Browsing by Author "Avinash Marwal"

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Advantageous features of plant growth-promoting microorganisms to improve plant growth in difficult conditions
(Elsevier, 2023) Mukesh Meena; Garima Yadav; Priyankaraj Sonigra; Adhishree Nagda; Tushar Mehta; Prashant Swapnil; Avinash Marwal; Andleeb Zehra
Microbes play a fundamental role in plant growth and development. The valuable microbes, also known as plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPMs) belong to different groups such as fungi, bacteria, and archaea which are connected with plants in rhizospheric, epiphytic, and endophytic forms. These microorganisms display a group of function to promote plant growth such as phytohormone (auxin and gibberellin) production enhancement, siderophore production, micronutrient solubilization (P, K, Fe, and Zn), N2 fixation, antibiotic production, etc. Apart from growth promotion, PGPMs also confer stress and disease tolerance to plants for controlled agricultural production in harsh environmental conditions. PGPMs have the capability to induce systemic resistance (ISR) in crops against pathogen attack. To date, a huge number of microbial species have been documented for their plant growth-promoting ability. Generally, crops fail to provide adequate concentration of micronutrients in the human diet and cause micronutrient malnutrition and severe health complications. Considering all these points, PGPMs are utilized as biofertilizers to increase vigor and the nutrient value of crop plants at varied habitats. The present chapter is intended to focus the ability of PGPMs to perk up the plant growth in difficult conditions. © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Endophytic Nanotechnology: An Approach to Study Scope and Potential Applications
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2021) Mukesh Meena; Andleeb Zehra; Prashant Swapnil; Harish; Avinash Marwal; Garima Yadav; Priyankaraj Sonigra
Nanotechnology has become a very advanced and popular form of technology with huge potentials. Nanotechnology has been very well explored in the fields of electronics, automobiles, construction, medicine, and cosmetics, but the exploration of nanotecnology’s use in agriculture is still limited. Due to climate change, each year around 40% of crops face abiotic and biotic stress; with the global demand for food increasing, nanotechnology is seen as the best method to mitigate challenges in disease management in crops by reducing the use of chemical inputs such as herbicides, pesticides, and fungicides. The use of these toxic chemicals is potentially harmful to humans and the environment. Therefore, using NPs as fungicides/ bactericides or as nanofertilizers, due to their small size and high surface area with high reactivity, reduces the problems in plant disease management. There are several methods that have been used to synthesize NPs, such as physical and chemical methods. Specially, we need ecofriendly and nontoxic methods for the synthesis of NPs. Some biological organisms like plants, algae, yeast, bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi have emerged as superlative candidates for the biological synthesis of NPs (also considered as green synthesis). Among these biological methods, endophytic microorganisms have been widely used to synthesize NPs with low metallic ions, which opens a new possibility on the edge of biological nanotechnology. In this review, we will have discussed the different methods of synthesis of NPs, such as top-down, bottom-up, and green synthesis (specially including endophytic microorganisms) methods, their mechanisms, different forms of NPs, such as magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO-NPs), copper nanoparticles (Cu-NPs), chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs), β-d-glucan nanoparticles (GNPs), and engineered nanoparticles (quantum dots, metalloids, nonmetals, carbon nanomaterials, dendrimers, and liposomes), and their molecular approaches in various aspects. At the molecular level, nanoparticles, such as mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) and RNA-interference molecules, can also be used as molecular tools to carry genetic material during genetic engineering of plants. In plant disease management, NPs can be used as biosensors to diagnose the disease. © Copyright © 2021 Meena, Zehra, Swapnil, Harish, Marwal, Yadav and Sonigra.
Multifarious Responses of Forest Soil Microbial Community Toward Climate Change
(Springer, 2023) Mukesh Meena; Garima Yadav; Priyankaraj Sonigra; Adhishree Nagda; Tushar Mehta; Prashant Swapnil; Harish; Avinash Marwal; Sumit Kumar
Forest soils are a pressing subject of worldwide research owing to the several roles of forests such as carbon sinks. Currently, the living soil ecosystem has become dreadful as a consequence of several anthropogenic activities including climate change. Climate change continues to transform the living soil ecosystem as well as the soil microbiome of planet Earth. The majority of studies have aimed to decipher the role of forest soil bacteria and fungi to understand and predict the impact of climate change on soil microbiome community structure and their ecosystem in the environment. In forest soils, microorganisms live in diverse habitats with specific behavior, comprising bulk soil, rhizosphere, litter, and deadwood habitats, where their communities are influenced by biotic interactions and nutrient accessibility. Soil microbiome also drives multiple crucial steps in the nutrient biogeochemical cycles (carbon, nitrogen, phosphorous, and sulfur cycles). Soil microbes help in the nitrogen cycle through nitrogen fixation during the nitrogen cycle and maintain the concentration of nitrogen in the atmosphere. Soil microorganisms in forest soils respond to various effects of climate change, for instance, global warming, elevated level of CO2, drought, anthropogenic nitrogen deposition, increased precipitation, and flood. As the major burning issue of the globe, researchers are facing the major challenges to study soil microbiome. This review sheds light on the current scenario of knowledge about the effect of climate change on living soil ecosystems in various climate-sensitive soil ecosystems and the consequences for vegetation-soil-climate feedbacks. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
PGPR-mediated induction of systemic resistance and physiochemical alterations in plants against the pathogens: Current perspectives
(Wiley-VCH Verlag, 2020) Mukesh Meena; Prashant Swapnil; Kumari Divyanshu; Sunil Kumar; Harish; Yashoda Nandan Tripathi; Andleeb Zehra; Avinash Marwal; Ram Sanmukh Upadhyay
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are diverse groups of plant-associated microorganisms, which can reduce the severity or incidence of disease during antagonism among bacteria and soil-borne pathogens, as well as by influencing a systemic resistance to elicit defense response in host plants. An amalgamation of various strains of PGPR has improved the efficacy by enhancing the systemic resistance opposed to various pathogens affecting the crop. Many PGPR used with seed treatment causes structural improvement of the cell wall and physiological/biochemical changes leading to the synthesis of proteins, peptides, and chemicals occupied in plant defense mechanisms. The major determinants of PGPR-mediated induced systemic resistance (ISR) are lipopolysaccharides, lipopeptides, siderophores, pyocyanin, antibiotics 2,4-diacetylphoroglucinol, the volatile 2,3-butanediol, N-alkylated benzylamine, and iron-regulated compounds. Many PGPR inoculants have been commercialized and these inoculants consequently aid in the improvement of crop growth yield and provide effective reinforcement to the crop from disease, whereas other inoculants are used as biofertilizers for native as well as crops growing at diverse extreme habitat and exhibit multifunctional plant growth-promoting attributes. A number of applications of PGPR formulation are needed to maintain the resistance levels in crop plants. Several microarray-based studies have been done to identify the genes, which are associated with PGPR-induced systemic resistance. Identification of these genes associated with ISR-mediating disease suppression and biochemical changes in the crop plant is one of the essential steps in understanding the disease resistance mechanisms in crops. Therefore, in this review, we discuss the PGPR-mediated innovative methods, focusing on the mode of action of compounds authorized that may be significant in the development contributing to enhance plant growth, disease resistance, and serve as an efficient bioinoculants for sustainable agriculture. The review also highlights current research progress in this field with a special emphasis on challenges, limitations, and their environmental and economic advantages. © 2020 Wiley-VCH GmbH
Plant-Microbe Interaction - Recent Advances in Molecular and Biochemical Approaches: Volume 1: Overview of Biochemical and Physiological Alteration During Plant-Microbe Interaction
(Elsevier, 2023) Prashant Swapnil; Mukesh Meena; Harish; Avinash Marwal; Selvakumar Vijayalakshmi; Andleeb Zehra
Plant-Microbe Interaction - Recent Advances in Molecular and Biochemical Approaches: Overview of Biochemical and Physiological Alteration During Plant-Microbe Interaction, Volume One covers the role of these plant microbes and their interaction between plants and microbes. These beneficial microbes, such as bacteria and fungi are also known as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) through a biochemical reaction that may improve induced systemic resistance in the plant host via indirectly (against phytopathogens) or directly (the solubilization of mineral nutrients) by producing phytohormones and specific enzymes such as 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase. The book covers biochemical processes such as physiological, metabolic, etc. of plant and microbe interactions, the biochemistry of biological systems, the interaction of biological systems above-ground or within the rhizosphere, and the history of growth promoting microbiomes, their roles in phytoremediation efficiency, physiological and biochemical studies, chemical communication and signaling mechanisms. © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Plant-Microbe Interaction - Recent Advances in Molecular and Biochemical Approaches: Volume 2: Agricultural Aspects of Microbiome Leading to Plant Defence
(Elsevier, 2023) Prashant Swapnil; Mukesh Meena; Harish; Avinash Marwal; Selvakumar Vijayalakshmi; Andleeb Zehra
Plant-Microbe Interaction - Recent Advances in Molecular and Biochemical Approaches: Agricultural Aspects of Microbiome Leading to Plant Defence, Volume Two continues the work of Volume One, covering the role of these plant microbes and their interaction between plants and microbes. These beneficial microbes, such as bacteria and fungi are also known as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) through a biochemical reaction that may improve induced systemic resistance in the plant host via indirectly (against phytopathogens) or directly (the solubilization of mineral nutrients) by producing phytohormones and specific enzymes such as 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase. The book covers biochemical processes such as physiological, metabolic, etc. of plant and microbe interactions, the biochemistry of biological systems, the interaction of biological systems above-ground or within the rhizosphere, and the history of growth promoting microbiomes, their roles in phytoremediation efficiency, physiological and biochemical studies, chemical communication and signaling mechanisms. © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Vital roles of carotenoids in plants and humans to deteriorate stress with its structure, biosynthesis, metabolic engineering and functional aspects
(Elsevier B.V., 2021) Prashant Swapnil; Mukesh Meena; Sandeep Kumar Singh; Umesh Praveen Dhuldhaj; Harish; Avinash Marwal
Carotenoids are long conjugated isoprenoid molecules with over 1117 identified structures, belongs to the class of hydrocarbons, involved in a range of biological processes in plants and humans. In plant cells, plastids are the organelles that play a central role in governing biosynthesis, stability and activity of carotenoids, and their diversity. In photosynthetic tissues, carotenoids act as accessory light‐harvesting pigments and extend the range of light absorption, and also play a very important role in photoprotection. In non-photosynthetic tissues carotenoids act as colorants and precursors for isoprenoid. While in human cells, carotenoids contribute to the maintenance of skin health by increasing basal dermal defense against UV. Each of these phytochemicals produces a kind of protection against diabetes, cancer, and inflammatory diseases. In this review, we precise current knowledge of the genes and enzymes involved in carotenoids metabolism, their regulatory mechanisms underlying carotenoid accumulation. This review also discuss the impact of various types of plastids on carotenoids biosynthesis, accumulation, their metabolic engineering and functions as stress signals in plants. © 2021