastava; Ram Kumar Singh
A field trial was conducted at Varanasi during 2010–11 and 2011–12, to study the effect of fertility levels and planting methods on growth, yield, nutrient uptake and economics of baby corn (Zea mays L.) and its residual biomass incorporation effect on sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]. The experiment was carried out in a spiltplot design with 4 replications. The main plots were allocated with fertility levels F0 (no fertilizer as control), F1 (75, 19.64, 37.35, 20 and 5), F2 (150, 39.28, 74.71, 40 and 10) and F3 (225, 46.76, 112.06, 60 and 15) kg/ha of N, P, K, S and Zn and sub-plots with combinations of 2 planting methods (flat bed and raised bed) and 2 varieties viz; (‘Pro-Agro 4212’ and ‘Sweet Corn Sugar 75’). Application of 225, 46.76, 112.06, 60 and 15 kg/ha of N, P, K, S and Zn fertility level significantly increased plant growth, yield, yield attributes and nutrient removal over rest of the treatments. Overall, this particular fertility level registered 55.0% more yield (without husk) than control. Among the sub-plot treatments raised bed planting recorded the highest plant height, leaf-area Index, dry-matter production, nutrient removal and registered 12.5% more baby corn yield (without husk) than flat bed, while ‘Pro-Agro 4212’ also recorded the same and registered 18.8% more baby corn yield (without husk) than Sweet Corn ‘Sugar 75’. Further, 225, 46.76, 112.06, 60 and 15 kg/ha fertility levels applied to previous crop increased the sorghum grain yield by (33.3%) over the control. © 2015 Indian Society of Agronomy. All rights reserved.
Planting methods and nitrogen effects on crop yield and soil quality under direct seeded rice in the Indo-Gangetic plains of eastern India
(2009) B.R. Bazaya; Avijit Sen; V.K. Srivastava
A field trial was conducted during the kharif (rainy) seasons of 2002 and 2003 at the Research Farm, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India. The trial was carried out to study the effect of planting methods, sources and levels of nitrogen on soil properties, yield and NPK uptake by rice (Oryza sativa L.) under direct seeded condition. Planting methods significantly influenced the physical, chemical and biological properties of soil. Bulk density (1.385 g cm-3), organic carbon (0.43%) and soil moisture content (15.46%) were higher in zero till seeding plots than rotavator and conventional seeding. However, infiltration rate, soil temperature, pH and electrical conductivity showed a declining trend under this treatment and were found maximum (11.54 mm h-1, 36.21 °C at 55 DAS, 30.65 °C at harvest, 7.59 and 0.47 ds m-1) with conventional seeding. The maximum population of bacteria (25.60 × 105), fungi (14.26 × 104) and azotobactor (10.19 × 103) were found in the plot with zero till seeding while in case of actinomycetes the highest population (25.61 × 105) was found in conventional seeding. Nitrogen sources as well as levels failed to bring about any significant change in the soil properties. The highest grain (3825 kg ha-1) and straw yields (5446 kg ha-1) and N, P, K uptake were recorded in conventional seeding and were found significantly superior to zero till seeding (3144 kg ha-1) but it remained at par with rotavator seeding (3585 kg ha-1). Among the nitrogen sources, neem (Azadirachta indica) coated urea produced significantly higher grain (3761 kg ha-1) and straw yields (5396 kg ha-1) with greater NPK uptake than prilled urea and prilled urea + spent mentha. (The distillation waste of mint (Mentha arvensis) herbage is known as spent mentha.) Application of 150 kg N ha-1 produced maximum grain (3828 kg ha-1) and straw yields (5460 kg ha-1) although it remained at par with 100 kg N ha-1 (3738 and 5393 kg ha-1). © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Response of rice (Oryza sativa) hybrids to integrated nitrogen management under different methods of cultivation
(Indian Society of Agronomy, 2016) A.L. Jat; V.K. Srivastava; Avijit Sen; J.S. Bohra; B.R. Maurya; Rajesh Kumar Singh
A field experiment was conducted during the rainy (kharif) seasons of 2012 and 2013 at Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, to study the effect of integrated nitrogen management on performance of rice (Oryza sativa L.) hybrids under different methods of cultivation on sandy clay-loam soil. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with 2 crop-establishment methods and 2 hybrids assigned to main plots, and 6 integrated nitrogen-management treatments were allocated in subplots and replicated thrice. Transplanting of rice under system of rice intensification (SRI) and rice cv. ‘Arize 6444’ recorded significantly higher growth attributes, viz. plant height, tillers/hill, leaf-area index, and dry-matter accumulation/hill, with almost all yield-attributing characters and yield, except plant height and panicle length which were significantly higher ‘PHB 71’ than ‘Arize 6444’. The SRI planting increased the grain and straw yield by 14.76% and 13.11% over normal transplanting. Similarly, SRI planting and ‘Arize 6444’ cultivar also gave significantly maximum benefit in respect to gross returns, net returns (66,138 and 61,535/ha) and benefit: cost ratio (1.86 and 1.66) over normal transplanting and ‘PHB 71’. Among all the integrated nitrogen-management treatments, application of 50% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) + 50% N through FYM + Azospirillum recorded significantly higher growth attributes, yield attributes, grain yield (6.94 t/ha), straw yield (9.16 t/ha), harvest index, net monetary returns (68,064/ha), but application of 125% RDN was found economically feasible in respect to benefit: cost ratio (1.88) owing to lower cost of cultivation. © 2017, Indian Society of Agronomy. All rights reserved.
Scientific validation of indigenous organic formulation-panchagavya for sustaining rice productivity and residual effect in rice-lentil system under hot semi-arid eco-region of middle indo-gangetic plains
(National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources (NISCAIR), 2019) Pravin Kumar Upadhyay; Avijit Sen; Sanjay Singh Rathore; Bipin Kumar; Ram Kumar Singh; Saroj Kumar Prasad; Ardith Sankar
Combined application of organic source of nutrient and inorganic fertilizers increases nutrient synchrony and reduces losses leading to sustainable productivity. With this concept in mind a field trial was conducted at Varanasi, India during 2013–14 and 2014–15, to evaluate and validate the efficiency and efficacy of panchagavya (blend of five cow products i.e. dung, ghee, curd, urine and milk) in combination with recommended doses of fertilizers (RDF) on rice yield, soil microbial population, soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC), soil enzymatic activity and their residual effects on lentil. Application of panchagavya (D4-seedling root dip + one spray at 30 days after transplanting-DAT @ 6% + application through irrigation water at 60 DAT) produced higher productive tillers/m2, number of filled spikelets/panicle, leaf area index (LAI), grain yield, soil bacterial and fungal population, SMBC and dehydrogenase activity. Application of 100% RDF significantly increased grain yield (5935 kg/ha) but 120% RDF recorded the highest straw yield (8283 kg/ha) and biological yield. Residual effect of panchagavya at D4 level resulted in higher (19.1% over control) seed yield of lentil. However, conjunctive use of 100% RDF and D4 ensured maximum net return (1194.9 $/ha).Therefore, use of indigenous product i.e. panchagavya in combination with fertilizer can be inferred to improve soil health, ascertain high productivity, profitability and sustainability in rice-lentil production, while preserving natural resource base under hot semi-arid eco-region of middle Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP). © 2019, National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources (NISCAIR). All rights reserved.
Soil and Plant Responses to the Application of Ascophyllum nodosum Extract to No-Till Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
(Taylor and Francis Inc., 2015) Avijit Sen; V.K. Srivastava; Ram K. Singh; A.P. Singh; P. Raha; A.K. Ghosh; N. De; A. Rakshit; R.N. Meena; Ashok Kumar; Om Prakash; M.K. Ghosh; Marwan Manea; P.K. Upadhyay
A field trial consisting of four granule formulation doses and five liquid formulation sprays of a seaweed extract from Ascophyllum nodosum commercially known as Biovita, along with the recommended dose of nitrogen (N)–phosphorus (P)–potassium (K), was conducted during 2008 and 2009 in BHU, Varanasi, India, to evaluate its effect on wheat (var. HUW 468) under a no-tillage system. Among the granule doses, the 10 kg ha−1 basal application and the two liquid sprays of 500 cm3 ha−1 each at 25 and 50 days after sowing significantly improved the performance of wheat. On an average under these two treatments, the greatest grain and straw yields were observed were 3454.5, 3446.5 and 5187.5, 5220.0 kg ha−1, respectively. The greatest protein content was found when further high doses of extract were applied. A faster decomposition of the paddy residue was also observed as indicated by an earlier decline in carbon (C)/N ratio of the soil in the treated plots. © , Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Soil Health, Energy Budget, and Rice Productivity as Influenced by Cow Products Application With Fertilizers Under South Asian Eastern Indo-Gangetic Plains Zone
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2022) Pravin Kumar Upadhyay; Avijit Sen; Yashwant Singh; Ram Kumar Singh; Saroj Kumar Prasad; Ardith Sankar; Vinod Kumar Singh; S.K. Dutta; Rakesh Kumar; Sanjay Singh Rathore; Kapila Shekhawat; Subhash Babu; Rajiv Kumar Singh; Bipin Kumar; Abir Dey; G.A. Rajanna; Ramesh Kulshekaran
The comprehensive use of organic, inorganic, and biological components of nutrient management in rice ecologies can potentially address the twin challenges of declining factor productivity and deteriorating soil health. A field study was thus conducted at Varanasi, India during the year 2013–14 and 2014–15 to assess the effect of the recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) along with cow product (blends of 5 cow by-products i.e., dung, ghee, curd, urine, and milk that is known as panchagavya) on soil health, energy budget, and rice productivity. The results revealed that the inclusion of panchagavya as seedling root dip + 6% spray at 30 days after transplanting (DAT) + an application with irrigation water (15 l ha−1) at 60 DAT (D4) along with 100% RDF (F3) noted significantly higher rice grain yield (6.34 t ha−1) and higher dehydrogenase activity. However, the soil bacterial and actinomycetes population, soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC), urease, and alkaline phosphatase activities were significantly higher with D4 along with 120% RDF (F4). Carbon output (5,608 kg CO2 eq ha−1), energy use parameters viz. energy output (187,867 MJ ha−1), net energy returns (164,319 MJ ha−1), and energy intensity valuation (5.08 MJ (Figure presented.)) were significantly higher under F4. However, the energy ratio (8.68), energy productivity (0.292 kg MJ−1), and energy profitability (7.68) remained highest with 80% RDF (F2), while the highest carbohydrate equivalent yield (4,641 kg mha−1) was produced under F3. The combination of F3 with D4 resulted in the highest productivity, optimum energy balance, and maintaining soil quality. Therefore, a judicious combination of cow product (panchagavya) with RDF was found to improve the rice productivity, energy profitability, and soil quality under south Asian eastern Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGPs). Copyright © 2022 Upadhyay, Sen, Singh, Singh, Prasad, Sankar, Singh, Dutta, Kumar, Rathore, Shekhawat, Babu, Singh, Kumar, Dey, Rajanna and Kulshekaran.
Subsurface nutrient modelling using finite element model under Boro rice cropping system
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2021) Ayushi Gupta; Manika Gupta; Prashant K. Srivastava; Avijit Sen; Ram Kumar Singh
Boro rice, an emerging low-risk crop variety of rice, cultivated using residual or stored water after Kharif season. To enhance the quality and production of rice, potassium (K) and phosphorus (P) are the common constituents of agricultural fertilizers. However, excess application of fertilizers causes leaching of nutrients and contaminates the groundwater system. Therefore, assessment and optimization of fertilizer dose are needed for better management of fertilizers. Towards this, the present study determines the path, persistence, and mobility of K and P under the Boro rice cropping system. The experimental site consisted of four plots having Boro rice with four different fertilizer doses of nitrogen (N), P, K viz. 100%, 75%, 50%, and 25% of the recommended dose. Disturbed soil samples were analysed for K and P from pre-sown land to tillering stage at 0–5, 5–10, 10–15, 15–30, 30–45, and 45–60 cm depths. Simultaneously, K and available P were also simulated in the subsurface soil layers through the HYDRUS-1D model. The statistical comparisons were made with RMSER, E, and PBIAS between the modelled values and laboratory-measured values. Although, the results showed that all the treatments considered had agreeable simulations for both K and P, the K simulations were found to be better as compared to P simulations except for 25% where P simulations outperformed K. The simulated concentration at all doses was found most appropriate when measured for the subsurface layers (up to 45 cm), while showed an underestimation in the bottom layers (45–60 cm) of soil. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. part of Springer Nature.
Surface seeding of wheat (Triticum aestivum) as affected by seed rate and nitrogen level
(2003) Avijit Sen; M.D. Pandey; S.N. Sharma; R.K. Singh; Ajay Kumar; Prakash Shukla; V.K. Srivastava
A field experiment was condeucted during the winter season of 1999-2000 and 2000-2001 at Varanasi, to investigate the effect of nitrogen levels (60, 90 and 120 kg/ha) and seed rates (125, 150 and 175 kg/ha) on performance of surface-seeded 'HUW 234' wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol.). The higher levels of nitrogen (120 kg/ha) although registered more tillers/m, leaf-area index, dry-matter accumulation, chlorophyll content, 1 000-seed weight, grain yield (3.440 and 2.361 tonnes/ha) and straw yield (3.870 and 2. 890 tonnes/ha), remained at par with 90 kg N/ha during both the years (except leaf-area index in second year). Nitrogen 90 kg/ha recorded 33.33 and 35.15% more grain yield than 60 kg N/ha during first and second year respectively. Similarly, in all these parameters 150 kg seed/ha exhibited best results which remained at par with 175 kg/ha. Root length reduced with the increase in dose of nitrogen, while root volume and dry weight were enhanced. The seed rate of 175 kg/ha showed significantly better root length and volume during both the years.